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单词 commend
释义

commendn.

Etymology: In sense 1, < French commende, corresponding to Italian commenda and medieval Latin commenda a benefice given in charge to any one (see commendam n.), lit. ‘a deposit, charge’, < commendāre to give in charge, entrust, etc.: see commend v. In the other senses it may have been formed immediately from the verb in English or Scottish.
Obsolete.
1.
a. Christian Church. = commendam n. 1 in commend, to commend: in commendam. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [adverb] > in commendam
commend1488
in commendam1658
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 434 The rent at will he [king off Ingland] gaiff hym [that byschop] in commend.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 172 Glaskow thai gaif..To dyocye in Duram to commend.
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. Prol. 108 Ane kynryk of parroch kyrkis cuppillit with commendis.
b. Feudal protection: see commend v. 7. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > feudal protection
commend1488
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 1086 The lord Bewmound in-to the north he [Edward] send. Thai lordschippys all thai gaiff him in commend.
2.
a. Commendation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun]
commend1488
recommendation1546
commendation1555
commendment1601
motioning1620
commendo1628
commendinga1661
testimonializing1891
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] > a recommendation
commend1488
commendation1538
recommendc1550
sanction1791
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1473 The gret commend that scho to Wallace gaiff Befor the king.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 277 Quhairthrow he gatt commend Of largnes and liberalitie.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles vi. 52 Speake in his iust commend . View more context for this quotation
b. with a and plural. Also a commends.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] > an instance, act, or expression of
commendation1535
good words1535
suffrage1566
commend1606
exalt1607
commendatory1641
exaltation1650
back-pat1894
cheerleading1902
rave1926
rap1939
bouquet1955
1606 W. Arthur & H. Charteris Rollock's Lect. 1st & 2nd Epist. Paul to Thessalonians (1 Thess.) ix. 100 Thou..givest vs a goode commend, and vtterst a great rejoising for vs.
1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. iii. 37 To..vouchsafe some few commends Before his death.
1641 S. Marmion Antiquary i, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XIII. 427 You give yourself a plausible commends.
3. A greeting, remembrance, compliment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > remembrance or greetings sent
recommendation1427
commend1488
commendation1529
complement1578
recado1615
remembrances1631
compliment1733
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 966 The harrold Iop in Ingland sone he send And wrayt to Bruce rycht hartlie this commend, Besekand him to cum and tak his croun.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. i. 38 Tel her I send to her my kinde commends . View more context for this quotation
1608 G. Markham & L. Machin Dumbe Knight v. sig. I2v Thanks M Iayler and a kind commend.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 84 Master William Pawley, to whom I desire my most hearty commends may be presented.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

commendv.

Brit. /kəˈmɛnd/, U.S. /kəˈmɛnd/
Forms: Middle English–1500s comend(e, commende, (Middle English kommende, 1500s comment), Middle English– commend.
Etymology: < Latin commendāre to commit to any one's charge, entrust, commend to his care, recommend, < Latin com- intensive + mandāre to commit into one's hands or charge, etc.: see mandate n. Old French commander had the sense of both commend and command (the latter a developed sense of Latin mandāre ), and commande in English had originally the same two senses. But here, in course of the 14th cent., the form commend was taken from Latin commendare (well known with its derivatives in feudal and ecclesiastical law, also in the Vulgate) in the original Latin sense, and command(e in this sense gradually went out of use. See command v.
1. To give in trust or charge, deliver to one's care or keeping; to commit, entrust:
a. a thing. Formerly in such expressions as commend to memory (Latin commendare memoriæ), also commend to paper, commend to writing, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another
givea1000
beteachc1000
teachc1000
betake1297
trust1340
bekena1375
commenda1382
putc1390
recommanda1393
commitc1405
recommendc1405
resignc1425
allot1473
commise1474
commanda1500
consign1528
in charge (of)1548
credit1559
incommend1574
entrusta1586
aret1590
be-giftc1590
concredit1593
betrust1619
concrede1643
subcommit1681
to farm out1786
confide1861
fide1863
doorstep1945
to foster out1960
the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > memorize, learn by heart [verb (transitive)]
record?c1225
renderc1380
to can by rotec1405
con?a1425
to con by heartc1449
can1496
to bear away1530
get1540
commend to memory1550
commit?1551
to con over1605
rotea1616
lodge1622
to get off by heart1709
memorize1834
rehearse1902
memorate1983
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. x. 28 Anent Magmas it shal commende [a1425 bitake to kepying] his vesseles.
c1475 Babees Bk. (Harl. 5086) (2002) i. 5 Yif that youre lorde his owne coppe lyste commende To yow to drynke.
1550 T. Becon Govern. Virtue in Wks. (1843) 482 Commend to memory the fifteenth chapter of Corinthians.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 155 The maister to whose iudgement I commend the choice.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iii. i. 163 To her white hand see thou do commend This seald-vp counsaile. View more context for this quotation
1629 T. Jackson Treat. Divine Essence ii. 294 The conduct of the right wing..was commended to his brother.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 34 These Rhymes I did to Memory commend.
1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. iii. 362 The ‘cup of bitterness’,..was again commended to his lips.
b. a person. Now esp. used of committal to the divine keeping: To commit with a prayer or act of faith, ‘to deliver up with confidence’ (Johnson).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another > specifically a person
bequeathc1225
commendc1386
recommandc1391
commanda1400
recommendc1405
remit?a1425
c1386 T. Hoccleve Mother of God 134 Un to you tweyne, I my soule commende.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xix. 88 He..saise deuote praiers and commendez him till his godd.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxii. 492 I comende you..my wyfe..& my children.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxviii We commend vnto thy mercifull goodnes, this congregacion.
1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote III. xxviii. 201 Who errs and mends, to God himself commends.
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. ix. 148 The Islands King..with grave speech..Himself, his State, his Spouse, to them commended.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vii. 169 Having commended himself..to the Saints..Quentin.. retired to rest.
2. To present as worthy of favourable acceptance, regard, consideration, attention, or notice; to direct attention to, as worthy of notice or regard; to recommend v.1:
a. a thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (transitive)]
commendc1400
recommise1427
recommendc1460
recommit?1521
prefer1567
wish1612
value1670
moyen1897
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1 Clannesse who-so kyndly cowþe comende.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xix. lxiii. sig. kkviiv/1 Mylke is commendyd [a1398 BL Add. ypreysed] for it nouryssheth well the body.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health lxiv. 68 Harts ease..is commended for a rupture.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 381 They commended Peace to both.
1855 C. Dickens Let. 14 Apr. (1993) VII. 592 The pleasanter humanity of the subject may commend it more to one's liking.
b. a person.
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. xii. 42 He..commendide him to alle his freendis.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 68 [The] Abbot of Pontiniack, to whome the Pope..had commended him.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. N7v The bearer heereof..I haue ben requested to commend vnto you.
1611 Bible (King James) Rom. xvi. 1 I commend vnto you Phebe our sister. View more context for this quotation
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lx. 199 I shall be glad if you will commend me to their acquaintance.
c. figurative. To recommend.
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. viii. 8 Mete comendith vs not to God.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. LLLiiii The prayer, that fraternall charite or brotherly loue commendeth before god.
d. To recommend (a person) to do a thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > to do something
redec1300
admonisha1325
monisha1382
advertise1449
commend1647
recommend1726
1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. xxvii. 171 Some friend shall commend the party inquiring to accept of some imployment very advantagious.
e. reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > make acceptable [verb (reflexive)]
commend1593
approve1611
conciliate?1615
recommenda1616
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. viii. 148 This method of teaching may commend it selfe vnto the world by that easines & facilitie which is in it.
1865 Gladstone in R. Lowe Speeches on Reform (1867) 159 The law has commended itself more and more to the respect and attachment of the people.
1886 ‘M. Gray’ Silence of Dean Maitland I. i. x [The grey suit] had commended itself to Everard from the sense of cleanliness that light colours always afforded him.
1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere xix I am sorry for it if his methods do not commend themselves to you.
1904 F. M. Nichols Epist. Erasmus II. 269 It commends itself to all the theologians who are either learned, or honest and candid.
3.
a. gen. To mention as worthy of acceptance or approval, to express approbation of, praise, extol.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)]
heryc735
mickleeOE
loveOE
praise?c1225
upraisea1300
alosec1300
commenda1340
allow1340
laud1377
lose1377
avauntc1380
magnifya1382
enhancea1400
roosea1400
recommendc1400
recommanda1413
to bear up?a1425
exalt1430
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
laudifyc1470
gloryc1475
advance1483
to bear out1485
prizec1485
to be or to have in laudationa1500
joya1500
extol1509
collaud1512
concend?1521
solemnize?1521
celebrate1522
stellify1523
to set up1535
well-word1547
predicate1552
glorify1557
to set forth1565
admire1566
to be up with1592
voice1594
magnificate1598
plaud1598
concelebrate1599
encomionize1599
to con laud1602
applauda1616
panegyrize1617
acclamate1624
to set offa1625
acclaim1626
raise1645
complement1649
encomiate1651
voguec1661
phrase1675
to set out1688
Alexander1700
talk1723
panegyricize1777
bemouth1799
eulogizea1810
rhapsodize1819
crack up1829
rhapsody1847
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xi. 7 Þe prophet comendis þe prechynge of crist.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 761 For that that som men blamen evere yit, Loo! other maner folk comenden it.
c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 89 (MS. K.) Comendyn or preysyn, laudo.
1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aaijv In al ages, noble enterprises haue ben commended.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 160 She did commend my yellow stockings of late. View more context for this quotation
1634 R. H. tr. Regim. Salerni Pref. 2 Commend it, or come and mend it.
1738 S. Johnson London 3 My calmer thoughts his choice commend.
1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxii. 175 He commended their zeal.
b. to commend to be (of such a kind). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 402 Roger Niger is commended to haue beene a man of worthy life.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 331 The Ægiptians..are commended to be..a..merry Nation.
c. absol.
ΚΠ
1717 A. Pope Occasion'd by Some Verses in Wks. 414 Thou shalt live; for Buckingham commends.
1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women I. i. 35 Commend as often as you can.
1863 H. W. Longfellow Interlude ii. i, in Tales Wayside Inn 46 One, over eager to commend.
4.
a. To set off to advantage, or with added grace, lustre, etc.; to adorn or grace. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off
becomec1314
commend1535
advancea1555
comely1573
outseta1578
countenance?1578
to set out1586
to stick off1613
to set offa1616
suit1655
to put off1700
advantage1748
approve1849
flatter1904
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xv. A A wyse tonge commendeth knowlege [L. ornat scientiam].
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 39v What..more commendeth a woman than constancie?
1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. G.2 Gold commends, the precious stone.
1593 H. Smith Serm. in Wks. II. 111 The light of the candle doth not dazzle, but rather commend the light of the sun.
1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 32 The gracefull symmetry that commends the whole pile and structure.
b. figurative (in proverbial expression).
ΚΠ
1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 48 Such as have very strong stomackes, or like to have their meat commend their drinke.
5. To recommend to kindly remembrance; formerly in ordinary use in the conveyance of greetings, now archaic: e.g. commend me to ——, remember me kindly to ——; —— commends him(self) to you, —— asks to be kindly remembered to you, sends his kind remembrances; I commend me to you, I present my kind regards or remembrances.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use courteous actions or expressions to [verb (transitive)] > greet or salute > send remembrances
commanda1400
recommand1416
recommendc1430
commend1463
remember1533
1463 Past. Lett. II. 138 Ryght worchepful ser..I comend me to you [earlier letters have recommend and command].
c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 89 (MS. K.) Comendyn or gretyn [1499 recomende], recommendo.
c1528 Mrq. Dorset in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. iii. 173 II. 147 I hertely commende me vnto you.
1563 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 349 We comende us unto yor good Lordshipp.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 230 Signior Anthonio commends him to you. View more context for this quotation
1606 F. Holyoake Dictionarium Etymologicum ii. at Salveo, in Riders Dict. (new ed.) To commend thy selfe to one.
1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. vii. 528 Commend me to my son.
6. Christian Church. To bestow in commendam. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [verb (intransitive)] > bestow in commendam
commend1620
society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [verb (transitive)] > bestow in commendam
commend1620
1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent ii. 256 A Cathedrall Church might bee commended to a Deacon.
1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent ii. 251 But the Popes..did passe these limits, and commended for a longer time.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. at Commendam He to whom the Church is commended, hath the Fruits and Profits thereof, onely for a certain time.
1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 198/1 A Council of Merida commended to the metropolitan the churches of certain bishops who had been ordered to retire from their sees and do penance.
7. Historical. To place under the personal protection of a feudal lord (‘se in vassaticum alicui commendare’ Du Cange).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > put under the protection of > a feudal lord
commendate1864
commend1867
society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serve feudal superior [verb (transitive)] > place under feudal lord
commendate1864
commend1867
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of or hold as tenant [verb (transitive)] > place under protection of feudal lord
commend1867
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 96 The freeman might..determine to whom..he should commend himself.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 3) I. iii. 121 The kingdom of England..was twice commended to a foreign potentate.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. 253 (note) Vassus..was used..in the Karolingian period for a freeman commended, or placed in the relation of comitatus, to a lord.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/2 The privileged position of the abbey tenants gradually led the other men of the valley to ‘commend’ themselves to the abbey.
8. commend me (us) to: a colloquial expression, serious or ironical, of choice or preference, = ‘give me by choice’. Originally of a person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > choose [verb (transitive)] > give me or us by choice
commend me (us) to1712
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 486. ⁋4 Of all that I have met in my time, commend me to Betty Duall.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. ii Commend me to a mask of silliness, and a pair of sharp eyes for my own interest under it.
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. i. 23 For a handsome, generous, sharp-witted knave, commend me to Hunsdrich the porter.
1842 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 9 635/2 Commend me to Edinburgh above all cities!
1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. viii. 92 Commend me to home-joy, the family board, Altar and hearth!
9. Apparently confused or blended with the verbs comment n. and command n.
ΚΠ
1637 Abp. J. Williams Holy Table 107 That most admirable passage..applauded and commended vpon by Lactantius himself.
a1639 H. Wotton Difference & Disparity Duke of Buckingham & Earl of Essex in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 59 To commend over his condition and transcendent power..as a matter of publique consequence.
1674 A. Marvell Let. 19 Mar. in Wks. (1875) II. 417 Whensoever you shall have any further occasion to commend me, I shall not faile to testify that I am, etc.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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