单词 | commend |
释义 | † commendn. Obsolete. 1. a. Christian Church. = commendam n. 1 in commend, to commend: in commendam. Scottish. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [adverb] > in commendam commend1488 in commendam1658 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 434 The rent at will he [king off Ingland] gaiff hym [that byschop] in commend. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 172 Glaskow thai gaif..To dyocye in Duram to commend. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. Prol. 108 Ane kynryk of parroch kyrkis cuppillit with commendis. b. Feudal protection: see commend v. 7. Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > feudal protection commend1488 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 1086 The lord Bewmound in-to the north he [Edward] send. Thai lordschippys all thai gaiff him in commend. 2. a. Commendation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] commend1488 recommendation1546 commendation1555 commendment1601 motioning1620 commendo1628 commendinga1661 testimonializing1891 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] > a recommendation commend1488 commendation1538 recommendc1550 sanction1791 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1473 The gret commend that scho to Wallace gaiff Befor the king. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 277 Quhairthrow he gatt commend Of largnes and liberalitie. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles vi. 52 Speake in his iust commend . View more context for this quotation b. with a and plural. Also a commends. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] > an instance, act, or expression of commendation1535 good words1535 suffrage1566 commend1606 exalt1607 commendatory1641 exaltation1650 back-pat1894 cheerleading1902 rave1926 rap1939 bouquet1955 1606 W. Arthur & H. Charteris Rollock's Lect. 1st & 2nd Epist. Paul to Thessalonians (1 Thess.) ix. 100 Thou..givest vs a goode commend, and vtterst a great rejoising for vs. 1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. iii. 37 To..vouchsafe some few commends Before his death. 1641 S. Marmion Antiquary i, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XIII. 427 You give yourself a plausible commends. 3. A greeting, remembrance, compliment. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > remembrance or greetings sent recommendation1427 commend1488 commendation1529 complement1578 recado1615 remembrances1631 compliment1733 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 966 The harrold Iop in Ingland sone he send And wrayt to Bruce rycht hartlie this commend, Besekand him to cum and tak his croun. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. i. 38 Tel her I send to her my kinde commends . View more context for this quotation 1608 G. Markham & L. Machin Dumbe Knight v. sig. I2v Thanks M Iayler and a kind commend. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 84 Master William Pawley, to whom I desire my most hearty commends may be presented. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). commendv. 1. To give in trust or charge, deliver to one's care or keeping; to commit, entrust: ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another givea1000 beteachc1000 teachc1000 betake1297 trust1340 bekena1375 commenda1382 putc1390 recommanda1393 commitc1405 recommendc1405 resignc1425 allot1473 commise1474 commanda1500 consign1528 in charge (of)1548 credit1559 incommend1574 entrusta1586 aret1590 be-giftc1590 concredit1593 betrust1619 concrede1643 subcommit1681 to farm out1786 confide1861 fide1863 doorstep1945 to foster out1960 the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > memorize, learn by heart [verb (transitive)] record?c1225 renderc1380 to can by rotec1405 con?a1425 to con by heartc1449 can1496 to bear away1530 get1540 commend to memory1550 commit?1551 to con over1605 rotea1616 lodge1622 to get off by heart1709 memorize1834 rehearse1902 memorate1983 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. x. 28 Anent Magmas it shal commende [a1425 bitake to kepying] his vesseles. c1475 Babees Bk. (Harl. 5086) (2002) i. 5 Yif that youre lorde his owne coppe lyste commende To yow to drynke. 1550 T. Becon Govern. Virtue in Wks. (1843) 482 Commend to memory the fifteenth chapter of Corinthians. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 155 The maister to whose iudgement I commend the choice. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iii. i. 163 To her white hand see thou do commend This seald-vp counsaile. View more context for this quotation 1629 T. Jackson Treat. Divine Essence ii. 294 The conduct of the right wing..was commended to his brother. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 34 These Rhymes I did to Memory commend. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. iii. 362 The ‘cup of bitterness’,..was again commended to his lips. b. a person. Now esp. used of committal to the divine keeping: To commit with a prayer or act of faith, ‘to deliver up with confidence’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another > specifically a person bequeathc1225 commendc1386 recommandc1391 commanda1400 recommendc1405 remit?a1425 c1386 T. Hoccleve Mother of God 134 Un to you tweyne, I my soule commende. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xix. 88 He..saise deuote praiers and commendez him till his godd. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxii. 492 I comende you..my wyfe..& my children. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxviii We commend vnto thy mercifull goodnes, this congregacion. 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote III. xxviii. 201 Who errs and mends, to God himself commends. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xi. ix. 148 The Islands King..with grave speech..Himself, his State, his Spouse, to them commended. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vii. 169 Having commended himself..to the Saints..Quentin.. retired to rest. 2. To present as worthy of favourable acceptance, regard, consideration, attention, or notice; to direct attention to, as worthy of notice or regard; to recommend v.1: a. a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (transitive)] commendc1400 recommise1427 recommendc1460 recommit?1521 prefer1567 wish1612 value1670 moyen1897 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1 Clannesse who-so kyndly cowþe comende. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xix. lxiii. sig. kkviiv/1 Mylke is commendyd [a1398 BL Add. ypreysed] for it nouryssheth well the body. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health lxiv. 68 Harts ease..is commended for a rupture. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 381 They commended Peace to both. 1855 C. Dickens Let. 14 Apr. (1993) VII. 592 The pleasanter humanity of the subject may commend it more to one's liking. b. a person. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. xii. 42 He..commendide him to alle his freendis. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 68 [The] Abbot of Pontiniack, to whome the Pope..had commended him. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. N7v The bearer heereof..I haue ben requested to commend vnto you. 1611 Bible (King James) Rom. xvi. 1 I commend vnto you Phebe our sister. View more context for this quotation 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lx. 199 I shall be glad if you will commend me to their acquaintance. c. figurative. To recommend. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. viii. 8 Mete comendith vs not to God. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. LLLiiii The prayer, that fraternall charite or brotherly loue commendeth before god. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > to do something redec1300 admonisha1325 monisha1382 advertise1449 commend1647 recommend1726 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. xxvii. 171 Some friend shall commend the party inquiring to accept of some imployment very advantagious. e. reflexive. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > quality of being approvable or acceptable > make acceptable [verb (reflexive)] commend1593 approve1611 conciliate?1615 recommenda1616 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. viii. 148 This method of teaching may commend it selfe vnto the world by that easines & facilitie which is in it. 1865 Gladstone in R. Lowe Speeches on Reform (1867) 159 The law has commended itself more and more to the respect and attachment of the people. 1886 ‘M. Gray’ Silence of Dean Maitland I. i. x [The grey suit] had commended itself to Everard from the sense of cleanliness that light colours always afforded him. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere xix I am sorry for it if his methods do not commend themselves to you. 1904 F. M. Nichols Epist. Erasmus II. 269 It commends itself to all the theologians who are either learned, or honest and candid. 3. a. gen. To mention as worthy of acceptance or approval, to express approbation of, praise, extol. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)] heryc735 mickleeOE loveOE praise?c1225 upraisea1300 alosec1300 commenda1340 allow1340 laud1377 lose1377 avauntc1380 magnifya1382 enhancea1400 roosea1400 recommendc1400 recommanda1413 to bear up?a1425 exalt1430 to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445 laudifyc1470 gloryc1475 advance1483 to bear out1485 prizec1485 to be or to have in laudationa1500 joya1500 extol1509 collaud1512 concend?1521 solemnize?1521 celebrate1522 stellify1523 to set up1535 well-word1547 predicate1552 glorify1557 to set forth1565 admire1566 to be up with1592 voice1594 magnificate1598 plaud1598 concelebrate1599 encomionize1599 to con laud1602 applauda1616 panegyrize1617 acclamate1624 to set offa1625 acclaim1626 raise1645 complement1649 encomiate1651 voguec1661 phrase1675 to set out1688 Alexander1700 talk1723 panegyricize1777 bemouth1799 eulogizea1810 rhapsodize1819 crack up1829 rhapsody1847 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xi. 7 Þe prophet comendis þe prechynge of crist. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 761 For that that som men blamen evere yit, Loo! other maner folk comenden it. c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 89 (MS. K.) Comendyn or preysyn, laudo. 1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Ded. sig. aaijv In al ages, noble enterprises haue ben commended. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 160 She did commend my yellow stockings of late. View more context for this quotation 1634 R. H. tr. Regim. Salerni Pref. 2 Commend it, or come and mend it. 1738 S. Johnson London 3 My calmer thoughts his choice commend. 1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxii. 175 He commended their zeal. ΚΠ 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 402 Roger Niger is commended to haue beene a man of worthy life. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 331 The Ægiptians..are commended to be..a..merry Nation. c. absol. ΚΠ 1717 A. Pope Occasion'd by Some Verses in Wks. 414 Thou shalt live; for Buckingham commends. 1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women I. i. 35 Commend as often as you can. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Interlude ii. i, in Tales Wayside Inn 46 One, over eager to commend. a. To set off to advantage, or with added grace, lustre, etc.; to adorn or grace. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off becomec1314 commend1535 advancea1555 comely1573 outseta1578 countenance?1578 to set out1586 to stick off1613 to set offa1616 suit1655 to put off1700 advantage1748 approve1849 flatter1904 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xv. A A wyse tonge commendeth knowlege [L. ornat scientiam]. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 39v What..more commendeth a woman than constancie? 1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. G.2 Gold commends, the precious stone. 1593 H. Smith Serm. in Wks. II. 111 The light of the candle doth not dazzle, but rather commend the light of the sun. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 32 The gracefull symmetry that commends the whole pile and structure. b. figurative (in proverbial expression). ΚΠ 1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 48 Such as have very strong stomackes, or like to have their meat commend their drinke. 5. To recommend to kindly remembrance; formerly in ordinary use in the conveyance of greetings, now archaic: e.g. commend me to ——, remember me kindly to ——; —— commends him(self) to you, —— asks to be kindly remembered to you, sends his kind remembrances; I commend me to you, I present my kind regards or remembrances. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use courteous actions or expressions to [verb (transitive)] > greet or salute > send remembrances commanda1400 recommand1416 recommendc1430 commend1463 remember1533 1463 Past. Lett. II. 138 Ryght worchepful ser..I comend me to you [earlier letters have recommend and command]. c1490 Promptorium Parvulorum 89 (MS. K.) Comendyn or gretyn [1499 recomende], recommendo. c1528 Mrq. Dorset in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. iii. 173 II. 147 I hertely commende me vnto you. 1563 in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 349 We comende us unto yor good Lordshipp. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 230 Signior Anthonio commends him to you. View more context for this quotation 1606 F. Holyoake Dictionarium Etymologicum ii. at Salveo, in Riders Dict. (new ed.) To commend thy selfe to one. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. vii. 528 Commend me to my son. 6. Christian Church. To bestow in commendam. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [verb (intransitive)] > bestow in commendam commend1620 society > faith > worship > benefice > kinds of benefice > [verb (transitive)] > bestow in commendam commend1620 1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent ii. 256 A Cathedrall Church might bee commended to a Deacon. 1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent ii. 251 But the Popes..did passe these limits, and commended for a longer time. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. at Commendam He to whom the Church is commended, hath the Fruits and Profits thereof, onely for a certain time. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 198/1 A Council of Merida commended to the metropolitan the churches of certain bishops who had been ordered to retire from their sees and do penance. 7. Historical. To place under the personal protection of a feudal lord (‘se in vassaticum alicui commendare’ Du Cange). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > put under the protection of > a feudal lord commendate1864 commend1867 society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serve feudal superior [verb (transitive)] > place under feudal lord commendate1864 commend1867 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of or hold as tenant [verb (transitive)] > place under protection of feudal lord commend1867 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 96 The freeman might..determine to whom..he should commend himself. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 3) I. iii. 121 The kingdom of England..was twice commended to a foreign potentate. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. 253 (note) Vassus..was used..in the Karolingian period for a freeman commended, or placed in the relation of comitatus, to a lord. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/2 The privileged position of the abbey tenants gradually led the other men of the valley to ‘commend’ themselves to the abbey. 8. commend me (us) to: a colloquial expression, serious or ironical, of choice or preference, = ‘give me by choice’. Originally of a person. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > choose [verb (transitive)] > give me or us by choice commend me (us) to1712 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 486. ⁋4 Of all that I have met in my time, commend me to Betty Duall. 1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. ii Commend me to a mask of silliness, and a pair of sharp eyes for my own interest under it. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. i. 23 For a handsome, generous, sharp-witted knave, commend me to Hunsdrich the porter. 1842 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 9 635/2 Commend me to Edinburgh above all cities! 1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. viii. 92 Commend me to home-joy, the family board, Altar and hearth! 9. Apparently confused or blended with the verbs comment n. and command n. ΚΠ 1637 Abp. J. Williams Holy Table 107 That most admirable passage..applauded and commended vpon by Lactantius himself. a1639 H. Wotton Difference & Disparity Duke of Buckingham & Earl of Essex in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 59 To commend over his condition and transcendent power..as a matter of publique consequence. 1674 A. Marvell Let. 19 Mar. in Wks. (1875) II. 417 Whensoever you shall have any further occasion to commend me, I shall not faile to testify that I am, etc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1488v.a1340 |
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