cognitiveadj.

/ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/

Etymology: < Latin type cognitīvus , < cognit- , see above, -ive suffix.

Of or pertaining to cognition, or to the action or process of knowing; having the attribute of cognizing. (See also quot. 1956.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [adjective]

apprehensivea1398

cognitive1586

cognoscitive1640

cognoscent1649

cognitional1827

perceptional1862

cognition1878

perceptual1878

phronetal1904

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > [adjective]

cognitive1586

cognoscitive1640

cognitional1827

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 24 Plato saith, that there are three vertues in the soule belonging to knowledge and vnderstanding..called cognitiue or knowing vertues: namely, reason, vnderstanding and phantasie.

1679 R. South Serm. Several Occasions 276 Unless the Vnderstanding imploy and exercise its cognitive, or Apprehensive Power.

1803 Edinb. Rev. 1 257 A minute analysis of the cognitive powers of man.

1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (1852) 258 The simple cognitive faculties, which give us the knowledge of really existing individual objects; as Perception..Self-consciousness.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. xiii. 227 The two acts, severally cognitive of mind and matter.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 10 Feb. 4/1 Three different aspects—cognitive, affective, conative—proper to every instinctive process.

1948 Poetry Dec. 158 Cognitive, pert[aining] to the thought element of the poem, as opposed to either the emotive or the conative (willing) elements.

1948 E. R. Hilgard Theories of Learning i. 13 The preference of the contemporary association theorist for a reaction psychology (laying emphasis upon movements) as over against a cognitive psychology (emphasizing perception-like and idea-like processes) learning with understanding or learning under cognitive control.

1952 T. Parsons Social Syst. 7 The most elementary and fundamental ‘orientational’ category..seems to be the ‘cognitive’ which..may be treated as the ‘definition’ of the relevant aspects of the situation in their relevance to the actor's ‘interests’.

1954 W. K. Wimsatt Verbal Icon I. 23 The main drift of his argument is that emotive ‘meaning’ is something noncorrelative to and independent of descriptive (or cognitive) meaning.

1956 J. O. Urmson Philos. Anal. 171 The same question arises even when metaphysics is denied cognitive meaning only. ‘Cognitive’ is used to mean ‘empirically verifiable or else analytic’.

Draft additions 1993

b. Compounds.

cognitive science n. the science of cognition or intelligence, the study of the cognitive processes involved in the acquisition and use of knowledge.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of cognition > [noun]

cognitive science1975

1975 D. G. Bobrow & A. Collins (title) Representation and understanding: studies in cognitive science.

1977 Cognitive Sci. I. 1 Recently there has begun to grow a community of people from different disciplines, who find themselves tackling a common set of problems in natural and artificial intelligence. The particular disciplines from which they come are..cognitive and social psychology, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, educational technology, and even epistemology... This discipline might have been called applied epistemology or intelligence theory, but someone on high declared it should be cognitive science.

1983 Listener 10 Feb. 29/1 Some hopes are pinned on a new kind of hybrid known as ‘cognitive science’.

1985 H. Gardner Mind's New Sci. i. 6 I define cognitive science as a contemporary, empirically based effort to answer long-standing epistemological questions—particularly those concerned with the nature of knowledge, its components, its sources, its development, and its deployment.

cognitive scientist n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of cognition > [noun] > adherent of

cognitive scientist1980

1980 Cognitive Sci. IV. 1 Cognitive scientists as a whole ought to make more use of evidence from the neurosciences, from brain damage and mental illness, from cognitive sociology and anthropology, and from clinical studies of the human.

1985 H. Gardner Mind's New Sci. iii. 39 Contemporary theoretical talk among ‘card-carrying’ cognitive scientists amounts, in a sense, to a discussion of the best ways of conceptualizing mental representations.

Draft additions June 2006

cognitive therapy (also cognitive behaviour therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy) Psychology a type of psychotherapy in which unrealistically negative patterns of thought about the self and the world are challenged in order to alter unwanted behaviour patterns or treat mood-related psychiatric disorders such as depression.

ΚΠ

1970 A. T. Beck in Behavior Therapy 1 184 Cognitive therapy, the more recent entry into the field of psychotherapy, and behavior therapy already show signs of becoming institutionalized.

1989 S. D. Hollon in T. M. Field et al. Stress & Coping across Devel. 236 It is logically possible that cognitive therapy works, when it works, by deactivating depressive schemata but not altering their basic nature.

2004 Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 Dec. 1 GPs have known for some time that treatments such as cognitive behaviour therapy are effective but unfortunately the availability of specialists in many parts of the country is such that they are effectively unavailable.

Draft additions September 2019

cognitive dissonance n. originally and chiefly Psychology a state of mental discomfort that occurs when a person holds beliefs, opinions, etc., which are inconsistent, or which conflict with an aspect of his or her behaviour; (also) the fact of holding such inconsistent or conflicting beliefs.Cognitive dissonance was first conceptualized by the American psychologist Leon Festinger (1919–89) (see quot. 1957). Festinger posited that the desire to establish a sense of mental consistency by reducing cognitive dissonance (e.g. by altering one's thoughts, or changing one's behaviour) is a key driver in attitude formation. For example, a smoker who knows that smoking damages health might attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance by stopping smoking, by ignoring the medical evidence, or by justifying his or her actions in another way.

ΚΠ

1957 L. Festinger Theory of Cognitive Dissonance i. 8 ‘Incongruity’ or cognitive dissonance..is produced by the knowledge that a person or other source of information which a subject regards positively (or negatively) supports an opinion which the subject regards negatively (or positively).

1980 High School Jrnl. 64 83/1 Our young doctor has been thrown into a state of cognitive dissonance; he can comprehend neither what he hears nor what he sees, for it squares with little that he has been taught.

2019 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Feb. Clark is at heart a decent man and can't maintain the cognitive dissonance of talking stuff he knows to be bollocks for any length of time.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	cognitive
释义	cognitiveadj. /ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/ Etymology: < Latin type cognitīvus , < cognit- , see above, -ive suffix. Of or pertaining to cognition, or to the action or process of knowing; having the attribute of cognizing. (See also quot. 1956.) ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [adjective] apprehensivea1398 cognitive1586 cognoscitive1640 cognoscent1649 cognitional1827 perceptional1862 cognition1878 perceptual1878 phronetal1904 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > [adjective] cognitive1586 cognoscitive1640 cognitional1827 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 24 Plato saith, that there are three vertues in the soule belonging to knowledge and vnderstanding..called cognitiue or knowing vertues: namely, reason, vnderstanding and phantasie. 1679 R. South Serm. Several Occasions 276 Unless the Vnderstanding imploy and exercise its cognitive, or Apprehensive Power. 1803 Edinb. Rev. 1 257 A minute analysis of the cognitive powers of man. 1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (1852) 258 The simple cognitive faculties, which give us the knowledge of really existing individual objects; as Perception..Self-consciousness. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. xiii. 227 The two acts, severally cognitive of mind and matter. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 10 Feb. 4/1 Three different aspects—cognitive, affective, conative—proper to every instinctive process. 1948 Poetry Dec. 158 Cognitive, pert[aining] to the thought element of the poem, as opposed to either the emotive or the conative (willing) elements. 1948 E. R. Hilgard Theories of Learning i. 13 The preference of the contemporary association theorist for a reaction psychology (laying emphasis upon movements) as over against a cognitive psychology (emphasizing perception-like and idea-like processes) learning with understanding or learning under cognitive control. 1952 T. Parsons Social Syst. 7 The most elementary and fundamental ‘orientational’ category..seems to be the ‘cognitive’ which..may be treated as the ‘definition’ of the relevant aspects of the situation in their relevance to the actor's ‘interests’. 1954 W. K. Wimsatt Verbal Icon I. 23 The main drift of his argument is that emotive ‘meaning’ is something noncorrelative to and independent of descriptive (or cognitive) meaning. 1956 J. O. Urmson Philos. Anal. 171 The same question arises even when metaphysics is denied cognitive meaning only. ‘Cognitive’ is used to mean ‘empirically verifiable or else analytic’. Draft additions 1993 b. Compounds. cognitive science n. the science of cognition or intelligence, the study of the cognitive processes involved in the acquisition and use of knowledge. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of cognition > [noun] cognitive science1975 1975 D. G. Bobrow & A. Collins (title) Representation and understanding: studies in cognitive science. 1977 Cognitive Sci. I. 1 Recently there has begun to grow a community of people from different disciplines, who find themselves tackling a common set of problems in natural and artificial intelligence. The particular disciplines from which they come are..cognitive and social psychology, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, educational technology, and even epistemology... This discipline might have been called applied epistemology or intelligence theory, but someone on high declared it should be cognitive science. 1983 Listener 10 Feb. 29/1 Some hopes are pinned on a new kind of hybrid known as ‘cognitive science’. 1985 H. Gardner Mind's New Sci. i. 6 I define cognitive science as a contemporary, empirically based effort to answer long-standing epistemological questions—particularly those concerned with the nature of knowledge, its components, its sources, its development, and its deployment. cognitive scientist n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of cognition > [noun] > adherent of cognitive scientist1980 1980 Cognitive Sci. IV. 1 Cognitive scientists as a whole ought to make more use of evidence from the neurosciences, from brain damage and mental illness, from cognitive sociology and anthropology, and from clinical studies of the human. 1985 H. Gardner Mind's New Sci. iii. 39 Contemporary theoretical talk among ‘card-carrying’ cognitive scientists amounts, in a sense, to a discussion of the best ways of conceptualizing mental representations. Draft additions June 2006 cognitive therapy (also cognitive behaviour therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy) Psychology a type of psychotherapy in which unrealistically negative patterns of thought about the self and the world are challenged in order to alter unwanted behaviour patterns or treat mood-related psychiatric disorders such as depression. ΚΠ 1970 A. T. Beck in Behavior Therapy 1 184 Cognitive therapy, the more recent entry into the field of psychotherapy, and behavior therapy already show signs of becoming institutionalized. 1989 S. D. Hollon in T. M. Field et al. Stress & Coping across Devel. 236 It is logically possible that cognitive therapy works, when it works, by deactivating depressive schemata but not altering their basic nature. 2004 Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 Dec. 1 GPs have known for some time that treatments such as cognitive behaviour therapy are effective but unfortunately the availability of specialists in many parts of the country is such that they are effectively unavailable. Draft additions September 2019 cognitive dissonance n. originally and chiefly Psychology a state of mental discomfort that occurs when a person holds beliefs, opinions, etc., which are inconsistent, or which conflict with an aspect of his or her behaviour; (also) the fact of holding such inconsistent or conflicting beliefs.Cognitive dissonance was first conceptualized by the American psychologist Leon Festinger (1919–89) (see quot. 1957). Festinger posited that the desire to establish a sense of mental consistency by reducing cognitive dissonance (e.g. by altering one's thoughts, or changing one's behaviour) is a key driver in attitude formation. For example, a smoker who knows that smoking damages health might attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance by stopping smoking, by ignoring the medical evidence, or by justifying his or her actions in another way. ΚΠ 1957 L. Festinger Theory of Cognitive Dissonance i. 8 ‘Incongruity’ or cognitive dissonance..is produced by the knowledge that a person or other source of information which a subject regards positively (or negatively) supports an opinion which the subject regards negatively (or positively). 1980 High School Jrnl. 64 83/1 Our young doctor has been thrown into a state of cognitive dissonance; he can comprehend neither what he hears nor what he sees, for it squares with little that he has been taught. 2019 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Feb. Clark is at heart a decent man and can't maintain the cognitive dissonance of talking stuff he knows to be bollocks for any length of time. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < adj.1586
随便看	irreproachablenesses irreproachably irreproducibilities irreproducibility irreproducible irreproductive irreproductive function irreprovable it is news to me etc it is news to me her it is news to me him it is no boot it is no charge it is no fail it is no fail but it is no force it is no marvel it is no matter it is no matter for it is no nay it is no odds it is no question it is no reason it is no wonder it is noised that