cognationn.

/kɒɡˈneɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin cognātiōn-em kindred by birth, < cognātus , cognate adj. and n.

a. The relation between persons descended from a common ancestor; kinship, relationship, consanguinity. (Common in 17th cent.; now rare.)

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > blood-relationship

bloodOE

alliancec1325

consanguinityc1380

cognation1382

allyc1425

sanguinityc1470

kin1548

blood bond1645

kinship1786

blood relationship1793

blood affinity1820

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > by male or female line

cognation1382

agnation1531

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. x. 31 Thes the sones of Sem, after cognaciouns [L. secundum cognationes] and tungis and regiouns.

1582 in Bible (Rheims) Luke viii. 21 (margin) Our spiritual kindred is to be preferred before carnal cognation.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 365 Termes of cognation, & consanguinity.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. iii. 18 Of the original of the Phenicians; their cognation with the Jews.

1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 69 A great danger exists in claiming cognation between two distant peoples from the coincidence of a few words in both languages.

b. spec. in Roman Law: Natural relationship by descent from a common ancestor, whether through males or females; as distinguished from agnation, which was a civil relationship through males only. In Scots Law, Relationship through females only.

ΚΠ

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In France, for the Succession to the Crown they follow Agnation; in England, Spain, &c. Cognation.

1806 G. Gregory Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 382 Cognation, women coming to the succession according to the degree of proximity, in default of males, or their descendants.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 61 There is no agnation between a mother's brother and her son,—only cognation.

†c. Used of ‘spiritual’ relationship, as that between sponsors, etc.; = affinity n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun] > spiritual relation of participants

gossipredc1315

affinity1357

gossiphood1506

cognationa1575

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > parenthood > [noun] > relation of godparents or child

gossipredc1315

affinity1357

gossipry?1548

gossipship1572

cognationa1575

a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 266 Knit to us neither by consanguinity nor affinity, but by spiritual cognation.

a1627 W. Sclater Expos. 4th Chapter Rom. (1650) 140 By spiritual cognation, wherein faith combines us.

1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iv. v. 444 The impediment of spirituall cognation, is stretched so far..as that (what by Baptisme, what by Confirmation) twenty severall persons are excluded from the capacity of inter-marriage.

†2. collective. Kindred, kinsfolk, relations. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > relations or kindred > [noun]

kinc825

sibOE

kindredOE

sibness?a1300

kindc1325

affinity1357

cousinagea1382

cognationc1384

kinhoodc1440

kinsfolkc1450

evenkina1500

relation1502

kindsfolk1555

folks1715

cousinhood1748

loved onea1756

parentage1768

concerns1818

belonging1842

cousinry1844

cousinship1865

kinspeople1866

kinfolk1873

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds vii. 3 Go out of thi lond, and of thi cognacioun [L. de cognatione tua], or kynrede.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 80/2 Alle hys cognacion..abode in good lyf and in holy conuersacion.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth i. sig. B.ii^v Go thou forth of thy countre & from thy cognacion or kindred.

3. Philology. The relation between languages naturally descended from a common source, or words from a common root.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages > quality of being related

affinity1599

cognation1862

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > derivation > state of being derived from same word

conjugation1628

cognation1862

congruence1958

1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 5 It cometh from and hath a near cognation with a word that signifies to build.

1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xx. 347 What certain Sense they could put upon either of these four Words by their mere Cognation with each other.]

1862 Guardian 23 Apr. 401/3 The great difficulty in all teaching of Comparative Philology is to make people understand the difference between cognation and derivation.

1865 Sat. Rev. 11 Feb. 180/2 Sir William Jones recognises the fact that the relation among all of them is cognation and not derivation.

4. The relation between things derived from the same source or having the same origin, or between those having a like nature or quality (= affinity n. 6a); more loosely, that between things connected with, or naturally adapted to, each other (cf. affinity n. 7); affinity, connection, relation, likeness. (Very frequent in 17th cent.; now rare or Obsolete)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > affinity or closeness

cousinagea1398

alliancea1475

affinityc1485

propinquitya1500

societya1513

kindred1528

cognationa1555

affinitive1579

sympathya1586

vicinity1594

affiance1597

contingence1612

contingency1612

congeniality1620

umbilicality1646

consanguinity1651

congeneracy1664

gossipred1674

congenerousness1677

closeness1692

intimacy1720

proximity1762

liaison1809

cousinship1848

affiliation1870

kinship1876

a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 481 The societie, cognation, and consent, which all & euery creature hath with man.

1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions xxxvii. 461 The Eye is fitted to discerne light by the Innate property of light and Cognation which it hath thereunto.

a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 223 [They] had a very great cognation with the Galli, not only in language, but in holy Rites and Customes.

1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ (1809) vi. 187 This circumstance of identity or cognation in their original.

1845 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 57 396 How close the cognation of the creature and the critical faculty.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

单词	cognation
释义	cognationn. /kɒɡˈneɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin cognātiōn-em kindred by birth, < cognātus , cognate adj. and n. 1. a. The relation between persons descended from a common ancestor; kinship, relationship, consanguinity. (Common in 17th cent.; now rare.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > blood-relationship bloodOE alliancec1325 consanguinityc1380 cognation1382 allyc1425 sanguinityc1470 kin1548 blood bond1645 kinship1786 blood relationship1793 blood affinity1820 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > by male or female line cognation1382 agnation1531 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. x. 31 Thes the sones of Sem, after cognaciouns [L. secundum cognationes] and tungis and regiouns. 1582 in Bible (Rheims) Luke viii. 21 (margin) Our spiritual kindred is to be preferred before carnal cognation. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 365 Termes of cognation, & consanguinity. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. iii. 18 Of the original of the Phenicians; their cognation with the Jews. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 69 A great danger exists in claiming cognation between two distant peoples from the coincidence of a few words in both languages. b. spec. in Roman Law: Natural relationship by descent from a common ancestor, whether through males or females; as distinguished from agnation, which was a civil relationship through males only. In Scots Law, Relationship through females only. ΚΠ 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In France, for the Succession to the Crown they follow Agnation; in England, Spain, &c. Cognation. 1806 G. Gregory Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 382 Cognation, women coming to the succession according to the degree of proximity, in default of males, or their descendants. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 61 There is no agnation between a mother's brother and her son,—only cognation. †c. Used of ‘spiritual’ relationship, as that between sponsors, etc.; = affinity n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > [noun] > spiritual relation of participants gossipredc1315 affinity1357 gossiphood1506 cognationa1575 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > parenthood > [noun] > relation of godparents or child gossipredc1315 affinity1357 gossipry?1548 gossipship1572 cognationa1575 a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 266 Knit to us neither by consanguinity nor affinity, but by spiritual cognation. a1627 W. Sclater Expos. 4th Chapter Rom. (1650) 140 By spiritual cognation, wherein faith combines us. 1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iv. v. 444 The impediment of spirituall cognation, is stretched so far..as that (what by Baptisme, what by Confirmation) twenty severall persons are excluded from the capacity of inter-marriage. †2. collective. Kindred, kinsfolk, relations. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > relations or kindred > [noun] kinc825 sibOE kindredOE sibness?a1300 kindc1325 affinity1357 cousinagea1382 cognationc1384 kinhoodc1440 kinsfolkc1450 evenkina1500 relation1502 kindsfolk1555 folks1715 cousinhood1748 loved onea1756 parentage1768 concerns1818 belonging1842 cousinry1844 cousinship1865 kinspeople1866 kinfolk1873 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds vii. 3 Go out of thi lond, and of thi cognacioun [L. de cognatione tua], or kynrede. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 80/2 Alle hys cognacion..abode in good lyf and in holy conuersacion. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth i. sig. B.ii^v Go thou forth of thy countre & from thy cognacion or kindred. 3. Philology. The relation between languages naturally descended from a common source, or words from a common root. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages > quality of being related affinity1599 cognation1862 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > derivation > state of being derived from same word conjugation1628 cognation1862 congruence1958 1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 5 It cometh from and hath a near cognation with a word that signifies to build. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xx. 347 What certain Sense they could put upon either of these four Words by their mere Cognation with each other.] 1862 Guardian 23 Apr. 401/3 The great difficulty in all teaching of Comparative Philology is to make people understand the difference between cognation and derivation. 1865 Sat. Rev. 11 Feb. 180/2 Sir William Jones recognises the fact that the relation among all of them is cognation and not derivation. 4. The relation between things derived from the same source or having the same origin, or between those having a like nature or quality (= affinity n. 6a); more loosely, that between things connected with, or naturally adapted to, each other (cf. affinity n. 7); affinity, connection, relation, likeness. (Very frequent in 17th cent.; now rare or Obsolete) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > affinity or closeness cousinagea1398 alliancea1475 affinityc1485 propinquitya1500 societya1513 kindred1528 cognationa1555 affinitive1579 sympathya1586 vicinity1594 affiance1597 contingence1612 contingency1612 congeniality1620 umbilicality1646 consanguinity1651 congeneracy1664 gossipred1674 congenerousness1677 closeness1692 intimacy1720 proximity1762 liaison1809 cousinship1848 affiliation1870 kinship1876 a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 481 The societie, cognation, and consent, which all & euery creature hath with man. 1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions xxxvii. 461 The Eye is fitted to discerne light by the Innate property of light and Cognation which it hath thereunto. a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 223 [They] had a very great cognation with the Galli, not only in language, but in holy Rites and Customes. 1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ (1809) vi. 187 This circumstance of identity or cognation in their original. 1845 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 57 396 How close the cognation of the creature and the critical faculty. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2020). < n.1382
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