† cockaln.

Forms: 1500s cok all, 1500s–1600s cock-all, 1500s–1700s cockall, 1500s–1800s cockal, 1600s coccal, 1600s cockeall, 1600s–1800s cockle, 1700s cock all.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: cock n.¹, all pron. and n.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < cock n.¹ + all pron. and n. (compare later cockall n.); for a possible semantic motivation, perhaps compare quot. 1542 at cock n.¹ 13, also with reference to throwing dice.

Obsolete.

1. A tarsal or carpal bone, esp. the talus (astragalus); (chiefly in plural) such a bone, typically from a sheep or other hoofed animal, used to play either of the games described at sense 2; = cockal bone n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > body and parts of > (parts of) leg or hoof

cockal1562

cockal bone1603

sheepshank1675

fairney-cloots1822

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones > stones or bones

cockal1562

check-stone1587

cockal bone1603

jackstone1678

chucker1760

Jack1863

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 161^v The bone, called in Greke astragalos, and in English Cok all.

1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. H4 A little Transverce bone; Which boyes, and Bruckel'd children call (Playing for Points and Pins) Cockall.

1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 396 See where the cockals (dice) are (vide ubi tali sint).

1694 P. A. Motteux & T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais Wks. I. i. 85 The Tables and Cards, with a deal of Cock-alls, Mumblety-Pegs, and Wheels of Fortune.

2. The tossing and catching game of knucklebones or jacks, played using a set of cockal bones. Also: a game played in the ancient world in which cockal bones marked 1, 3, 4, 6 on four sides are thrown like dice.The second of the two games described here is in Latin called ludus talaris or ludus talorum.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > game of dice > [noun]

diec1330

cockal1586

set1595

straglersc1650

shackle1881

rats and mice1929

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones

morteaulxa1475

martel1481

cockal1586

check-stone1587

guile-bones1606

dab-stone1652

dibstones1692

dibs1736

jackstones1783

Jack1863

knuckle-bone1884

five stones1900

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 416 Lysander..[said] that children must be deceiued with the play of cock-all [Fr. le ieu des osselets], and men with othes.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Tales Dice; also, the game tearmed Cockall.

1625 T. Godwin Romanae Historiae Anthologia (new ed.) ii. iii. xiii. 113 An huckle-bone, such wherewith children play cockall.

1696 B. Kennett Rom. Antiq. (1713) 249 The Greeks and Romans had two sorts of games at dice, the ludus talorum, or play at cockall, and the ludus tessararum, or what we call dice.

1820 W. Tooke in tr. Lucian Lucian of Samosata I. 549 (note) Some games that were in use at Athens, as dice, cockal, odd and even.

1843 C. H. Town tr. E. Sue Myst. of Paris vii. xxiv. 347/2 When he placed his hands on a table, he seemed..to display a game of cockal [1847 cockle, 1873 cockles; Fr. un jeu d'osselets].

Compounds

cockal bone n. a tarsal or carpal bone, esp. the talus (astragalus); (chiefly in plural) such a bone, typically from a sheep or other hoofed animal, used to play either of the games described at sense 2; cf. sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > body and parts of > (parts of) leg or hoof

cockal1562

cockal bone1603

sheepshank1675

fairney-cloots1822

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones > stones or bones

cockal1562

check-stone1587

cockal bone1603

jackstone1678

chucker1760

Jack1863

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 466 He [sc. Lysander] used to say: That children were to be deceived with cock-all-bones [Fr. osselets; Gk. ἀστραγάλοις], but men with oaths.

1625 T. Godwin Romanae Historiae Anthologia (new ed.) ii. iii. xiii. 115 When all foure cocklebones appeared..all with different faces.

1773 T. Martyn & J. Lettice in tr. Antiq. Herculaneum I. App. 210 On the reverse are four cockall bones, with a sentence proper to gaming.

1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 721/1 The bones of the tarsus in the horse are, 1st, the astragalus, or ‘cockal-bone,’ as it is vulgarly named.

1874 Amer. Cycl. VIII. 825/2 The tarsus consists of six bones, the astragalus or cockal bone, the os calcis or heel bone, the cuboid, the navicular, and the middle and lesser cuneiform bones.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	cockal
释义	† cockaln. Forms: 1500s cok all, 1500s–1600s cock-all, 1500s–1700s cockall, 1500s–1800s cockal, 1600s coccal, 1600s cockeall, 1600s–1800s cockle, 1700s cock all. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: cock n.¹, all pron. and n. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < cock n.¹ + all pron. and n. (compare later cockall n.); for a possible semantic motivation, perhaps compare quot. 1542 at cock n.¹ 13, also with reference to throwing dice. Obsolete. 1. A tarsal or carpal bone, esp. the talus (astragalus); (chiefly in plural) such a bone, typically from a sheep or other hoofed animal, used to play either of the games described at sense 2; = cockal bone n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > body and parts of > (parts of) leg or hoof cockal1562 cockal bone1603 sheepshank1675 fairney-cloots1822 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones > stones or bones cockal1562 check-stone1587 cockal bone1603 jackstone1678 chucker1760 Jack1863 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 161^v The bone, called in Greke astragalos, and in English Cok all. 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. H4 A little Transverce bone; Which boyes, and Bruckel'd children call (Playing for Points and Pins) Cockall. 1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 396 See where the cockals (dice) are (vide ubi tali sint). 1694 P. A. Motteux & T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais Wks. I. i. 85 The Tables and Cards, with a deal of Cock-alls, Mumblety-Pegs, and Wheels of Fortune. 2. The tossing and catching game of knucklebones or jacks, played using a set of cockal bones. Also: a game played in the ancient world in which cockal bones marked 1, 3, 4, 6 on four sides are thrown like dice.The second of the two games described here is in Latin called ludus talaris or ludus talorum. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > game of dice > [noun] diec1330 cockal1586 set1595 straglersc1650 shackle1881 rats and mice1929 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones morteaulxa1475 martel1481 cockal1586 check-stone1587 guile-bones1606 dab-stone1652 dibstones1692 dibs1736 jackstones1783 Jack1863 knuckle-bone1884 five stones1900 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 416 Lysander..[said] that children must be deceiued with the play of cock-all [Fr. le ieu des osselets], and men with othes. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Tales Dice; also, the game tearmed Cockall. 1625 T. Godwin Romanae Historiae Anthologia (new ed.) ii. iii. xiii. 113 An huckle-bone, such wherewith children play cockall. 1696 B. Kennett Rom. Antiq. (1713) 249 The Greeks and Romans had two sorts of games at dice, the ludus talorum, or play at cockall, and the ludus tessararum, or what we call dice. 1820 W. Tooke in tr. Lucian Lucian of Samosata I. 549 (note) Some games that were in use at Athens, as dice, cockal, odd and even. 1843 C. H. Town tr. E. Sue Myst. of Paris vii. xxiv. 347/2 When he placed his hands on a table, he seemed..to display a game of cockal [1847 cockle, 1873 cockles; Fr. un jeu d'osselets]. Compounds cockal bone n. a tarsal or carpal bone, esp. the talus (astragalus); (chiefly in plural) such a bone, typically from a sheep or other hoofed animal, used to play either of the games described at sense 2; cf. sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > body and parts of > (parts of) leg or hoof cockal1562 cockal bone1603 sheepshank1675 fairney-cloots1822 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones > stones or bones cockal1562 check-stone1587 cockal bone1603 jackstone1678 chucker1760 Jack1863 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 466 He [sc. Lysander] used to say: That children were to be deceived with cock-all-bones [Fr. osselets; Gk. ἀστραγάλοις], but men with oaths. 1625 T. Godwin Romanae Historiae Anthologia (new ed.) ii. iii. xiii. 115 When all foure cocklebones appeared..all with different faces. 1773 T. Martyn & J. Lettice in tr. Antiq. Herculaneum I. App. 210 On the reverse are four cockall bones, with a sentence proper to gaming. 1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 721/1 The bones of the tarsus in the horse are, 1st, the astragalus, or ‘cockal-bone,’ as it is vulgarly named. 1874 Amer. Cycl. VIII. 825/2 The tarsus consists of six bones, the astragalus or cockal bone, the os calcis or heel bone, the cuboid, the navicular, and the middle and lesser cuneiform bones. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1562
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