cloacan.

Brit.

/kləʊˈeɪkə/,

/kləʊˈakə/, U.S.

/kloʊˈeɪkə/,

/kloʊˈɑkə/

Inflections: Plural cloacæ, cloacas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cloāca.

Etymology: < classical Latin cloāca (also clouāca, cluāca) underground drain, sewer, in post-classical Latin also privy (from 13th cent. in British sources), cavity in certain animals (1651 in the passage translated in quot. 1653 at sense 2a) < cluere to purify ( < the same Indo-European base as lutter adj.) + -āca, suffix forming nouns.Compare Middle French, French cloaque sewer (c1355; mid 18th cent. in sense 2).

†a. A privy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]

gongOE

privy?c1225

room-housec1275

chamber foreignc1300

wardrobea1325

privy chamberc1325

foreignc1390

siegec1400

stool1410

jakes1432

house of easementa1438

kocayc1440

siege-hole1440

siege-house1440

privy house1463

withdraught1493

draught1530

shield1535

bench-hole1542

common house1542

stool1542

jakes house1547

boggard1552

house of office?1560

purging place1577

little house1579

issue1588

Ajax1596

draught-house1597

private1600

necessary house1612

vault1617

longhouse1622

latrine1623

necessary1633

commonsa1641

gingerbread officea1643

boghouse1644

cloaca1645

passage-house1646

retreat1653

shithouse1659

closet of ease1662

garderobe1680

backside1704

office1727

bog?1731

house of ease1734

cuz-john1735

easing-chair1771

backhouse1800

outhouse1819

netty1825

petty1848

seat of ease1850

closet1869

bathroom1883

crapper1927

lat1927

shouse1941

biffy1942

shitholec1947

toot1965

shitter1967

woodshed1974

1637 T. Nabbes Microcosmus iii. sig. D3 My Mistresse Cloaca had a very stinking breath, before Misackmos perfum'd her.]

1645 G. Wither Great Assises in Parnassus 40 To serve with paper all the Cloaca's, That did unto Parnassus appertaine.

1647 H. Neville Exact Diurnall Parl. Ladyes (Wing N504) 8 His Lordship should serve the Cloaca's at the house of Office, all the dayes of his life.

1777 W. Moore Elem. Midwifery v. 41 Symptoms..such as difficulty of making water, attending with frequent inclinations thereto, as well as to visit the cloaca.

1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida I. xxiv. 249 To every house there is a very neat and clean cloaca.

b. A sewer or drain, esp. the main one serving a particular town or district.Frequently with reference to ancient Rome.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer

cockey1390

gutterc1440

soughc1440

sew1475

withdraught1493

sink1499

syre1513

closet1531

draught1533

vault1533

drain1552

fleet1583

issue1588

drainer1598

guzzle1598

shore1598

sewer1609

vennel1641

cloaca1656

cuniculus1670

pend1817

thurrock1847

sewer line1977

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Cloaca (Lat), the Channel or Sink of a Towne.

1692 W. Bromley Remarks Grande Tour France & Italy 226 Some little Remains are still visible of the Cloaca made by Tarquinius Priscus.

1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 598 The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacæ.

1832 W. Gell Pompeiana II. xiii. 17 The gutter which communicates with the cloaca.

1895 R. Burn Anc. Rome & its Neighborhood v. 131 One of the oldest monuments of Roman masonry is the remaining portion of a cloaca in this district.

1927 Travel Nov. 13 For many years Rome was dominated by the powerful Etruscan dynasty of the Tarquins, who are said to have built the great cloaca, the Servian wall, and the Capitoline temple.

1986 T. Mo Insular Possession (1996) i. 1 Thus for centuries it has fulfilled the functions of road and, as rivers will, cloaca.

2012 Times (Nexis) 4 Dec. 18 The TV crew have finally persuaded me to overcome my fear and to penetrate the cloaca.

a. Zoology. In birds, reptiles, most fishes, and the monotreme mammals: the common chamber or cavity into which the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts discharge their contents. Also: a similar cavity in certain invertebrates.In various vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic animals, the cloaca is also used as an organ of respiration, absorbing oxygen from the water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [noun] > anus

tewelc1386

cloaca1653

nisket1874

1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations vii. 38 This thick sediment; which is distinguished from the other part of the urine,..is not only discernable in the cloaca or sinke [L. in cloaca].

1685 S. Collins Systeme Anat. i. iv. xxxiv. 655 When the Eggs are matured they are conveyed by the Deferent Vessels..into the Cloaca.

1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1578 Immediately under the Skin about the Cloaca , I found a thin fleshy Muscle.

1790 W. Smellie Philos. Nat. Hist. I. 74 These [seminal] ducts terminate in the penis, of which the cock has two, one on each side of the common cloaca.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 7 In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch..and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

1843 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Invertebr. Animals xx. 274 The embryo escapes from the ovum, generally while in the cloaca of the parent, but sometimes after the egg has been expelled from the common central outlet.

1886 Notts. Guardian 4 June 2/3 An offensive discharge from the vent, due to inflammatory action in the mucous membrane lining the ‘cloaca’.

1911 Condor 13 178 The birds are fast livers and they void the cloaca at intervals of two or three minutes.

1971 J. Stidworthy Snakes of World 31 (caption) The male rattlesnake throws a body loop across the female and twines their tails together so their cloacas are opposite one another.

1992 Microbial Ecol. 23 270 Many holothuroids..have respiratory structures attached to the rectum or cloaca.

2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 644/1 This turtle is able to remain under water for long periods because it can respirate through a network of blood vessels in its cloaca.

b. Anatomy and Embryology. Originally: the rectum or bladder or either of the openings through which these discharge their contents (now rare). In later use: the common chamber into which the digestive and urinary tracts open in the early embryo of a human or other placental mammal (cf. sense 2a), which normally becomes subdivided into the rectum, bladder, and part of the genital tract, but may persist if such division does not occur.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > digestive tract

cloaca1726

proctodeum1876

stomodaeum1876

mesenteron1877

stomatodaeum1887

1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones ii. 305 Sufficient Space is thereby left for..the two great Cloacæ of Urine and Fæces.

1758 J. Johnstone Hist. Diss. conc. Malignant Epidemical Fever 1756 40 However highly necessary 'twas, to keep the cloaca of the human body open, that the sordes, which are deposited there,..might be freely evacuated.

1833 H. Mayo Outl. Human Physiol. xv. 410 At the end of the third month the cloaca is divided into the rectum and urinary cavity.

1899 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 33 383 Just before the [Wolffian] ducts reach the cloaca the ureters appear as evaginations from them.

1906 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Med. 13 486/2 A hot saline enema should be administered and sufficient quick-acting salines given to thoroughly empty the cloaca.

1987 M. Cartmill et al. Human Struct. (2001) x. 170 The gut and urogenital organs all empty to the outside through a single opening, via the hindgut dilatation called the cloaca.

2015 A. Peña & A. Bischoff Surg. Treatm. Colorectal Probl. in Children xvi. 232/1 A patient with a cloaca has a very high likelihood of suffering from a urologic condition.

3. Medicine. A passage or opening which allows for the drainage of pus or other similar necrotic matter, esp. any such opening in a bone formed as a result of osteomyelitis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > discharge of putrid matter > passage for or ejector

evacuator1611

cloaca1711

1711 G. Warren New Method curing Venereal Dis. (ed. 2) 11 An inflammation..may become Annual, and not to be heal'd without manifest danger of his Health, being made a Natural Cloaca or Sink for the Discharge.

1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 172 Across this shell [of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacæ [Fr. cloaques] (Weidmann).

1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 352 Canals leading from gangrenous cavities to the surface are called cloacæ.

1900 Western Clin. Recorder 2 10 The discharge of pus and necrotic debris continuing from the medullary cavity openings in the new bone persist, resulting in the formation of the characteristic cloacæ of the involucrum.

1977 Jrnl. Zoo Animal Med. 8 12/2 These were typical sequestra, i.e., they contained an involucrum, cloaca, and sequestrum.

2015 L. G. Rubin & A. M. Jacobs in Osteomyelitis Foot & Ankle xiv. 160/2 Possible osteomyelitis is felt to exist when..an MRI demonstrates bone edema or cloaca.

4. figurative. A conduit or gathering-place for moral corruption, depravity, or impurity; an accretion or collection of unpleasant or disagreeable things. Cf. sewer n.¹ 2b, sink n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > moral foulness > receptacle of moral filth

cloacaa1734

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) Pref. p. ii The Book was a continual Libel, or rather Cloaca of Libels.

1793 S. Whyte Theatre (new ed.) 145 So Mævius erst, that Cloaca of wit, Against the great immortal Maro writ.

1838 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 337/1 The Dissenter must go to those cloacas of the age—those turbid puddles—the Dispatch, the Weekly Chronicle, the Sun, [etc.].

1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets iv. 46 That tremendous cloaca of Pauperism.

1879 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 181 The Stock Exchange has been described..as the cloaca bearing with it all the refuse of mankind.

1933 M. Lowry Let. May in Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 123 I give him three months to cleanse the Augean stables of my consciousness, with its fiendish cloaca of memories.

2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 18 Jan. (Mag.) 56 The cloaca of petrified, florally competitive towns and villages that..stretch up the M40 to the benighted badlands of the Cotswolds.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	cloaca
释义	cloacan. Brit. /kləʊˈeɪkə/, /kləʊˈakə/, U.S. /kloʊˈeɪkə/, /kloʊˈɑkə/ Inflections: Plural cloacæ, cloacas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cloāca. Etymology: < classical Latin cloāca (also clouāca, cluāca) underground drain, sewer, in post-classical Latin also privy (from 13th cent. in British sources), cavity in certain animals (1651 in the passage translated in quot. 1653 at sense 2a) < cluere to purify ( < the same Indo-European base as lutter adj.) + -āca, suffix forming nouns.Compare Middle French, French cloaque sewer (c1355; mid 18th cent. in sense 2). 1. †a. A privy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] gongOE privy?c1225 room-housec1275 chamber foreignc1300 wardrobea1325 privy chamberc1325 foreignc1390 siegec1400 stool1410 jakes1432 house of easementa1438 kocayc1440 siege-hole1440 siege-house1440 privy house1463 withdraught1493 draught1530 shield1535 bench-hole1542 common house1542 stool1542 jakes house1547 boggard1552 house of office?1560 purging place1577 little house1579 issue1588 Ajax1596 draught-house1597 private1600 necessary house1612 vault1617 longhouse1622 latrine1623 necessary1633 commonsa1641 gingerbread officea1643 boghouse1644 cloaca1645 passage-house1646 retreat1653 shithouse1659 closet of ease1662 garderobe1680 backside1704 office1727 bog?1731 house of ease1734 cuz-john1735 easing-chair1771 backhouse1800 outhouse1819 netty1825 petty1848 seat of ease1850 closet1869 bathroom1883 crapper1927 lat1927 shouse1941 biffy1942 shitholec1947 toot1965 shitter1967 woodshed1974 1637 T. Nabbes Microcosmus iii. sig. D3 My Mistresse Cloaca had a very stinking breath, before Misackmos perfum'd her.] 1645 G. Wither Great Assises in Parnassus 40 To serve with paper all the Cloaca's, That did unto Parnassus appertaine. 1647 H. Neville Exact Diurnall Parl. Ladyes (Wing N504) 8 His Lordship should serve the Cloaca's at the house of Office, all the dayes of his life. 1777 W. Moore Elem. Midwifery v. 41 Symptoms..such as difficulty of making water, attending with frequent inclinations thereto, as well as to visit the cloaca. 1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida I. xxiv. 249 To every house there is a very neat and clean cloaca. b. A sewer or drain, esp. the main one serving a particular town or district.Frequently with reference to ancient Rome. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer cockey1390 gutterc1440 soughc1440 sew1475 withdraught1493 sink1499 syre1513 closet1531 draught1533 vault1533 drain1552 fleet1583 issue1588 drainer1598 guzzle1598 shore1598 sewer1609 vennel1641 cloaca1656 cuniculus1670 pend1817 thurrock1847 sewer line1977 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Cloaca (Lat), the Channel or Sink of a Towne. 1692 W. Bromley Remarks Grande Tour France & Italy 226 Some little Remains are still visible of the Cloaca made by Tarquinius Priscus. 1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 598 The Thames, polluted with the filthy effusions of the cloacæ. 1832 W. Gell Pompeiana II. xiii. 17 The gutter which communicates with the cloaca. 1895 R. Burn Anc. Rome & its Neighborhood v. 131 One of the oldest monuments of Roman masonry is the remaining portion of a cloaca in this district. 1927 Travel Nov. 13 For many years Rome was dominated by the powerful Etruscan dynasty of the Tarquins, who are said to have built the great cloaca, the Servian wall, and the Capitoline temple. 1986 T. Mo Insular Possession (1996) i. 1 Thus for centuries it has fulfilled the functions of road and, as rivers will, cloaca. 2012 Times (Nexis) 4 Dec. 18 The TV crew have finally persuaded me to overcome my fear and to penetrate the cloaca. 2. a. Zoology. In birds, reptiles, most fishes, and the monotreme mammals: the common chamber or cavity into which the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts discharge their contents. Also: a similar cavity in certain invertebrates.In various vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic animals, the cloaca is also used as an organ of respiration, absorbing oxygen from the water. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > substance or secretion and excretion > [noun] > anus tewelc1386 cloaca1653 nisket1874 1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations vii. 38 This thick sediment; which is distinguished from the other part of the urine,..is not only discernable in the cloaca or sinke [L. in cloaca]. 1685 S. Collins Systeme Anat. i. iv. xxxiv. 655 When the Eggs are matured they are conveyed by the Deferent Vessels..into the Cloaca. 1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1578 Immediately under the Skin about the Cloaca , I found a thin fleshy Muscle. 1790 W. Smellie Philos. Nat. Hist. I. 74 These [seminal] ducts terminate in the penis, of which the cock has two, one on each side of the common cloaca. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 7 In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch..and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca. 1843 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Invertebr. Animals xx. 274 The embryo escapes from the ovum, generally while in the cloaca of the parent, but sometimes after the egg has been expelled from the common central outlet. 1886 Notts. Guardian 4 June 2/3 An offensive discharge from the vent, due to inflammatory action in the mucous membrane lining the ‘cloaca’. 1911 Condor 13 178 The birds are fast livers and they void the cloaca at intervals of two or three minutes. 1971 J. Stidworthy Snakes of World 31 (caption) The male rattlesnake throws a body loop across the female and twines their tails together so their cloacas are opposite one another. 1992 Microbial Ecol. 23 270 Many holothuroids..have respiratory structures attached to the rectum or cloaca. 2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 644/1 This turtle is able to remain under water for long periods because it can respirate through a network of blood vessels in its cloaca. b. Anatomy and Embryology. Originally: the rectum or bladder or either of the openings through which these discharge their contents (now rare). In later use: the common chamber into which the digestive and urinary tracts open in the early embryo of a human or other placental mammal (cf. sense 2a), which normally becomes subdivided into the rectum, bladder, and part of the genital tract, but may persist if such division does not occur. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > digestive tract cloaca1726 proctodeum1876 stomodaeum1876 mesenteron1877 stomatodaeum1887 1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones ii. 305 Sufficient Space is thereby left for..the two great Cloacæ of Urine and Fæces. 1758 J. Johnstone Hist. Diss. conc. Malignant Epidemical Fever 1756 40 However highly necessary 'twas, to keep the cloaca of the human body open, that the sordes, which are deposited there,..might be freely evacuated. 1833 H. Mayo Outl. Human Physiol. xv. 410 At the end of the third month the cloaca is divided into the rectum and urinary cavity. 1899 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 33 383 Just before the [Wolffian] ducts reach the cloaca the ureters appear as evaginations from them. 1906 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Med. 13 486/2 A hot saline enema should be administered and sufficient quick-acting salines given to thoroughly empty the cloaca. 1987 M. Cartmill et al. Human Struct. (2001) x. 170 The gut and urogenital organs all empty to the outside through a single opening, via the hindgut dilatation called the cloaca. 2015 A. Peña & A. Bischoff Surg. Treatm. Colorectal Probl. in Children xvi. 232/1 A patient with a cloaca has a very high likelihood of suffering from a urologic condition. 3. Medicine. A passage or opening which allows for the drainage of pus or other similar necrotic matter, esp. any such opening in a bone formed as a result of osteomyelitis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > discharge of putrid matter > passage for or ejector evacuator1611 cloaca1711 1711 G. Warren New Method curing Venereal Dis. (ed. 2) 11 An inflammation..may become Annual, and not to be heal'd without manifest danger of his Health, being made a Natural Cloaca or Sink for the Discharge. 1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 172 Across this shell [of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacæ [Fr. cloaques] (Weidmann). 1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 352 Canals leading from gangrenous cavities to the surface are called cloacæ. 1900 Western Clin. Recorder 2 10 The discharge of pus and necrotic debris continuing from the medullary cavity openings in the new bone persist, resulting in the formation of the characteristic cloacæ of the involucrum. 1977 Jrnl. Zoo Animal Med. 8 12/2 These were typical sequestra, i.e., they contained an involucrum, cloaca, and sequestrum. 2015 L. G. Rubin & A. M. Jacobs in Osteomyelitis Foot & Ankle xiv. 160/2 Possible osteomyelitis is felt to exist when..an MRI demonstrates bone edema or cloaca. 4. figurative. A conduit or gathering-place for moral corruption, depravity, or impurity; an accretion or collection of unpleasant or disagreeable things. Cf. sewer n.¹ 2b, sink n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > moral foulness > receptacle of moral filth cloacaa1734 a1734 R. North Examen (1740) Pref. p. ii The Book was a continual Libel, or rather Cloaca of Libels. 1793 S. Whyte Theatre (new ed.) 145 So Mævius erst, that Cloaca of wit, Against the great immortal Maro writ. 1838 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 337/1 The Dissenter must go to those cloacas of the age—those turbid puddles—the Dispatch, the Weekly Chronicle, the Sun, [etc.]. 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets iv. 46 That tremendous cloaca of Pauperism. 1879 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 181 The Stock Exchange has been described..as the cloaca bearing with it all the refuse of mankind. 1933 M. Lowry Let. May in Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 123 I give him three months to cleanse the Augean stables of my consciousness, with its fiendish cloaca of memories. 2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 18 Jan. (Mag.) 56 The cloaca of petrified, florally competitive towns and villages that..stretch up the M40 to the benighted badlands of the Cotswolds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1645
随便看	lavender-coloured lavender-grey lavender-growing lavender-hued lavender-scented lavender-sugar lavender-water lavenderblue lavenderbrown lavendercoloured lavendered lavendergrey lavendergrowing lavenderhued lavendering lavenders lavenderscented lavendersugar lavenderwater lavendery lavendry lavendulan lavendulite lavenite laventine