Etymology: Cognate with early modern Dutch kodde testicle (1599 in Kiliaan, in isolated attestation), and further with the Scandinavian forms cited at cod n.³ (which is borrowed from these), and probably also with Middle Dutch codde (Dutch kodde ) in the sense ‘club’ (compare codd n.¹); probably < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of Old English cēod bag, pouch, Old High German kiot pouch (see note); further etymology uncertain and disputed. Compare post-classical Latin coddus in the sense ‘bag, measure of grain’ (from 1158 in British sources; < English). Perhaps compare kid n.³, kid v.³Although Old English cēod is rare and its attestations disputed, evidence for the same base in continental West Germanic languages is more plentiful; in addition to Old High German kiot , compare the derivative formations Middle Dutch cūdele cod end, cod net (Dutch kuil ), Middle Low German küdel bag, container (also used in fishing), Middle High German kiutel dewlap (German Keutel in the specific senses ‘fish net, bowel, swelling’, now regional); compare -le suffix. With the use of these derivatives with reference to fishing nets compare sense 5 and cod end n., cod net n. at Compounds.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps shortened from codling n.¹, and hence perhaps ultimately related to cod n.¹ (see discussion at codling n.¹).codling n.¹ is the usual name for the fish in Middle English, while cod n.² is attested relatively infrequently, and has a more restricted regional distribution. Compare also the discussion of the early surname evidence at codfish n. Perhaps compare also Orkney and Shetland Scots cooth (also coothin ) young saithe (1793: see cooth n.), probably reflecting an unattested Norn cognate of Icelandic kóð small fry (18th cent.), Norwegian kot small fry, (also specifically) young saithe, young trout, Swedish regional kod small fry, (also specifically) young saithe (compare also the related Norwegian regional kjøda , (Nynorsk) kjøe trout); further etymology uncertain. Scottish Gaelic cudaig , cudainn , both in the sense ‘young saithe’ (see cuddy n.³ 2 and cudden n. 2a), perhaps show a borrowing < the same Scandinavian base.

Etymology: Apparently < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic koddi pillow, (in a late source) testicle, Old Swedish koddar (plural) testicles (Swedish regional kodd , kodde testicle, Swedish kudde cushion, in regional use also in the sense ‘pea pod’), Old Danish koddæ testicle (Danish kodde testicle (now chiefly regional), in regional use also in the sense ‘pod of a legume’, in early modern Danish also in the sense ‘pillow’) < the same Germanic base as cod n.¹). Compare (with a second element apparently of Scandinavian origin) codbere n., codware n.² Compare cod n.¹ Earlier currency in sense 1 is implied by post-classical Latin coddus, codda in the sense ‘metal cushioning or supporting piece, especially in windmills’ (from 1320 in British sources).With the sense ‘testicle’ in early Scandinavian compare cod n.¹ 3a. The sense ‘pillow’ is apparently only attested in the Scandinavian languages, and is apparently to be explained as a development from the original sense ‘bag’ (compare cod n.¹ 1a), with the pillow regarded as a closed bag containing stuffing. Sense 1 was originally an extended use of the sense ‘pillow’, with reference to the cushioning function of the piece that supports the axle.

Etymology: Euphemistic alteration of god n. Compare Cuds n., quods int., cots n., ecod int.Forms of god n. showing devoicing of the initial consonant are attested (in non-euphemistic contexts) in Old English and early Middle English. In early modern English such forms are common in representations of Welsh English. Compare cod at god n. and int. α. forms.

Etymology: Apparently an extended sense of cod n.¹ (compare sense 3a at that entry).In later use perhaps occasionally showing (or reinterpreted as) a shortening of codger n. (compare codd n.²).

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Either short for cod's head n. (compare sense 2 at that entry), or an extended use of cod n.⁵

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Probably < cod v.²; or perhaps an extended sense of cod n.¹ (compare sense 3a at that entry, and compare pill n.³ 2b, ball n.¹ 12b(a), bollock n. 4b, cobbler n. 1d).

Etymology: < cod n.¹ N.E.D. (1891) gives the pronunciation as (kǫd) /kɒd/.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Probably < cod n.⁶; or perhaps < cod n.⁷ (although this is first attested later). Perhaps compare also earlier kid v.⁴

Etymology: < cod n.² Compare earlier codding n.¹ and codder n.³