coalmousen.

Brit.

/ˈkəʊlmaʊs/, U.S.

/ˈkoʊlˌmaʊs/

Forms:

α. early Old English cummase (perhaps transmission error), Old English colmase, late Middle English colemose, late Middle English collemase, late Middle English–1500s colmose.

β. 1500s coldmouse, 1500s–1600s colmouse, 1600s–1800s coalmouse, 1600s– colemouse.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch coolmese , coolmees , coolmeeus (Dutch koolmees ), Middle High German kolmeis (German Kohlmeise ) < the Germanic base of coal n. + the Germanic base of mose n., with reference to the black markings of the various birds so denoted. The β. forms show folk-etymological remodelling of the second element after mouse n. when the simplex mose n. had become obsolete. Compare similarly titmouse n. In sense 2 used to translate Latin alcedo halcyon (see halcyon n. and adj.), apparently by some confusion (compare colmow n.).The Old English form cummāse (one isolated attestation: see quot. eOE at sense 1), if not simply a transmission error, perhaps shows assimilation of stem-final l to the following m . Because the quot. appears to differentiate between the meaning of the two forms cummāse and colmāse , the former has sometimes been treated as a different word, showing a first element of uncertain origin; however, it is more likely to show an error which arose in the course of the compilation of the Cleopatra Gloss. from different sources. N.E.D. (1891) notes of sense 1 that the name is ‘still very commonly spelt colemouse’, but after about 1840 it seems to have been largely displaced by coal tit and coal titmouse except in regional use.

1. Originally: any of several titmice with black markings, as the great tit, Parus major. In later use: spec. the coal tit, Periparus (or Parus) ater. Now English regional and archaic.In Old English the word frequently renders classical Latin parra (see discussion at parid n.) and its diminutive parrula, and sometimes also post-classical Latin bardioriolus, a bird name of uncertain and disputed meaning and origin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Paridae > [noun] > genus Parus (tit) > parus ater (coal-tit)

coalmouseeOE

tomtit1648

coal-hood1684

mop1688

coal titmouse1766

coal tit1829

eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 18 Parra, cummase. Parula, colmase.

OE Brussels Gloss. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 286 Parra, colmase. Parrula, spicmase.

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 72 Bardioriolus, colmase.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Civ The coldmouse, la messange.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xv. sig. H.iii Tytmoses, colmoses and wrens.

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) vii. sig. Q1 The great Titmouse (which of his colly head and breast some call a Colemouse) is a very harmefull Bird.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. 240 We have observed in England five kinds, viz. 1. The great Titmouse, or Oxe-eye. 2. The Colemouse. 3. The Marsh-Titmouse or Black-cap. 4. The blue Titmouse or Nun. 5. The long-tail'd-Titmouse.

1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. vii. 427 The Cole-mouse,..which of all the five Kinds of Titmice describ'd by Mr. Willughby is the most uncommon. We find it no where but in Woods, particularly those near Pipwell.

1789 G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne 106 The blue titmouse, or nun (parus cæruleus), the cole-mouse (parus ater), the great black-headed titmouse (fringillago), the marsh titmouse (parus palustris).

1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 168 That little dark species the ‘coal’, or ‘colemouse’.

1862 C. A. Johns Brit. Birds Index Cole Tit or Cole Mouse.

1874 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 4) I. 489 Coal Titmouse or Coal-Mouse.

1938 J. Walpole-Bond Hist. Sussex Birds I. 294 British Coal-titmouse. During nest-time the ‘Colemouse’ is essentially an accompaniment of well-treed terrain. [Note] An old-time and quite delightful name for the bird.

†2. = halcyon n. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Coraciiformes (kingfisher, etc.) > [noun] > family Alcedinidae > genus Alcedo > alcedo atthis (kingfisher)

halcyona1393

coalmousea1425

kingfisher1440

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 3 Alcedo, a colemose.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 88 Colmose, byrde, alcedo.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 562/38 Alcedo, a colmose [?a1500 Suppl. a wodewale (i.e. woodwall)].

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 72 A collemase, alcedo.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	coalmouse
释义	coalmousen. Brit. /ˈkəʊlmaʊs/, U.S. /ˈkoʊlˌmaʊs/ Forms: α. early Old English cummase (perhaps transmission error), Old English colmase, late Middle English colemose, late Middle English collemase, late Middle English–1500s colmose. β. 1500s coldmouse, 1500s–1600s colmouse, 1600s–1800s coalmouse, 1600s– colemouse. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch coolmese , coolmees , coolmeeus (Dutch koolmees ), Middle High German kolmeis (German Kohlmeise ) < the Germanic base of coal n. + the Germanic base of mose n., with reference to the black markings of the various birds so denoted. The β. forms show folk-etymological remodelling of the second element after mouse n. when the simplex mose n. had become obsolete. Compare similarly titmouse n. In sense 2 used to translate Latin alcedo halcyon (see halcyon n. and adj.), apparently by some confusion (compare colmow n.).The Old English form cummāse (one isolated attestation: see quot. eOE at sense 1), if not simply a transmission error, perhaps shows assimilation of stem-final l to the following m . Because the quot. appears to differentiate between the meaning of the two forms cummāse and colmāse , the former has sometimes been treated as a different word, showing a first element of uncertain origin; however, it is more likely to show an error which arose in the course of the compilation of the Cleopatra Gloss. from different sources. N.E.D. (1891) notes of sense 1 that the name is ‘still very commonly spelt colemouse’, but after about 1840 it seems to have been largely displaced by coal tit and coal titmouse except in regional use. 1. Originally: any of several titmice with black markings, as the great tit, Parus major. In later use: spec. the coal tit, Periparus (or Parus) ater. Now English regional and archaic.In Old English the word frequently renders classical Latin parra (see discussion at parid n.) and its diminutive parrula, and sometimes also post-classical Latin bardioriolus, a bird name of uncertain and disputed meaning and origin. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Paridae > [noun] > genus Parus (tit) > parus ater (coal-tit) coalmouseeOE tomtit1648 coal-hood1684 mop1688 coal titmouse1766 coal tit1829 eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 18 Parra, cummase. Parula, colmase. OE Brussels Gloss. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 286 Parra, colmase. Parrula, spicmase. OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 72 Bardioriolus, colmase. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Civ The coldmouse, la messange. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xv. sig. H.iii Tytmoses, colmoses and wrens. 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) vii. sig. Q1 The great Titmouse (which of his colly head and breast some call a Colemouse) is a very harmefull Bird. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. 240 We have observed in England five kinds, viz. 1. The great Titmouse, or Oxe-eye. 2. The Colemouse. 3. The Marsh-Titmouse or Black-cap. 4. The blue Titmouse or Nun. 5. The long-tail'd-Titmouse. 1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. vii. 427 The Cole-mouse,..which of all the five Kinds of Titmice describ'd by Mr. Willughby is the most uncommon. We find it no where but in Woods, particularly those near Pipwell. 1789 G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne 106 The blue titmouse, or nun (parus cæruleus), the cole-mouse (parus ater), the great black-headed titmouse (fringillago), the marsh titmouse (parus palustris). 1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 168 That little dark species the ‘coal’, or ‘colemouse’. 1862 C. A. Johns Brit. Birds Index Cole Tit or Cole Mouse. 1874 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 4) I. 489 Coal Titmouse or Coal-Mouse. 1938 J. Walpole-Bond Hist. Sussex Birds I. 294 British Coal-titmouse. During nest-time the ‘Colemouse’ is essentially an accompaniment of well-treed terrain. [Note] An old-time and quite delightful name for the bird. †2. = halcyon n. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Coraciiformes (kingfisher, etc.) > [noun] > family Alcedinidae > genus Alcedo > alcedo atthis (kingfisher) halcyona1393 coalmousea1425 kingfisher1440 a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 3 Alcedo, a colemose. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 88 Colmose, byrde, alcedo. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 562/38 Alcedo, a colmose [?a1500 Suppl. a wodewale (i.e. woodwall)]. 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 72 A collemase, alcedo. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.eOE
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