clinen.

Brit.

/klʌɪn/, U.S.

/klaɪn/

Etymology: < Greek κλίνειν to slope, bend.

Biology.

A graded series of characters or differences in form within a species or other group of related organisms. Also transferred, in Linguistics (see quot. 1961).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > occurrence of variant forms

polymorphism1846

polymorphy1846

heteromorphism1874

polytypism1932

cline1938

topocline1939

polytypy1954

morphism1955

the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > linguistic cline or continuum

cline1961

gradience1961

1938 J. S. Huxley in Nature 30 July 219/1 Some special term seems desirable to direct attention to variation within groups, and I propose the word cline, meaning a gradation in measurable characters.

1949 Brit. Birds 42 133 It may..be found that the characters of a species alter gradually and continuously over a wide region..such a gradation being conveniently defined by the term ‘cline’ introduced by Huxley.

1952 J. Fisher Fulmar v. 75 There appears to be a ‘cline’ in bill-length.

1952 New Biol. 12 16 A gene may vary along a cline in space. As we travel southwards in Europe the genes for dark hair on the whole become commoner.

1961 M. A. K. Halliday in Word 17 249 A cline resembles a hierarchy in that it involves relation along a single dimension; but instead of being made up of a number of discrete terms a cline is a continuum carrying potentially infinite gradation.

1966 J. Ellis in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 81 Between these extremes we might recognize a cline of potentiality/instantiality.

1970 Nature 14 Mar. 1027/2 Demonstration of a cline in gene frequencies provides indirect evidence for the action of natural selection at the locus in question.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† clinev.

Forms: Also clyne.

Etymology: < Old French cline-r to incline, perhaps aphetic for acliner and encliner ; compare accline v., incline v. The 16th cent. writers may have had the Greek κλίνειν or Latin -clīnāre directly in view.

Obsolete.

intransitive. To bow, incline.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)]

styc825

astyc975

alightOE

to fall adownOE

hieldc1275

downcomea1300

sink?a1300

avalec1374

to go downa1375

to come downc1380

dipc1390

descenda1393

clinea1400

declinea1400

downc1400

inclinec1400

vailc1400

fallc1440

devall1477

condescendc1485

to get down1567

lower1575

dismount1579

to fall down1632

down?1701

demount1837

society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient [verb (intransitive)]

bow?c1225

obeyc1375

obeisha1382

clinea1400

obtempera1492

obtemperate?1533

say1588

tell1859

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)]

wryc888

driveOE

drawc1175

rine?c1225

soundc1374

tendc1374

lean1398

clinea1400

movec1450

turnc1450

recline?a1475

covet1520

intend?1521

extenda1533

decline?1541

bow1562

bend1567

follow1572

inflecta1575

incline1584

warpa1592

to draw near1597

squint1599

nod1600

propend1605

looka1616

verge1664

gravitate1673

set1778

slant1850

trend1863

tilt1967

the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > lean over

hieldc888

leanOE

stoopc1000

clinea1400

incline?c1400

acclinea1425

overheldc1450

paunch1577

sway1577

pend1674

list1929

a1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 114 With alle mekenes I clyne to this acorde.

a1400–50 Alexander 1901 Ilka kyng sall clyne [v.r. incline] to my-selfe.

c1440 Bone Flor. 1128 Hyt to falsehed can clyne.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 82 Clynyn' or declynyn', declino.

1499 Promptorium Parvulorum (Pynson) sig. dvi^v/1 Clyne or bowe downe.

Derivatives

clined adj. [perhaps from clive v.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adjective] > having downward direction

nethewardeOE

netherwarda1300

prone?a1425

downward1552

clined1594

down1642

groundward1878

1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iv. 185 Shamefast, and downe clyned eyes.

clining n. and adj. [perhaps from clive v.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [adjective]

clininga1552

sideling1577

sidelong1587

sideland1771

the world > space > relative position > inclination > [noun] > inclination from the level or slope > a sloping object, surface, etc.

clininga1552

slant1655

slope1707

incline1798

inclination1809

angle1840

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 85 Notingham..standith stately on a clyninge Hille.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 24 Bradeford stondith on the clining of a slaty Rokke.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	cline
释义	clinen. Brit. /klʌɪn/, U.S. /klaɪn/ Etymology: < Greek κλίνειν to slope, bend. Biology. A graded series of characters or differences in form within a species or other group of related organisms. Also transferred, in Linguistics (see quot. 1961). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > occurrence of variant forms polymorphism1846 polymorphy1846 heteromorphism1874 polytypism1932 cline1938 topocline1939 polytypy1954 morphism1955 the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > linguistic cline or continuum cline1961 gradience1961 1938 J. S. Huxley in Nature 30 July 219/1 Some special term seems desirable to direct attention to variation within groups, and I propose the word cline, meaning a gradation in measurable characters. 1949 Brit. Birds 42 133 It may..be found that the characters of a species alter gradually and continuously over a wide region..such a gradation being conveniently defined by the term ‘cline’ introduced by Huxley. 1952 J. Fisher Fulmar v. 75 There appears to be a ‘cline’ in bill-length. 1952 New Biol. 12 16 A gene may vary along a cline in space. As we travel southwards in Europe the genes for dark hair on the whole become commoner. 1961 M. A. K. Halliday in Word 17 249 A cline resembles a hierarchy in that it involves relation along a single dimension; but instead of being made up of a number of discrete terms a cline is a continuum carrying potentially infinite gradation. 1966 J. Ellis in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 81 Between these extremes we might recognize a cline of potentiality/instantiality. 1970 Nature 14 Mar. 1027/2 Demonstration of a cline in gene frequencies provides indirect evidence for the action of natural selection at the locus in question. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † clinev. Forms: Also clyne. Etymology: < Old French cline-r to incline, perhaps aphetic for acliner and encliner ; compare accline v., incline v. The 16th cent. writers may have had the Greek κλίνειν or Latin -clīnāre directly in view. Obsolete. intransitive. To bow, incline. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] styc825 astyc975 alightOE to fall adownOE hieldc1275 downcomea1300 sink?a1300 avalec1374 to go downa1375 to come downc1380 dipc1390 descenda1393 clinea1400 declinea1400 downc1400 inclinec1400 vailc1400 fallc1440 devall1477 condescendc1485 to get down1567 lower1575 dismount1579 to fall down1632 down?1701 demount1837 society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient [verb (intransitive)] bow?c1225 obeyc1375 obeisha1382 clinea1400 obtempera1492 obtemperate?1533 say1588 tell1859 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)] wryc888 driveOE drawc1175 rine?c1225 soundc1374 tendc1374 lean1398 clinea1400 movec1450 turnc1450 recline?a1475 covet1520 intend?1521 extenda1533 decline?1541 bow1562 bend1567 follow1572 inflecta1575 incline1584 warpa1592 to draw near1597 squint1599 nod1600 propend1605 looka1616 verge1664 gravitate1673 set1778 slant1850 trend1863 tilt1967 the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > lean over hieldc888 leanOE stoopc1000 clinea1400 incline?c1400 acclinea1425 overheldc1450 paunch1577 sway1577 pend1674 list1929 a1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 114 With alle mekenes I clyne to this acorde. a1400–50 Alexander 1901 Ilka kyng sall clyne [v.r. incline] to my-selfe. c1440 Bone Flor. 1128 Hyt to falsehed can clyne. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 82 Clynyn' or declynyn', declino. 1499 Promptorium Parvulorum (Pynson) sig. dvi^v/1 Clyne or bowe downe. Derivatives clined adj. [perhaps from clive v.] ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adjective] > having downward direction nethewardeOE netherwarda1300 prone?a1425 downward1552 clined1594 down1642 groundward1878 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iv. 185 Shamefast, and downe clyned eyes. clining n. and adj. [perhaps from clive v.] ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [adjective] clininga1552 sideling1577 sidelong1587 sideland1771 the world > space > relative position > inclination > [noun] > inclination from the level or slope > a sloping object, surface, etc. clininga1552 slant1655 slope1707 incline1798 inclination1809 angle1840 a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 85 Notingham..standith stately on a clyninge Hille. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) II. 24 Bradeford stondith on the clining of a slaty Rokke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). > see also also refers to : -clinecomb. form < n.1938v.a1400 see also
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clinen.

† clinev.

Derivatives

> see also