circumferencen.

/səˈkʌmfərəns/

Forms: In 1500s cercumferens, cyrcompherence, 1600s circomference.

Etymology: < French circonférence, or < Latin circumferentia (also linea circumferens), < circum round, about + ferre to bear. The literal sense in Latin would have been ‘a bearing (of anything) about’; but the word arose as a late literal translation of Greek περιϕέρεια rotundity, outer surface, periphery, noun of state < περιϕερής turning round, round, surrounding.

a. The line that forms the encompassing boundary, esp. of anything of a rounded form; compass, circuit. spec. in Geometry. The curved line which forms the boundary of a circle or other closed curve; also, rarely, the aggregate of the sides of a rectilineal figure; periphery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > circumference

compass1340

circuita1382

roundnessa1382

circumference1393

circlea1400

round?a1500

circumstance1509

apsis1601

ambit1655

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 90 The cercle and the circumference Of every thing unto the heven.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) v. i. 70 In the circumference of eueriche of these cercles, was sette a lytel Cercle.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 216^v The Spanyardes and Portugales compased the hole circumference of the worlde.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 3 A circle is a plaine figure, conteyned vnder one line, which is called a circumference.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iv. 77 Wee see the spokes of a wheele to moue faster neere the circumference.

1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 37 Of a Circular Ring, or..the Space included between the Circumferences of two Circles.

1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 309 It thus embraces..the whole circumference of the node.

b. Measure or distance round.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > circumference > measure of

umganga1300

compass1526

circumference1555

circumgyration1651

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 193^v Of greater circumference then the heade of a man.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 1 Two fair eyes..of the circumference of a spangle.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 199 The circumference of the mass of land was nearly three miles.

2. In looser use:

†a. A part of the circumference, an arc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > curve of shape of part of circle

archc1400

bow-line1551

arc1570

bow1594

circumference1656

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > part of circle

arc1570

sextans1596

circumference1656

quadrant1660

quintant1684

sextant1730

octant1753

supplemental arc1754

multiple arc1802

explement1817

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiv. 132 The Crooked Line which terminates [the circle is] the Perimeter; and every part of that Crooked Line, a Circumference or Arch.

†b. The surface of a body having a circular or rounded section, e.g. a sphere, cylinder, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > surface of

circumference1615

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > of a circular or spherical body

circumference1615

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 71 From the Center to the Circumference of the body.

1627 Ld. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 28 In the circumference of his Brain he cannot finde a way to lead him out.

a1727 I. Newton Opticks (1730) ii. i. 194 The Bubble..seemed red at its apparent Circumference.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 39 There is great heat in the bowels of the earth, which is constantly expanding from the centre to the circumference.

†c. Put for the whole circle. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle

rondelc1300

roundelc1300

circlec1305

compass1340

rondelet1385

cerne1393

burrc1440

orba1460

O1492

O1531

circular1575

rotundo1614

rhomb1656

circumference1667

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 286 His ponderous shield..Behind him cast; the broad circumference Hung on his shoulders like the Moon.

3. gen. Compass, bound, enclosure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun]

closurec1420

inclusiona1500

closing1530

circumference1602

enclosure1605

interception1665

enceinte1708

circumclusion1730

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. v. 103 To be Crammed like a good bilbo, in the circomference Of a pack.

1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. ix. 49 A Civil War raging within the very Circumference of her Walls.

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) II. i. 249 Wrapped in the little circumference of a tuft of grass.

4. That which surrounds, environment. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds

circumscription1578

skirt1617

circumference1643

recinct1654

circumplexion1660

circumambient1682

cincture1715

cordon1792

circus1817

clasp1867

girth1871

circumcincture1884

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §51 Every devil is an Hell unto himselfe; he..needs not the misery of circumference to afflict him.

1825 R. Southey Tale of Paraguay ii. 11 A wide circumference of woodlands waste.

†5.

a. A circuit; a roundabout or circuitous course.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > circular

compassc1384

circuit1483

circumferencea1549

compassing1665

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > deviation from straight course

turna1400

circuit1483

circumferencea1549

wrying1592

extravagation1611

extravagancya1616

extravagance1644

deviation1646

outstepping1656

left1675

detour1738

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 209 From Calys I haue set the cyrcuyte or the cercumferens of Europ..and am come to Calys agayn.

c1604 Charlemagne (1938) v. 100 What a lardge passage or cyrcompherence theise prynces make, to come vnto the way which lyes before theire nosses.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. iii. iii. xiv Thus all things in distinct circumference Move about Him that satisfies them all.

1700 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 720 He took a circumference, and came upon the back of their camp and surprized them.

†b. Roundabout process, ado about a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > briskness or activeness > bustle or fuss

to-doc1330

adoc1380

great (also much) cry and little woolc1460

feery-fary1535

fray1568

stirc1595

do1598

coil1599

hurl1603

ruffle1609

clutterment1611

buzz1628

bustle1637

paddle1642

racket1644

clutter1652

tracas1656

tracasserie1656

circumference1667

flutter1667

hurly-burly1678

fuss1701

fissle1719

fraise1725

hurry-scurry1753

fix-fax1768

fal-lal1775

widdle1789

touse1792

fuffle1801

going-on1817

hurry and scurry1823

sputter1823

tew1825

Bob's-a-dying1829

fidge1832

tamasha1842

mulling1845

mussing1846

fettling1847

fooster1847

trade1854

scrimmage1855

carry-on1861

fuss-and-feathers1866

on-carry1870

make-a-do1880

miration1883

razzle-dazzle1885

song and dance1885

to get a rustle on1891

tea-party1903

stirabout1905

whoop-de-do1910

chichi1928

production1941

go-go1966

1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 27 Some Pattents pass with less circumference.

6. figurative. (Usually opposed to centre n.¹ 12, 10c.)

ΚΠ

1605 F. Thynne Advocate in Animaduersions (1875) p. cxi Which [clemency] from the center of your bounty doth spreade it selfe into the circumference of all orders of your subiectes.

a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo in Wks. (1721) III. 167 Grief the circumference was, the centre joy.

1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. ix. 215 To send his glaring eye Beyond the wide circumference of his wo.

1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 430.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

circumferencev.

Etymology: < circumference n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: cirˈcumference.

rare.

transitive. To form the circumference of, to encompass.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)]

befong971

beclipc1000

begoc1000

belieOE

bestandc1000

to go about ——OE

umbegangc1200

behema1250

befallc1275

berunc1275

girdc1290

bihalvena1300

umlapa1300

umlaya1300

umlouka1300

umbegoc1300

belayc1320

halsea1340

enclose1340

umbelapa1350

embracec1360

betrendc1374

circlec1374

umbecasta1375

to give about1382

environa1393

umbeclipa1395

compassa1400

encircle?a1400

enourle?a1400

umbegivea1400

umbeseta1400

umbeliec1400

umbetighc1400

enroundc1420

measurec1425

umbsteadc1450

adviron?1473

purprise1481

umbeviron1489

belta1500

girtha1500

overgirda1500

engirt15..

envirea1513

round?a1513

brace1513

umbereach1513

becompass1520

circuea1533

girtc1540

umbsetc1540

circule1553

encompass1555

circulate?a1560

ingyre1568

to do about1571

engird1573

circumdate1578

succinge1578

employ1579

circuate1581

girdle1582

wheel1582

circumgyre1583

enring1589

ringa1592

embail1593

enfold1596

invier1596

stem1596

circumcingle1599

ingert1599

engirdle1602

circulize1603

circumscribe1605

begirt1608

to go round1610

enwheela1616

surround1616

shingle1621

encirculize1624

circumviron1632

beround1643

orba1644

circumference1646

becircle1648

incircuitc1650

circumcinge1657

circumtend1684

besiege1686

cincture1789

zone1795

cravat1814

encincture1820

circumvent1824

begirdle1837

perambulate1863

cordon1891

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 57 Nor is the vigour of this great body included only in i[t]s selfe, or circumferenced by its surface.

1887 Talmage in Voice 15 Dec. 7 The earth is diametered and circumferenced with discord.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	circumference
释义	circumferencen. /səˈkʌmfərəns/ Forms: In 1500s cercumferens, cyrcompherence, 1600s circomference. Etymology: < French circonférence, or < Latin circumferentia (also linea circumferens), < circum round, about + ferre to bear. The literal sense in Latin would have been ‘a bearing (of anything) about’; but the word arose as a late literal translation of Greek περιϕέρεια rotundity, outer surface, periphery, noun of state < περιϕερής turning round, round, surrounding. 1. a. The line that forms the encompassing boundary, esp. of anything of a rounded form; compass, circuit. spec. in Geometry. The curved line which forms the boundary of a circle or other closed curve; also, rarely, the aggregate of the sides of a rectilineal figure; periphery. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > circumference compass1340 circuita1382 roundnessa1382 circumference1393 circlea1400 round?a1500 circumstance1509 apsis1601 ambit1655 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 90 The cercle and the circumference Of every thing unto the heven. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) v. i. 70 In the circumference of eueriche of these cercles, was sette a lytel Cercle. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 216^v The Spanyardes and Portugales compased the hole circumference of the worlde. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 3 A circle is a plaine figure, conteyned vnder one line, which is called a circumference. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iv. 77 Wee see the spokes of a wheele to moue faster neere the circumference. 1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 37 Of a Circular Ring, or..the Space included between the Circumferences of two Circles. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 309 It thus embraces..the whole circumference of the node. b. Measure or distance round. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > circumference > measure of umganga1300 compass1526 circumference1555 circumgyration1651 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 193^v Of greater circumference then the heade of a man. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 1 Two fair eyes..of the circumference of a spangle. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 199 The circumference of the mass of land was nearly three miles. 2. In looser use: †a. A part of the circumference, an arc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > types of curvature > [noun] > curve of shape of part of circle archc1400 bow-line1551 arc1570 bow1594 circumference1656 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > part of circle arc1570 sextans1596 circumference1656 quadrant1660 quintant1684 sextant1730 octant1753 supplemental arc1754 multiple arc1802 explement1817 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiv. 132 The Crooked Line which terminates [the circle is] the Perimeter; and every part of that Crooked Line, a Circumference or Arch. †b. The surface of a body having a circular or rounded section, e.g. a sphere, cylinder, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > surface of circumference1615 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > of a circular or spherical body circumference1615 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 71 From the Center to the Circumference of the body. 1627 Ld. Falkland Hist. Edward II (1680) 28 In the circumference of his Brain he cannot finde a way to lead him out. a1727 I. Newton Opticks (1730) ii. i. 194 The Bubble..seemed red at its apparent Circumference. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 39 There is great heat in the bowels of the earth, which is constantly expanding from the centre to the circumference. †c. Put for the whole circle. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle rondelc1300 roundelc1300 circlec1305 compass1340 rondelet1385 cerne1393 burrc1440 orba1460 O1492 O1531 circular1575 rotundo1614 rhomb1656 circumference1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 286 His ponderous shield..Behind him cast; the broad circumference Hung on his shoulders like the Moon. View more context for this quotation 3. gen. Compass, bound, enclosure. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] closurec1420 inclusiona1500 closing1530 circumference1602 enclosure1605 interception1665 enceinte1708 circumclusion1730 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. v. 103 To be Crammed like a good bilbo, in the circomference Of a pack. 1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. ix. 49 A Civil War raging within the very Circumference of her Walls. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) II. i. 249 Wrapped in the little circumference of a tuft of grass. 4. That which surrounds, environment. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds circumscription1578 skirt1617 circumference1643 recinct1654 circumplexion1660 circumambient1682 cincture1715 cordon1792 circus1817 clasp1867 girth1871 circumcincture1884 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §51 Every devil is an Hell unto himselfe; he..needs not the misery of circumference to afflict him. View more context for this quotation 1825 R. Southey Tale of Paraguay ii. 11 A wide circumference of woodlands waste. †5. a. A circuit; a roundabout or circuitous course. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > circular compassc1384 circuit1483 circumferencea1549 compassing1665 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > deviation from straight course turna1400 circuit1483 circumferencea1549 wrying1592 extravagation1611 extravagancya1616 extravagance1644 deviation1646 outstepping1656 left1675 detour1738 a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 209 From Calys I haue set the cyrcuyte or the cercumferens of Europ..and am come to Calys agayn. c1604 Charlemagne (1938) v. 100 What a lardge passage or cyrcompherence theise prynces make, to come vnto the way which lyes before theire nosses. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems ii. iii. iii. xiv Thus all things in distinct circumference Move about Him that satisfies them all. 1700 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 720 He took a circumference, and came upon the back of their camp and surprized them. †b. Roundabout process, ado about a thing. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > briskness or activeness > bustle or fuss to-doc1330 adoc1380 great (also much) cry and little woolc1460 feery-fary1535 fray1568 stirc1595 do1598 coil1599 hurl1603 ruffle1609 clutterment1611 buzz1628 bustle1637 paddle1642 racket1644 clutter1652 tracas1656 tracasserie1656 circumference1667 flutter1667 hurly-burly1678 fuss1701 fissle1719 fraise1725 hurry-scurry1753 fix-fax1768 fal-lal1775 widdle1789 touse1792 fuffle1801 going-on1817 hurry and scurry1823 sputter1823 tew1825 Bob's-a-dying1829 fidge1832 tamasha1842 mulling1845 mussing1846 fettling1847 fooster1847 trade1854 scrimmage1855 carry-on1861 fuss-and-feathers1866 on-carry1870 make-a-do1880 miration1883 razzle-dazzle1885 song and dance1885 to get a rustle on1891 tea-party1903 stirabout1905 whoop-de-do1910 chichi1928 production1941 go-go1966 1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 27 Some Pattents pass with less circumference. 6. figurative. (Usually opposed to centre n.¹ 12, 10c.) ΚΠ 1605 F. Thynne Advocate in Animaduersions (1875) p. cxi Which [clemency] from the center of your bounty doth spreade it selfe into the circumference of all orders of your subiectes. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo in Wks. (1721) III. 167 Grief the circumference was, the centre joy. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. ix. 215 To send his glaring eye Beyond the wide circumference of his wo. 1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 430. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). circumferencev. Etymology: < circumference n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: cirˈcumference. rare. transitive. To form the circumference of, to encompass. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] befong971 beclipc1000 begoc1000 belieOE bestandc1000 to go about ——OE umbegangc1200 behema1250 befallc1275 berunc1275 girdc1290 bihalvena1300 umlapa1300 umlaya1300 umlouka1300 umbegoc1300 belayc1320 halsea1340 enclose1340 umbelapa1350 embracec1360 betrendc1374 circlec1374 umbecasta1375 to give about1382 environa1393 umbeclipa1395 compassa1400 encircle?a1400 enourle?a1400 umbegivea1400 umbeseta1400 umbeliec1400 umbetighc1400 enroundc1420 measurec1425 umbsteadc1450 adviron?1473 purprise1481 umbeviron1489 belta1500 girtha1500 overgirda1500 engirt15.. envirea1513 round?a1513 brace1513 umbereach1513 becompass1520 circuea1533 girtc1540 umbsetc1540 circule1553 encompass1555 circulate?a1560 ingyre1568 to do about1571 engird1573 circumdate1578 succinge1578 employ1579 circuate1581 girdle1582 wheel1582 circumgyre1583 enring1589 ringa1592 embail1593 enfold1596 invier1596 stem1596 circumcingle1599 ingert1599 engirdle1602 circulize1603 circumscribe1605 begirt1608 to go round1610 enwheela1616 surround1616 shingle1621 encirculize1624 circumviron1632 beround1643 orba1644 circumference1646 becircle1648 incircuitc1650 circumcinge1657 circumtend1684 besiege1686 cincture1789 zone1795 cravat1814 encincture1820 circumvent1824 begirdle1837 perambulate1863 cordon1891 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 57 Nor is the vigour of this great body included only in i[t]s selfe, or circumferenced by its surface. View more context for this quotation 1887 Talmage in Voice 15 Dec. 7 The earth is diametered and circumferenced with discord. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1393v.1646
随便看	stacked-heeled stackedheeled stacken-cloud stackencloud stacker stacker crane stackering stackers stacket stackfire stackfirer stackfiring stackfreed stackful stackfurnace stackgarth stackground stackguard stacking stacking chair stacking fault start and overloup start anything start blind start codon