circuitn.

Brit.

/ˈsəːkɪt/, U.S.

/ˈsərkət/

Forms: Middle English–1500s cir-, cyrcuyt(e, Middle English–1600s circuite, (Middle English circute, sircuyte, 1500s cyrcute, circuite, cirquet, sercute, 1600s cercuit, syrkett,) Middle English– circuit.

Etymology: < French circuit, < Latin circuitus going round, < circu(m)īre, < circum round + īre to go.

a. The line, real or imaginary, described in going round any area; the distance round; the compass, circumference, containing line or limits.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > circumference

compass1340

circuita1382

roundnessa1382

circumference1393

circlea1400

round?a1500

circumstance1509

apsis1601

ambit1655

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xliii. 12 See the bowe..He cumpaside heuene in the circuyt [a1425 L.V. cumpas] of his glorie.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xviii. 187 Java..is nyghe 2000 Myle in circuyt.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) 1029 The circuit a myle was aboute Walled of stoon and dyched al with oute.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 13^v The circuite or compasse of a triangle is a line composed of all the sides of a triangle.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) i. ii. 30 To weare a Crowne, Within whose Circuit is Elizium.

1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea Advt. 2 The circuit of this Sea..must contein above 1200 miles.

1718 J. Addison Remarks Italy (ed. 2) 153 Shelter'd with a noble Circuit of Woods and Mountains.

1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. lii A rude Circuit of stones, of unknown origin.

†b. concrete. = circlet n., diadem. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery worn on the head > [noun] > coronet or circlet

mindOE

crownOE

diademc1290

coronalc1330

circlea1340

garland?a1366

coronaclea1400

crowneta1425

crownalc1443

chapleta1464

circlet1481

cronet1519

cronicle1569

graundcie1592

anadem1598

coronet1599

carcanet1602

frontlet1610

circuita1616

rosary1651

tiar1660

tiara1718

ferronière1831

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 352 The Golden Circuit on my Head, Like to the glorious Sunnes transparant Beames.

†c. figurative. ‘Round’, ‘circle’. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > [noun] > social group > exclusive

sect1608

circle1646

coterie1738

circuit1752

set1780

in-group1906

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. §4. 29 If a poor country gentlewoman fall within their circuit, what a stock of mirth does she afford them.

1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 206. ⁋8 A feast within the circuit of his acquaintance.

d. A road built or used mainly for motor-racing.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > built or used mainly for racing

circuit1935

1935 G. E. T. Eyston & B. Lyndon Motor Racing i. 4 The idea of ‘closed’ circuits was conceived—that is, courses from which normal traffic is diverted.

1935 Encycl. Sports, Games & Pastimes 421/2 With few exceptions the closed circuit type of race has been the only type to survive... The Ardennes circuit race of 1904 was won by Heath on a Panhard.

1935 Encycl. Sports, Games & Pastimes 423/2 In 1929–30–31 important races were run over a road circuit in Phoenix Park, Dublin.

1955 Times 14 May 8/5 After stewards of the meeting had toured the circuit practising was allowed to proceed.

a. The space enclosed by a given circumference or boundary; area, extent, tract.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > [noun] > surrounded space or extent

compassc1386

circuit1483

circuity1542

boundage1598

modelc1605

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 58/4 On the morn ther laye lyke dewe All aboute in their circuyte.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxiii. f. xxxii A large and great circuyte of grounde, vpon the whiche he shortly after buylded and sette a large and stronge Castell.

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 27 The scites and circuites of all such religious houses.

1590 Earl of Essex in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) III. 82 A great circuit of ground in a very good soyle.

1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 28 The Sound, That fills the Circuit of the World around.

1765 Act 5 Geo. III c. 26 Preamb. All those houses, scites, circuits, and precincts.

1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 139 The pomp that fills The circuit of the summer hills.

b. figurative. Sphere of action, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > [noun] > sphere or scope of operation

circuity1542

circuit1597

orb1598

range1622

sphere1661

circle1664

random1667

purview1688

domain1764

purvey1813

preserve1829

scope1830

demesne1851

coverage1930

space1976

1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange 21 Then may that circuit be counted happie conteyninge so vertuouse an examplar.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 145 If you give me Leave to meddle so far in your Circuit.

Thesaurus »

a. The action of going or moving round or about; a circular journey, a round.

b. A round-about journey or course; a detour.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > deviation from straight course

turna1400

circuit1483

circumferencea1549

wrying1592

extravagation1611

extravagancya1616

extravagance1644

deviation1646

outstepping1656

left1675

detour1738

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) v. i. 70 The spyeres..entercounted to geders in their circute..about the erth.

1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. hviii^v The mown mayd oon turnyng or oon cyrcwt..in..xxvii. days or thayr abowt.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 177 Cyrcvite, a cyrcute, a goyng or compassynge about a thyng.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xix. 6 His going forth is from the end of the heauen, and his circuite vnto the ends of it.

1687 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 405 Bishop Leybourn is going a circuit to confirm the new converts.

1735 J. Swift Let. to Middleton in Wks. IV. 208 The Bell-man of each Parish, as he goes his Circuit.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 263 Either in a straight course, or by some circuit.

a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 113 I devoted many hours..to the circuit of Paris.

1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. viii. 49 Its [the clock's] index or hand ought to perform an exact circuit in the course of a day.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxii. 274 They..could only advance by long circuits.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 407 After completing the circuit of the globe.

c. figurative; esp. of time: Revolution, round. †by circuit: at regularly recurring times (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > cycle of time > [noun]

wheel?c1225

circlec1475

revolution1554

zodiac1560

circuit1601

compass1609

orb?1611

round1652

cycle1662

the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > periodically

termlya1450

by circuit1601

revolvingly1611

tide-wise1611

periodically1646

statedly1658

regularly1665

regular1704

clockwork-like1761

1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. G When the daies circuit is finished.

1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours iii. 149 It is good to give nothing to them that have fits by circuit.

1661 J. Ussher Power of Princes (1683) ii. 235 Many circuits of years I pray you may live.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 119 Fancy, like the finger of a clock, Runs the great circuit, and is still at home.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xx The circuit of changes is completed in the course of a year.

d. Phrases (sometimes influenced by 4), as in †to go, ride, walk circuit = one's round. to †fetch, make, take a circuit: to make a detour, take a circuitous or round-about course. to make or go the circuit of: to go round, go the round of. †to run circuit with (figurative): (apparently) to follow the same lines as, to be concomitant with.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > change course or turn off > diverge from direct course > make a detour

to cast, fet, fetch, go, take a compass?a1500

to fetch a windlass1530

to fetch about1551

to fetch, make, take a circuit1665

elbow1804

detour1836

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > make circuit of

viron1382

compassc1384

umbecastc1400

circuea1450

circuitc1550

circle1582

circum-pass1588

round1591

surround1638

encompass1640

circumvent1840

circuitize1846

to make or go the circuit ofa1876

girdle1901

orbit1946

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 163 To fetch the cyrcuyte about Christendome.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Gv Fetchynge about a circuite or compasse.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings xviii. 6 They divided the countries..that they might goe circuite about them.

1645 J. Milton Colasterion 10 The rest of this will run circuit with the union of one flesh, which was answer'd before.

1656 R. Vines Treat. Lords-supper (1677) 4 The destroying angel, that rode circuit that night.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 295 Verdugo..got past the Rhine, by taking a long Circuit.

1751 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) ii. 5 Your letter..after making a considerable circuit to find me.

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xiii. 184 Now the Marquess..‘went the circuit’, that is to say, made the grand tour of the suite of apartments.

1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 407/1 The pedestrian..should make a circuit to the left.

a1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches II. i. i. 5 Making a circuit of the neighbouring towns.

e. A course or round of various athletic exercises.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > course of

circuit1957

1957 S. Duncan & K. Bone Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training (ed. 2) iii. 25 A ‘circuit’ is composed of a series of simple exercises..for development of strength, stamina..agility, and speed.

4. spec.

a. The journey of judges (or other persons) through certain appointed areas, for the purpose of holding courts or performing other stated duties at various places in succession; the visitation of the judges for holding assizes.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > a or the session of a court > [noun] > circuit made by judge or sheriff

eyrec1350

justry1420

sheriff tourn1432

tourn1432

progress?c1450

tourney1451

circuit1503

wayc1503

iter1647

1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 7 §1 The justices of assises in ther cyrcuyte or progresse in that shyre.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxx^v Iudgys ordeyned to kepe a Cyrcuyte, as nowe they kepe the Syzys in the tyme of vacacyon.

1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. B^v What hee spake of either came to him by examinations, or by riding in the circuits.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. vii. 16 He went from yeere to yeere in circuit to Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh, and iudged Israel.

1675 H. Teonge Diary (1825) 95 He goes his syrkett every yeare in the nature of on of our Judges.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 58 They usually make their circuits in the respective vacations after Hilary and Trinity terms.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 637 It was thought desirable that the Western Circuit should not begin till the other circuits had terminated.

1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists iii. 108 The judges and the bar ride the circuit.

1861 Willes in Ex parte Fernandez, 30 Law J.C.P. 338 The law gives to the Justices of Assize during their circuits the aid and control of the sheriff of each county.

figurative.1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 538 When Christ shall go his circuit to judge the World in Righteousnesse.1657 Hinchley in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1872) III. Ps. lviii. 11 A time when God will ride his circuit here in a solemn manner.

b. concrete. Those making the circuit; the judges and barristers; now esp. the latter.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > itinerant or on circuit

justices in eyre1297

justice-errant1528–30

justice itinerant1612

circuiter1654

circuita1715

circuiteer1742

circuit-judge1801

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > barrister on circuit > collectively

circuita1715

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 581 The Circuits went round the Country [of Scotland], as was directed by the Proclamation.

1862 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 30 Aug. 182 The days when the Northern Circuit rode on horseback across the marshes.

1875 A. Helps Organization Daily Life in Ess. 183 A leading member of the Circuit.

c. A route regularly followed by an itinerant entertainer; a number of places of entertainment (theatres, music-halls, etc.) at which the same productions or entertainers are presented successively; a group or chain of theatres, cinemas, etc., under the control of one person or company.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > circuit

circuit1839

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxx. 300 If he only acted like that, what a deal of money he'd draw! He should have kept upon this circuit.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxxvii. 304 It's our reg'lar summer circuit is the West.

1842 Ainsworth's Mag. 2 565 Elliston..became soon the favourite ‘leader’ on the York ‘circuit’.

1889 Cent. Dict. Circuit, a number of theaters controlled by one manager.

1908 Daily Chron. 31 Oct. 1/4 The De Frece circuit of music-halls.

1913 V. Steer Romance of Cinema 112 Chairman of two of the biggest circuits of cinematograph theatres.

1944 Ann. Reg. 1943 345 The 600 cinemas of the Odeon and British Gaumont circuits.

1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 71 It was Jim's job to book bands and send them up to play for anything between one week and three on Duncan's circuit.

5. The district or division of country through which the judge makes his circuit.There are now eight such districts in England and Wales, each including several counties, viz. the Northern, North Eastern, Midland, Western, Oxford, Home or South Eastern, North Wales, and South Wales Circuits.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal power > [noun] > extent or range of jurisdiction > a district > under specific jurisdiction

sheriffdom1385

wardenry1462

the verge (of the court)1529

sheriffwick1535

circuit1574

territoryc1626

Home Circuit1664

hundred-court1671

byrlaw1850

1574 B. Rich Right Exelent Dialogue Mercury & Eng. Souldier sig. Gvi Euerye petye Constable of euerye Parrysh within his cyrquet.

1642 Kings Maiesties Charge to all Judges of Eng. 5 Some of the ablest Lawyers who ride that Circuit.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. iv. 15 Their Countrey they divided into Counties or Circuits, all under the government of twelve Lords.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Justiciary The country [Scotland]..is divided into three circuits, the south, west, and north.

1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life v. 51 In choosing a circuit, a barrister..is bound by his first choice.

6. A territorial division of the Methodist churches, comprising a number of congregations lying around some central town or place, and supplied by a series of itinerant preachers.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant > district of

circuit1766

1766 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) III. 256 The Societies in this Circuit increase.

1791 J. Hampson Mem. J. Wesley III. 73 Every part of Britain and America is divided into regular portions, called circuits; and each circuit, containing twenty or thirty places, is supplied by a certain number of travelling preachers, from two to three or four, who go round it in a month or six weeks.

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 142 A number of these circuits..are united and known as a district.

1885 Minutes Wesleyan Conf. 43 Each of the places mentioned in these Stations..is the head of a circuit.

7. The course traversed by an electric current between the two poles of a battery; the path of a voltaic current.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > [noun]

circuit1746

electric1909

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > [noun] > path of current

circuit1746

1746 W. Watson Sequel to Experiments in Electr. 26 Several experiments shew, that the electrical force always describes a circuit.

1756 in B. Franklin Exper. Electricity (1769) 280 Whether a river..may not be made part of the circuit through which the electric fire passes? instead of the circuit all of wire.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 122 I certainly saw the spark at the time of completing the circuit.

1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 199 With the largest circuit yet employed, their union appears to be absolutely instantaneous.

1870 J. Tyndall Lect. Electr. 2 Interrupting the circuit..Establishing the circuit.

1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. i. 394 Closing a galvanic circuit.

1881 Spottiswoode in Nature No. 623. 546 When the circuit is broken, so that the current is interrupted..the wire resumes its ordinary condition.

†8. Roundabout process or mode:

†a. of speech or expression: circumlocution. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > periphrasis or circumlocution

circumlocution?1518

ambage1532

periphrasis1533

circuition1542

circuit1552

notation1555

compassing1580

periphrase1589

ambush1601

encompassment1604

circumambulation1606

circling1623

perambulationa1652

roundaboutness1810

roundaboutation1812

ambagiosity1819

circumambulating1837

peripherization1926

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Circuit in wordes, ambages.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E3 New tearms of Art, to expresse their own sence, and to auoide circuite of speech.

1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 27 This design of his he draws out in such a circuit of words.

b. of reasoning or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > by roundabout process

circuit1593

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie ii. 98 By long circuit of deduction it may be that euen all truth out of anie truth may be concluded.

1612 J. Donne Second Anniuersarie 28 in First Anniuersarie Thou shalt not peepe through lattices of eies, Nor heare through Laberinths of eares, nor learne By circuit, or collections to discerne.

1836 I. Taylor Physical Theory Another Life (1857) 15 Or at best demonstrate its reality by a circuit of reasoning.

c. Law. esp. circuit of action = circuity n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > a protracted suit

circuit of actiona1626

circuity1641

ganging plea1816

a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 34 The law in many cases..turneth him over to a further Cirquit of remedie.

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Circuit of Action..is a longer course of proceeding to recover the thing sued for then is needful.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Circuit, or Circuity, in Law; a longer Course of Proceeding to recover the Thing sued for, than is needful.

Categories »

9. Pathology. The period of a disease. ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon)

Compounds

C1. Generalattributive.

circuit barrister n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > barrister on circuit

circuiter1654

circuiteer1742

circuit barrister1850

1850 C. Phillips J. P. Curran 82 Egan was then a circuit barrister in good practice.

circuit-commission n.

ΚΠ

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 354 The judges are sure to come and open the circuit commissions on the day mentioned.

circuit counsel n.

circuit-journey n.

circuit-judge n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > itinerant or on circuit

justices in eyre1297

justice-errant1528–30

justice itinerant1612

circuiter1654

circuita1715

circuiteer1742

circuit-judge1801

1801 Deb. Congress 9 Jan. (1851) 902 His travelling expenses were trifling compared with those of the Circuit Judges.

1831 Amer. Almanac 197 The eight circuit judges [of New York state] are vice-chancellors for their respective circuits.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 529 The Circuit Judge was authorised to require immediate decision.

circuit-room n.

circuit table n. (sense 4.)

ΚΠ

1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life I. 66 John Locke..was the very soul of the circuit-table.

circuit-superintendent n.

circuit-work n. (sense 6.)

C2.

circuit-binding n. (see quot.) = yapp n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun]

antiquing1728

royal binding1808

Russia binding1817

gothique1818

half-binding1821

Roxburghe1839

paper cover1843

trade binding1874

tree-calf1879

Grolier1880

yapp1883

cloth-work1885

publisher's binding1885

tree-marble1885

treed calf1892

presentation binding1893

quarter leather1894

quarter calf1896

three-quarter binding1897

library binding1903

circuit-binding1909

publisher's cloth1911

quarter binding1912

loose back1923

open back1923

spring-back1923

spiral binding1949

1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Circuit binding, a style of binding for books having flexible projections of the covers, called circuit edges, that fold and meet so as to close in the edges of the book.

circuit-breaker n. an instrument which at regular intervals interrupts an electric current.

ΚΠ

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 554/1 Rheotome or circuitbreaker.

1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 251 A delicate circuit-breaker..arranged to break the circuit of a telegraph line at the vibration.

circuit-closer n. any device for closing an electric current.

circuit-court n. in Scotland, a court held periodically in the principal towns, similar in function to the English assize n.; in U.S. (a) Federal courts intermediate in authority between the District Courts and the Supreme Court of the U. S. (see Kent Commentaries I, chapter on Constitution); (b) various State Courts so-called for different reasons in particular States.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire > in Scotland

head court1410

stewart-court1475

circuit-court1708

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts in U.S.

General Court1628

county court1639

praetorial1639

precinct court1669

supreme bench1767

Supreme Court1787

justice court1793

oyer and terminer1840

circuit-court1843

chancery1850

1708 Royal Proclam. 11 July in London Gaz. No. 4456/1 We hereby Appoint..the said Circuit-Courts of Justiciary to be Holden..Twice in the Year.

1789 Act of Congr. c. 21 §1 All writs and processes issuing from a supreme or a circuit court.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 17 The Circuit courts have appellate jurisdiction from the district courts. They have exclusive cognizance of offences against the United States.

1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) App. ii. 419 This power of adjudging a law unconstitutional is also possessed by the Circuit Courts of the United States.

circuit edge n. (also circuit fore edge) a flexible projection to the binding of a book.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > fore-edge

face1876

fore-edge1880

circuit edge1905

1905 Westm. Gaz. 4 Apr. 12/2 In vellum binding with circuit fore-edge.

circuit judge n. , a judge of a circuit court; spec. in U.S. the judge appointed to preside alone, or with the district judge, or a justice of the Supreme Court, over one of the nine circuits into which the country is divided.

ΚΠ

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxii. 310 The Circuit court may be held either by the Circuit Judge alone, or by the Supreme court Circuit justice alone, or by both together, or by either sitting alone with the District judge.

circuit-preacher n. U.S. an itinerant preacher serving a circuit (sense 6).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant

rounder1809

circuit-preacher1830

rider1831

circuit-rider1837

1830 E. Williams N.-Y. Ann. Reg. 291 Other towns [of Franklin County, N.Y.] have no settled ministers—Supplied by circuit and other preachers.

1834 J. M. Peck Gazetteer Illinois i. 89 The Illinois Conference [of the Methodist Episcopal Church]..has..fifty-six circuit preachers.

1872 E. Eggleston End of World xxxix. 245 Then he stepped to the door and called in the circuit preacher.

circuit-rider n. = circuit-preacher n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant

rounder1809

circuit-preacher1830

rider1831

circuit-rider1837

1837 J. Cutting in A. Wetmore et al. Gazetteer Missouri 333 When Patsy gets her eye on the greyhound, she'll feel a heap gladder than when the circuit rider comes round!

1838 E. Flagg Far West II. 61 A little, portly, red~faced man..announced himself a Baptist circuit-rider.

1864 Congress. Globe 17 May 2317/3 As peripatetic as a tin-peddler's cart or a Methodist circuit-rider.

1894 H. H. Gardener Unoffic. Patriot 17 He intended to enter the ministry as a circuit rider.

1909 N.Y. Evening Post (semi-weekly ed.) 23 Sept. 5 A last survival was he of the old circuit rider of early Methodism.

circuit-steward n. a principal member in the Methodist circuit nominated yearly by the superintendent.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant > chief

circuit-steward1839

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 142/1 About the termination of every quarter, the ministers, circuit-stewards, etc., meet.

circuit training n. the performance by an athlete of repeated circuits (sense 3e, above).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > [noun]

training1581

work1846

training session1850

overtraining1856

roadwork1856

cross-training1903

groundwork1906

sweat1916

repetition1919

repetition running1955

weight training1955

circuit training1957

interval running1957

interval training1962

repetition training1965

brick1996

1957 S. Duncan & K. Bone Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training (ed. 2) iii. 25 Circuit training has only recently been given some practical development.

1964 Evening Standard 3 Dec. 30/1 We call it circuit training because it consists of a series of exercises..each designed to bring into play a different set of muscles.

Draft additions January 2009

circuit board n. Electronics a board or card for carrying a printed circuit; (also) = printed circuit board n. at printed adj. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry

card1956

circuit board1957

daughter card1964

daughterboard1965

motherboard1965

backplane1972

mainboard1977

PCB1977

board1979

mobo1993

1957 Science 25 Oct. 859/1 Circuit board for ‘breadboard’ circuit development uses 130 conductive cells, arranged in a quadrilateral pattern.

1970 Single Sideband for Radio Amateur (Amer. Radio Relay League) (ed. 5) vii. 205/1 A 4 x 8-inch piece of kitchen-counter laminate, obtained from the local hardware store, is used as a circuit board.

2007 Atlantic Monthly July 64/2 Hundreds of tiny transistors, chips, and other electronic parts are attached to each circuit board by ‘pick and place’ robots.

Draft additions December 2020

circuit breaker n. an automatic, temporary halt placed on stock trading, either in a stock market or an individual stock, typically as a means of inhibiting panic selling or to prevent automated trading processes from accelerating a market run.Circuit breakers are typically triggered when a fall in price of a specified percentage occurs.

ΚΠ

1988 N. L. Brady et al. Rep. U.S. Presidential Task Force Market Mechanisms vii. 66 Circuit breakers cushion the impact of market movements, which would otherwise damage market infrastructures.

2015 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Aug. b1 The stomach-churning drop on the Toronto Stock Exchange Monday morning triggered a rare flurry of circuit breakers that cut trading in individual stocks.

2020 Independent (Nexis) 9 Mar. Although the circuit breaker was able to help the market from plummeting more, it is still shaping up to be one of the worst days on Wall Street in years.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	circuit
释义	circuitn. Brit. /ˈsəːkɪt/, U.S. /ˈsərkət/ Forms: Middle English–1500s cir-, cyrcuyt(e, Middle English–1600s circuite, (Middle English circute, sircuyte, 1500s cyrcute, circuite, cirquet, sercute, 1600s cercuit, syrkett,) Middle English– circuit. Etymology: < French circuit, < Latin circuitus going round, < circu(m)īre, < circum round + īre to go. 1. a. The line, real or imaginary, described in going round any area; the distance round; the compass, circumference, containing line or limits. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > roundness > [noun] > circularity > a circle > circumference compass1340 circuita1382 roundnessa1382 circumference1393 circlea1400 round?a1500 circumstance1509 apsis1601 ambit1655 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xliii. 12 See the bowe..He cumpaside heuene in the circuyt [a1425 L.V. cumpas] of his glorie. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xviii. 187 Java..is nyghe 2000 Myle in circuyt. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) 1029 The circuit a myle was aboute Walled of stoon and dyched al with oute. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 13^v The circuite or compasse of a triangle is a line composed of all the sides of a triangle. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) i. ii. 30 To weare a Crowne, Within whose Circuit is Elizium. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea Advt. 2 The circuit of this Sea..must contein above 1200 miles. 1718 J. Addison Remarks Italy (ed. 2) 153 Shelter'd with a noble Circuit of Woods and Mountains. 1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. lii A rude Circuit of stones, of unknown origin. †b. concrete. = circlet n., diadem. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > jewellery worn on the head > [noun] > coronet or circlet mindOE crownOE diademc1290 coronalc1330 circlea1340 garland?a1366 coronaclea1400 crowneta1425 crownalc1443 chapleta1464 circlet1481 cronet1519 cronicle1569 graundcie1592 anadem1598 coronet1599 carcanet1602 frontlet1610 circuita1616 rosary1651 tiar1660 tiara1718 ferronière1831 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 352 The Golden Circuit on my Head, Like to the glorious Sunnes transparant Beames. View more context for this quotation †c. figurative. ‘Round’, ‘circle’. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > [noun] > social group > exclusive sect1608 circle1646 coterie1738 circuit1752 set1780 in-group1906 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. §4. 29 If a poor country gentlewoman fall within their circuit, what a stock of mirth does she afford them. 1752 S. Johnson Rambler No. 206. ⁋8 A feast within the circuit of his acquaintance. d. A road built or used mainly for motor-racing. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > built or used mainly for racing circuit1935 1935 G. E. T. Eyston & B. Lyndon Motor Racing i. 4 The idea of ‘closed’ circuits was conceived—that is, courses from which normal traffic is diverted. 1935 Encycl. Sports, Games & Pastimes 421/2 With few exceptions the closed circuit type of race has been the only type to survive... The Ardennes circuit race of 1904 was won by Heath on a Panhard. 1935 Encycl. Sports, Games & Pastimes 423/2 In 1929–30–31 important races were run over a road circuit in Phoenix Park, Dublin. 1955 Times 14 May 8/5 After stewards of the meeting had toured the circuit practising was allowed to proceed. 2. a. The space enclosed by a given circumference or boundary; area, extent, tract. ΘΚΠ the world > space > [noun] > surrounded space or extent compassc1386 circuit1483 circuity1542 boundage1598 modelc1605 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 58/4 On the morn ther laye lyke dewe All aboute in their circuyte. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxiii. f. xxxii A large and great circuyte of grounde, vpon the whiche he shortly after buylded and sette a large and stronge Castell. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 27 The scites and circuites of all such religious houses. 1590 Earl of Essex in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) III. 82 A great circuit of ground in a very good soyle. 1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 28 The Sound, That fills the Circuit of the World around. 1765 Act 5 Geo. III c. 26 Preamb. All those houses, scites, circuits, and precincts. 1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 139 The pomp that fills The circuit of the summer hills. b. figurative. Sphere of action, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [noun] > sphere or scope of operation circuity1542 circuit1597 orb1598 range1622 sphere1661 circle1664 random1667 purview1688 domain1764 purvey1813 preserve1829 scope1830 demesne1851 coverage1930 space1976 1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange 21 Then may that circuit be counted happie conteyninge so vertuouse an examplar. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 145 If you give me Leave to meddle so far in your Circuit. 3. Thesaurus » a. The action of going or moving round or about; a circular journey, a round. b. A round-about journey or course; a detour. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun] > deviation from straight course turna1400 circuit1483 circumferencea1549 wrying1592 extravagation1611 extravagancya1616 extravagance1644 deviation1646 outstepping1656 left1675 detour1738 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) v. i. 70 The spyeres..entercounted to geders in their circute..about the erth. 1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. hviii^v The mown mayd oon turnyng or oon cyrcwt..in..xxvii. days or thayr abowt. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 177 Cyrcvite, a cyrcute, a goyng or compassynge about a thyng. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xix. 6 His going forth is from the end of the heauen, and his circuite vnto the ends of it. View more context for this quotation 1687 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 405 Bishop Leybourn is going a circuit to confirm the new converts. 1735 J. Swift Let. to Middleton in Wks. IV. 208 The Bell-man of each Parish, as he goes his Circuit. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 263 Either in a straight course, or by some circuit. a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 113 I devoted many hours..to the circuit of Paris. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. viii. 49 Its [the clock's] index or hand ought to perform an exact circuit in the course of a day. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxii. 274 They..could only advance by long circuits. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 407 After completing the circuit of the globe. c. figurative; esp. of time: Revolution, round. †by circuit: at regularly recurring times (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > cycle of time > [noun] wheel?c1225 circlec1475 revolution1554 zodiac1560 circuit1601 compass1609 orb?1611 round1652 cycle1662 the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > periodically termlya1450 by circuit1601 revolvingly1611 tide-wise1611 periodically1646 statedly1658 regularly1665 regular1704 clockwork-like1761 1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. G When the daies circuit is finished. 1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours iii. 149 It is good to give nothing to them that have fits by circuit. 1661 J. Ussher Power of Princes (1683) ii. 235 Many circuits of years I pray you may live. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 119 Fancy, like the finger of a clock, Runs the great circuit, and is still at home. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xx The circuit of changes is completed in the course of a year. d. Phrases (sometimes influenced by 4), as in †to go, ride, walk circuit = one's round. to †fetch, make, take a circuit: to make a detour, take a circuitous or round-about course. to make or go the circuit of: to go round, go the round of. †to run circuit with (figurative): (apparently) to follow the same lines as, to be concomitant with. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > change course or turn off > diverge from direct course > make a detour to cast, fet, fetch, go, take a compass?a1500 to fetch a windlass1530 to fetch about1551 to fetch, make, take a circuit1665 elbow1804 detour1836 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > make circuit of viron1382 compassc1384 umbecastc1400 circuea1450 circuitc1550 circle1582 circum-pass1588 round1591 surround1638 encompass1640 circumvent1840 circuitize1846 to make or go the circuit ofa1876 girdle1901 orbit1946 a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 163 To fetch the cyrcuyte about Christendome. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Gv Fetchynge about a circuite or compasse. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings xviii. 6 They divided the countries..that they might goe circuite about them. 1645 J. Milton Colasterion 10 The rest of this will run circuit with the union of one flesh, which was answer'd before. 1656 R. Vines Treat. Lords-supper (1677) 4 The destroying angel, that rode circuit that night. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 295 Verdugo..got past the Rhine, by taking a long Circuit. 1751 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) ii. 5 Your letter..after making a considerable circuit to find me. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xiii. 184 Now the Marquess..‘went the circuit’, that is to say, made the grand tour of the suite of apartments. 1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 407/1 The pedestrian..should make a circuit to the left. a1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches II. i. i. 5 Making a circuit of the neighbouring towns. e. A course or round of various athletic exercises. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > course of circuit1957 1957 S. Duncan & K. Bone Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training (ed. 2) iii. 25 A ‘circuit’ is composed of a series of simple exercises..for development of strength, stamina..agility, and speed. 4. spec. a. The journey of judges (or other persons) through certain appointed areas, for the purpose of holding courts or performing other stated duties at various places in succession; the visitation of the judges for holding assizes. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > a or the session of a court > [noun] > circuit made by judge or sheriff eyrec1350 justry1420 sheriff tourn1432 tourn1432 progress?c1450 tourney1451 circuit1503 wayc1503 iter1647 1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 7 §1 The justices of assises in ther cyrcuyte or progresse in that shyre. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxx^v Iudgys ordeyned to kepe a Cyrcuyte, as nowe they kepe the Syzys in the tyme of vacacyon. 1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. B^v What hee spake of either came to him by examinations, or by riding in the circuits. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. vii. 16 He went from yeere to yeere in circuit to Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh, and iudged Israel. View more context for this quotation 1675 H. Teonge Diary (1825) 95 He goes his syrkett every yeare in the nature of on of our Judges. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 58 They usually make their circuits in the respective vacations after Hilary and Trinity terms. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 637 It was thought desirable that the Western Circuit should not begin till the other circuits had terminated. 1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists iii. 108 The judges and the bar ride the circuit. 1861 Willes in Ex parte Fernandez, 30 Law J.C.P. 338 The law gives to the Justices of Assize during their circuits the aid and control of the sheriff of each county. figurative.1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 538 When Christ shall go his circuit to judge the World in Righteousnesse.1657 Hinchley in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1872) III. Ps. lviii. 11 A time when God will ride his circuit here in a solemn manner. b. concrete. Those making the circuit; the judges and barristers; now esp. the latter. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > itinerant or on circuit justices in eyre1297 justice-errant1528–30 justice itinerant1612 circuiter1654 circuita1715 circuiteer1742 circuit-judge1801 society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > barrister on circuit > collectively circuita1715 a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 581 The Circuits went round the Country [of Scotland], as was directed by the Proclamation. 1862 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 30 Aug. 182 The days when the Northern Circuit rode on horseback across the marshes. 1875 A. Helps Organization Daily Life in Ess. 183 A leading member of the Circuit. c. A route regularly followed by an itinerant entertainer; a number of places of entertainment (theatres, music-halls, etc.) at which the same productions or entertainers are presented successively; a group or chain of theatres, cinemas, etc., under the control of one person or company. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > circuit circuit1839 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxx. 300 If he only acted like that, what a deal of money he'd draw! He should have kept upon this circuit. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxxvii. 304 It's our reg'lar summer circuit is the West. 1842 Ainsworth's Mag. 2 565 Elliston..became soon the favourite ‘leader’ on the York ‘circuit’. 1889 Cent. Dict. Circuit, a number of theaters controlled by one manager. 1908 Daily Chron. 31 Oct. 1/4 The De Frece circuit of music-halls. 1913 V. Steer Romance of Cinema 112 Chairman of two of the biggest circuits of cinematograph theatres. 1944 Ann. Reg. 1943 345 The 600 cinemas of the Odeon and British Gaumont circuits. 1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 71 It was Jim's job to book bands and send them up to play for anything between one week and three on Duncan's circuit. 5. The district or division of country through which the judge makes his circuit.There are now eight such districts in England and Wales, each including several counties, viz. the Northern, North Eastern, Midland, Western, Oxford, Home or South Eastern, North Wales, and South Wales Circuits. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal power > [noun] > extent or range of jurisdiction > a district > under specific jurisdiction sheriffdom1385 wardenry1462 the verge (of the court)1529 sheriffwick1535 circuit1574 territoryc1626 Home Circuit1664 hundred-court1671 byrlaw1850 1574 B. Rich Right Exelent Dialogue Mercury & Eng. Souldier sig. Gvi Euerye petye Constable of euerye Parrysh within his cyrquet. 1642 Kings Maiesties Charge to all Judges of Eng. 5 Some of the ablest Lawyers who ride that Circuit. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. iv. 15 Their Countrey they divided into Counties or Circuits, all under the government of twelve Lords. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Justiciary The country [Scotland]..is divided into three circuits, the south, west, and north. 1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life v. 51 In choosing a circuit, a barrister..is bound by his first choice. 6. A territorial division of the Methodist churches, comprising a number of congregations lying around some central town or place, and supplied by a series of itinerant preachers. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant > district of circuit1766 1766 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) III. 256 The Societies in this Circuit increase. 1791 J. Hampson Mem. J. Wesley III. 73 Every part of Britain and America is divided into regular portions, called circuits; and each circuit, containing twenty or thirty places, is supplied by a certain number of travelling preachers, from two to three or four, who go round it in a month or six weeks. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 142 A number of these circuits..are united and known as a district. 1885 Minutes Wesleyan Conf. 43 Each of the places mentioned in these Stations..is the head of a circuit. 7. The course traversed by an electric current between the two poles of a battery; the path of a voltaic current. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > [noun] circuit1746 electric1909 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > [noun] > path of current circuit1746 1746 W. Watson Sequel to Experiments in Electr. 26 Several experiments shew, that the electrical force always describes a circuit. 1756 in B. Franklin Exper. Electricity (1769) 280 Whether a river..may not be made part of the circuit through which the electric fire passes? instead of the circuit all of wire. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 122 I certainly saw the spark at the time of completing the circuit. 1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 199 With the largest circuit yet employed, their union appears to be absolutely instantaneous. 1870 J. Tyndall Lect. Electr. 2 Interrupting the circuit..Establishing the circuit. 1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. i. 394 Closing a galvanic circuit. 1881 Spottiswoode in Nature No. 623. 546 When the circuit is broken, so that the current is interrupted..the wire resumes its ordinary condition. †8. Roundabout process or mode: †a. of speech or expression: circumlocution. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > periphrasis or circumlocution circumlocution?1518 ambage1532 periphrasis1533 circuition1542 circuit1552 notation1555 compassing1580 periphrase1589 ambush1601 encompassment1604 circumambulation1606 circling1623 perambulationa1652 roundaboutness1810 roundaboutation1812 ambagiosity1819 circumambulating1837 peripherization1926 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Circuit in wordes, ambages. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. E3 New tearms of Art, to expresse their own sence, and to auoide circuite of speech. View more context for this quotation 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 27 This design of his he draws out in such a circuit of words. b. of reasoning or the like. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > by roundabout process circuit1593 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie ii. 98 By long circuit of deduction it may be that euen all truth out of anie truth may be concluded. 1612 J. Donne Second Anniuersarie 28 in First Anniuersarie Thou shalt not peepe through lattices of eies, Nor heare through Laberinths of eares, nor learne By circuit, or collections to discerne. 1836 I. Taylor Physical Theory Another Life (1857) 15 Or at best demonstrate its reality by a circuit of reasoning. c. Law. esp. circuit of action = circuity n. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > a protracted suit circuit of actiona1626 circuity1641 ganging plea1816 a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 34 The law in many cases..turneth him over to a further Cirquit of remedie. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Circuit of Action..is a longer course of proceeding to recover the thing sued for then is needful. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Circuit, or Circuity, in Law; a longer Course of Proceeding to recover the Thing sued for, than is needful. Categories » 9. Pathology. The period of a disease. ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon) Compounds C1. Generalattributive. a. circuit barrister n. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > barrister on circuit circuiter1654 circuiteer1742 circuit barrister1850 1850 C. Phillips J. P. Curran 82 Egan was then a circuit barrister in good practice. circuit-commission n. ΚΠ 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 354 The judges are sure to come and open the circuit commissions on the day mentioned. circuit counsel n. circuit-journey n. circuit-judge n. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > itinerant or on circuit justices in eyre1297 justice-errant1528–30 justice itinerant1612 circuiter1654 circuita1715 circuiteer1742 circuit-judge1801 1801 Deb. Congress 9 Jan. (1851) 902 His travelling expenses were trifling compared with those of the Circuit Judges. 1831 Amer. Almanac 197 The eight circuit judges [of New York state] are vice-chancellors for their respective circuits. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 529 The Circuit Judge was authorised to require immediate decision. circuit-room n. circuit table n. (sense 4.) ΚΠ 1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life I. 66 John Locke..was the very soul of the circuit-table. b. circuit-superintendent n. circuit-work n. (sense 6.) C2. circuit-binding n. (see quot.) = yapp n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > manufacture or production of books > book-binding > type of binding > [noun] antiquing1728 royal binding1808 Russia binding1817 gothique1818 half-binding1821 Roxburghe1839 paper cover1843 trade binding1874 tree-calf1879 Grolier1880 yapp1883 cloth-work1885 publisher's binding1885 tree-marble1885 treed calf1892 presentation binding1893 quarter leather1894 quarter calf1896 three-quarter binding1897 library binding1903 circuit-binding1909 publisher's cloth1911 quarter binding1912 loose back1923 open back1923 spring-back1923 spiral binding1949 1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Circuit binding, a style of binding for books having flexible projections of the covers, called circuit edges, that fold and meet so as to close in the edges of the book. circuit-breaker n. an instrument which at regular intervals interrupts an electric current. ΚΠ 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 554/1 Rheotome or circuitbreaker. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 251 A delicate circuit-breaker..arranged to break the circuit of a telegraph line at the vibration. circuit-closer n. any device for closing an electric current. circuit-court n. in Scotland, a court held periodically in the principal towns, similar in function to the English assize n.; in U.S. (a) Federal courts intermediate in authority between the District Courts and the Supreme Court of the U. S. (see Kent Commentaries I, chapter on Constitution); (b) various State Courts so-called for different reasons in particular States. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of shire or part of shire > in Scotland head court1410 stewart-court1475 circuit-court1708 society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts in U.S. General Court1628 county court1639 praetorial1639 precinct court1669 supreme bench1767 Supreme Court1787 justice court1793 oyer and terminer1840 circuit-court1843 chancery1850 1708 Royal Proclam. 11 July in London Gaz. No. 4456/1 We hereby Appoint..the said Circuit-Courts of Justiciary to be Holden..Twice in the Year. 1789 Act of Congr. c. 21 §1 All writs and processes issuing from a supreme or a circuit court. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 17 The Circuit courts have appellate jurisdiction from the district courts. They have exclusive cognizance of offences against the United States. 1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) App. ii. 419 This power of adjudging a law unconstitutional is also possessed by the Circuit Courts of the United States. circuit edge n. (also circuit fore edge) a flexible projection to the binding of a book. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > fore-edge face1876 fore-edge1880 circuit edge1905 1905 Westm. Gaz. 4 Apr. 12/2 In vellum binding with circuit fore-edge. circuit judge n. , a judge of a circuit court; spec. in U.S. the judge appointed to preside alone, or with the district judge, or a justice of the Supreme Court, over one of the nine circuits into which the country is divided. ΚΠ 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxii. 310 The Circuit court may be held either by the Circuit Judge alone, or by the Supreme court Circuit justice alone, or by both together, or by either sitting alone with the District judge. circuit-preacher n. U.S. an itinerant preacher serving a circuit (sense 6). ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant rounder1809 circuit-preacher1830 rider1831 circuit-rider1837 1830 E. Williams N.-Y. Ann. Reg. 291 Other towns [of Franklin County, N.Y.] have no settled ministers—Supplied by circuit and other preachers. 1834 J. M. Peck Gazetteer Illinois i. 89 The Illinois Conference [of the Methodist Episcopal Church]..has..fifty-six circuit preachers. 1872 E. Eggleston End of World xxxix. 245 Then he stepped to the door and called in the circuit preacher. circuit-rider n. = circuit-preacher n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant rounder1809 circuit-preacher1830 rider1831 circuit-rider1837 1837 J. Cutting in A. Wetmore et al. Gazetteer Missouri 333 When Patsy gets her eye on the greyhound, she'll feel a heap gladder than when the circuit rider comes round! 1838 E. Flagg Far West II. 61 A little, portly, red~faced man..announced himself a Baptist circuit-rider. 1864 Congress. Globe 17 May 2317/3 As peripatetic as a tin-peddler's cart or a Methodist circuit-rider. 1894 H. H. Gardener Unoffic. Patriot 17 He intended to enter the ministry as a circuit rider. 1909 N.Y. Evening Post (semi-weekly ed.) 23 Sept. 5 A last survival was he of the old circuit rider of early Methodism. circuit-steward n. a principal member in the Methodist circuit nominated yearly by the superintendent. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > preacher > [noun] > Methodist itinerant > chief circuit-steward1839 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 142/1 About the termination of every quarter, the ministers, circuit-stewards, etc., meet. circuit training n. the performance by an athlete of repeated circuits (sense 3e, above). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > [noun] training1581 work1846 training session1850 overtraining1856 roadwork1856 cross-training1903 groundwork1906 sweat1916 repetition1919 repetition running1955 weight training1955 circuit training1957 interval running1957 interval training1962 repetition training1965 brick1996 1957 S. Duncan & K. Bone Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training (ed. 2) iii. 25 Circuit training has only recently been given some practical development. 1964 Evening Standard 3 Dec. 30/1 We call it circuit training because it consists of a series of exercises..each designed to bring into play a different set of muscles. Draft additions January 2009 circuit board n. Electronics a board or card for carrying a printed circuit; (also) = printed circuit board n. at printed adj. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry card1956 circuit board1957 daughter card1964 daughterboard1965 motherboard1965 backplane1972 mainboard1977 PCB1977 board1979 mobo1993 1957 Science 25 Oct. 859/1 Circuit board for ‘breadboard’ circuit development uses 130 conductive cells, arranged in a quadrilateral pattern. 1970 Single Sideband for Radio Amateur (Amer. Radio Relay League) (ed. 5) vii. 205/1 A 4 x 8-inch piece of kitchen-counter laminate, obtained from the local hardware store, is used as a circuit board. 2007 Atlantic Monthly July 64/2 Hundreds of tiny transistors, chips, and other electronic parts are attached to each circuit board by ‘pick and place’ robots. Draft additions December 2020 circuit breaker n. an automatic, temporary halt placed on stock trading, either in a stock market or an individual stock, typically as a means of inhibiting panic selling or to prevent automated trading processes from accelerating a market run.Circuit breakers are typically triggered when a fall in price of a specified percentage occurs. ΚΠ 1988 N. L. Brady et al. Rep. U.S. Presidential Task Force Market Mechanisms vii. 66 Circuit breakers cushion the impact of market movements, which would otherwise damage market infrastructures. 2015 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Aug. b1 The stomach-churning drop on the Toronto Stock Exchange Monday morning triggered a rare flurry of circuit breakers that cut trading in individual stocks. 2020 Independent (Nexis) 9 Mar. Although the circuit breaker was able to help the market from plummeting more, it is still shaping up to be one of the worst days on Wall Street in years. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022). circuitv. Brit. /ˈsəːkɪt/, U.S. /ˈsərkət/ Etymology: < circuit n. 1. a. transitive. To go, pass, move, or travel round; to make the circuit of, compass about. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement in circle or curve > cause to move in circle or curve [verb (transitive)] > move in circle round something umgoa1300 compassc1384 gyrec1420 environ?a1425 circuitc1550 revolve1559 circle1582 to put (also make, cast) a girdle (round) about1600 encirclea1616 encompass1640 whirla1657 circulate1685 gird1688 circumgyrate1868 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > make circuit of viron1382 compassc1384 umbecastc1400 circuea1450 circuitc1550 circle1582 circum-pass1588 round1591 surround1638 encompass1640 circumvent1840 circuitize1846 to make or go the circuit ofa1876 girdle1901 orbit1946 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 38 The thyng that circuitis this last tent hauyn or fyrst mobil is immobil. 1601 A. Munday Downfall Earle of Huntington sig. B3 ^v My son, With seuerall troupes hath circuited the Court. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. ix. 45 The Phenicians circuited the greatest part of the habitable world. 1781 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. xxxi. 246 Geryon, having circuited the air like a faulcon towering without prey,..vanishes. 1879 R. A. Proctor Pleasant Ways Sci. v. 119 Some..comet, circuiting the sun in about eleven years. †b. figurative. To compass in thought, circumvent, get round. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > treat cunningly [verb (transitive)] > circumvent or overreach overgoc1275 circumvene1526 circumvent1564 undercreep1592 overreach1594 circuit1614 out-juggle1620 outwit?1630 out-plot1648 overwit1671 Cretizea1673 outjockey1714 to steal a march1771 to get over ——1784 Jew1825 outfox1872 outsmart1926 blindside1968 1614 T. Overbury et al. Characters in Wife now Widdow E2^v He circuits his intents, and seeth the end before he shoot. 2. intransitive. To go or move in a circuit. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement in circle or curve > move in a circle or curve [verb (intransitive)] > move in a circle to go aboutOE whirlc1290 circule1430 circlec1440 to cast, fet, fetch, go, take a compass?a1500 circuit1611 circumgyre1634 revolve1660 circulate1672 orba1821 circumvolve1841 to loop the loop1902 orbit1948 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 40 The sune circuitis and gais about the eird euyrie xxiiij houris.] 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. vii. 16 He went from yeere to yeere in circuit [margin. circuited] to Bethel and Gilgal and Mizpeh. View more context for this quotation 1617 S. Collins Epphata to F. T. ii. vii. 264 They must runne circuiting and fetching a compasse about by the Saints. 1690 A. Wood Fasti Oxoniensis I. 31 It did not become a doctor to circuit for an inferior degree. 1708 J. Philips Cyder ii, in Poems (1927) 76 Unless the Cordial Glass perpetual Motion keep, Quick circuiting. 1875 R. A. Proctor Expanse of Heaven 112 The moon as she circuits round the earth. 3. transitive. To form (an electric wire) into a circuit. ΚΠ 1895 [see circuited adj. at Derivatives]. Derivatives ˈcircuited adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > [adjective] circuited1895 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > transmission of electricity, conduction > wire as conductor > [adjective] > forming a circuit circuited1895 1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 758 A circuited instead of a simple overhead wire. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1382v.c1550
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circuitn.

Compounds

Draft additions January 2009

Draft additions December 2020

circuitv.

Derivatives