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单词 chit
释义

chitn.1

Brit. /tʃɪt/, U.S. /tʃɪt/
Etymology: Often identified with chit n.3, but found more than two centuries earlier, and at a time when the latter (if it existed at all) existed as chīthe . Seeing how this constantly renders catulus , we may compare it with kitten , kitling . Compare also the Cheshire dialect chit , Scots cheet ‘puss’, and chitty , cheety a cat. With sense 2 compare kid , cub , whelp applied contemptuously to a child: as, however, sense 1 is obsolete, it is probable that people now often associate sense 2 with chit n.3, as if = ‘sprout’, ‘young slip’; compare ‘chit of a girl’ with ‘slip of a girl’.
1. The young of a beast; whelp, cub; kitten.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young
kindle?c1225
kitlinga1300
child1340
chita1382
birda1398
younga1398
kitten1495
baby1659
piccaninny1824
kit1957
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxxiv. 15 There hadde diches the yrchoun, and nurshede out litle chittes [a1425 whelpis].
c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 624 Murelegus, catus, catulus, [glossed] catte, idem est, chytte.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria ix. f. 109 The lyon with his roryng awaketh his chitt [es] .
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Gatillo A chit, Catulus.
1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 129 That demure and seeming harmless Puss Herself, and mewing Chits regales with us.
2.
a. Applied, more or less contemptuously, to a child, esp. a very young child (cf. kid n.1 5a); a brat.
ΘΠ
the world > people > person > child > [noun]
wenchelc890
childeOE
littleOE
littlingOE
hired-childc1275
smalla1300
brolla1325
innocentc1325
chickc1330
congeonc1330
impc1380
faunt1382
young onec1384
scionc1390
weea1400
birdc1405
chickenc1440
enfaunta1475
small boyc1475
whelp1483
burden1490
little one1509
brat?a1513
younkerkin1528
kitling1541
urchin1556
loneling1579
breed1586
budling1587
pledge?1587
ragazzo1591
simplicity1592
bantling1593
tadpole1594
two-year-old1594
bratcheta1600
lambkin1600
younker1601
dandling1611
buda1616
eyas-musketa1616
dovelinga1618
whelplinga1618
puppet1623
butter printa1625
chit1625
piggy1625
ninnyc1626
youngster1633
fairya1635
lap-child1655
chitterling1675
squeaker1676
cherub1680
kid1690
wean1692
kinchin1699
getlingc1700
totum17..
charity-child1723
small girl1734
poult1739
elfin1748
piggy-wiggy1766
piccaninny1774
suck-thumb18..
teeny1802
olive1803
sprout1813
stumpie1820
sexennarian1821
totty1822
toddle1825
toddles1828
poppet1830
brancher1833
toad1836
toddler1837
ankle-biter1840
yarkera1842
twopenny1844
weeny1844
tottykins1849
toddlekins1852
brattock1858
nipper1859
sprat1860
ninepins1862
angelet1868
tenas man1870
tad1877
tacker1885
chavvy1886
joey1887
toddleskin1890
thumb-sucker1891
littlie1893
peewee1894
tyke1894
che-ild1896
kiddo1896
mother's bairn1896
childling1903
kipper1905
pick1905
small1907
God forbid1909
preadolescent1909
subadolescent1914
toto1914
snookums1919
tweenie1919
problem child1920
squirt1924
trottie1924
tiddler1927
subteen1929
perisher1935
poopsie1937
pre-schooler1937
pre-teen1938
pre-teener1940
juvie1941
sprog1944
pikkie1945
subteenager1947
pre-teenager1948
pint-size1954
saucepan lid1960
rug rat1964
smallie1984
bosom-child-
1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss i. i Priapus..Bacchus' and Venus' chit, is not more vicious.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. vi. i. sig. Mm7 But this lickerish Chit, I see, defeats her plot.
1682 Satyr to Muse 4 Scolding Wife and Starving Chits.
1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 474 While yet thou wast a grovelling, puling chit.
1864 H. Jones Holiday Papers 312 When I was a naughty little chit in a pinafore.
b. A person considered as no better than a child. ‘Generally used of young persons in contempt’ (Johnson); now, mostly of a girl or young woman.
ΘΠ
the world > people > person > young person > [noun]
youngeOE
younglingOE
girlc1300
youtha1325
young onec1384
birdc1405
young person1438
young blood1557
primrosea1568
slip1582
juvenal1598
quat1607
airling1611
egga1616
saplinga1616
chita1657
a slip of a girla1660
juvenile1733
young adult1762
boots1806
snip1838
spring chicken1857
yob1859
kid1884
chiseller1922
juvenile adult1926
YA1974
yoof1986
a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II cccxliv, in Poems (1878) III. 223 Silly Chitts they knew not what Hee mean't.
1694 Polit. Ballads (1860) II. 42 When a Nation submits To be govern'd by Chits.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xi. 106 As for the chits about town, there is no bearing them about one.
a1832 G. Crabbe Poet. Wks. (1834) V. 267 A girl, a chit, a child!
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xii. 107 A little chit of a miller's daughter of eighteen.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. I. 260 To be in love with a young chit of fourteen.
1879 K. S. Macquoid Berkshire Lady 193 He either marries a kitchen-wench, or some chit twenty years his junior.
3. attributive. (Cf. chitty adj.2, chitty-face n.)
Π
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality x, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 255 He was so silly as to like her good for little chit face.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chitn.2

Etymology: chich n., chick-pea, lentil, was in 16th cent. corrupted to chits , which being taken as plural, yielded a singular chit . Sense 3 is entirely doubtful, and may belong to chit n.1 or to chit n.3
1. = chich n., chiches, or chickpeas. Obsolete.
a. plural chits.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > chick-pea or lentil
lentila1325
chicha1382
Cicer1382
till1398
chit1541
chickpea1542
ram-ciche1597
ram's head ciche1601
chickny pea1693
gram1702
garbanzo1712
fasels-
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 90 b Cicer, and the pulse called in latin ervum (in englishe I suppose chittes).
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 90 Lenticula is a poultz called chittes, whiche..I translate peason.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Miiiv/2 Chits, pulse, lenticula.
1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) at Acacia The seede whereof is lyke to chittes.
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xv. 99 Minister chittes well rosted.
b. singular.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > chick-pea or lentil
lentila1325
chicha1382
Cicer1382
lent1382
till1398
chickpea1542
chit1559
ram-ciche1597
fen lentil1601
ram's head ciche1601
lentil-pulse1660
chickny pea1693
gram1702
garbanzo1712
chana1838
lint1888
chana dal1895
fasels-
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 267 A few seedes in the figure of chit or Lentil.
2. A freckle or wart. Obsolete. [compare Latin lentigo < lens.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > wart
wartc725
porre?a1425
wrat1527
chit1552
verruca1565
fig1600
thyme wart1601
soft wart1610
rouncival1655
wartle1659
clavicle1661
thymus1684
warting1756
the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > freckle
freckenc1386
frecklec1400
lentigoc1400
specklec1440
sprote?c1450
fernticle1483
mase1527
chit1552
lentils1558
summerfold1668
summer spot1685
form-speckle1702
ephelis1756
heat-spot1822
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Chyts in the face lyke vnto wartes, which is a kynde of pulse, lenticula.
1743 E. Lye Junius's Etymologicum Anglicanum Chit, idem cum Freckle, Lentigo.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Chit, a freckle..Seldom used.
3. plural. Small rice.
ΚΠ
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 477 3,243 lbs. of ‘broken’ rice, 570 lbs. of ‘chits’ or ‘small’. In the Carolina mills the product is divided into ‘prime’, ‘middling’ (broken), ‘small’ or ‘chits’, and ‘flour’ or ‘douse’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online September 2020).

chitn.3

Brit. /tʃɪt/, U.S. /tʃɪt/
Forms: Also Middle English chitte, Middle English chytte, 1500s chyt, 1500s–1700s chitt.
Etymology: This and its verb of identical form appear about 1600: nothing is known of their history, but it is conjectured that the noun may be a somehow changed descendant of Middle English chithe n., Old English cíð in same sense. But the shortening of the long vowel in such a position, and the change of ð to t, are in the present state of our knowledge inexplicable.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
A shoot, sprout.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun]
sproteeOE
wiseOE
spronkOE
wrideOE
brodc1175
wanda1300
breerc1320
scion?c1335
spraya1387
spriga1398
springa1400
sprouta1400
spiringc1400
shoota1450
youngling1559
forth-growing1562
spirk1565
sprouting1578
surcle1578
chive1583
chit1601
spurt1601
sprit1622
germen1628
spurge1630
spirt1634
brairding1637
springet1640
set1658
shrubble1674
underling1688
sobolesa1722
branchlet1731
springlet1749
sproutling1749
sprang1847
shootlet1889
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xiii. iv The stone or kernell of the Date..hath a round specke..whereat the root or chit beginneth first to put forth.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Malt The Barley..will..begin to shew the Chit or Sprit at the Root-end of the Corn.
1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. Chit, the first sprout of seeds or potatoes. ‘I have set him to rub off the chits.’
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chitn.4

Obsolete name of a bird: the Tit, Titlark, or Meadow Pipit. [So called from its short and feeble note: compare chit v.2 and cheet v.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Paridae > [noun] > genus Parus (tit)
moseeOE
titmousea1325
archangelc1400
hekemose14..
titlingc1550
musken1585
nonett1601
chit1610
tit1706
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Motacillidae > genus Anthus > anthus pratensis (titlark)
titlingc1550
linget1552
lark1602
chit1610
meadowlark1611
cucknel1655
titlark1666
cheeper1684
moss-cheeper1684
old-field lark1805
ling-bird1814
tit-pipit1817
meadow pipit1825
meadow titling1828
furze-lark1854
peep1859
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iv. iii. 83 May-Chit, Spawe, Churre, Peeper..Sea and Land Larkes.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Alouette de pré, the chit, or small meddow-larke.
c1668 Sir T. Browne Wks. (1852) III. 507 The..May chit is a little dark grey bird.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

chitn.5

Brit. /tʃɪt/, U.S. /tʃɪt/
Forms: 1700s chitt, 1700s– chit.
Origin: Apparently formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: chitty n.
Etymology: Apparently shortened < chitty n., perhaps influenced by the pronunciation of Tamil cīṭṭu (with elision of the final vowel).
Originally Indian English.
1. A short official note, esp. one signed by a person in authority, typically written or printed on a slip of paper and granting the bearer permission to do something; a memorandum; (in later use also) a brief written record of a transaction; a bill, receipt, requisition, or order; a voucher, certificate, etc.; any slip of paper bearing a written note or message. Cf. chitty n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun]
epistleeOE
pistleOE
writOE
letter?c1225
brief1330
writingc1384
missive letter1519
scroll1534
missive?1553
scrieve1581
favour1645
chitty1698
chit1757
mail letter1799
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes
placard1482
warranta1513
placket1571
placate1572
licence1598
permission1607
purwanah1619
permit1649
furlougha1658
legitimation1660
chitty1698
chop1699
cedula1724
ticket of leave1732
chit1757
stiff1892
1757 in E. Ives Voy. India (1773) i. viii. 134 If Mr Ives is not too busie to honour this chitt.
1785 in W. S. Seton-Karr & H. D. Sandeman Select. Calcutta Gaz. (1864) I. 114 Those Ladies and Gentlemen who wish to be taught that polite Art [sc. drawing] by Mr. Hone, may know his terms by sending a chit.
1826 M. M. Sherwood Lady of Manor (ed. 2) IV. xxi. 290 The chit was found on Miss Crawford's dressing-table; a chit which nobody wrote, but which every body read.
1879 F. S. Bridges Round World in Six Months 97 You scarcely ever pay ready money in China... Everything is done by what is called chits.
1897 Rattle Mar. 163/1 I got a chit from Tweedledum..saying that he must have a madrigal within twenty-four hours.
1923 W. T. Blake Flying round World iii. 33 Macmillan passed me back a chit asking what was the nearest landing ground.
1955 Times 22 Aug. 5/6 Mr. Marshall pours out a stream of comment and advice or chits to the various administrative departments.
2012 @NigelNelson 25 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 21 Feb. 2022) [He] sounded like a naughty schoolboy caught bunking off games without the appropriate chit from matron.
2. Chiefly South Asian. Originally: a written reference testifying to a person’s ability or reliability, used when applying for a new job. Now usually more generally: a review, rating, assessment, or verdict. Frequently with modifying adjective, as good, bad, clean (esp. in to give (a person or thing) a clean chit), etc.
ΚΠ
1868 Bombay Gaz. 13 July 2/5 A servant who gets a bad chit at once gets some one to read it out to him, and on finding it unsatisfactory forthwith tears it up.
1893 S. J. Duncan Simple Adventures Memsahib vii. 75 They..send the fellow off with another excellent chit! And one would never engage a servant without chits.
1959 Civic Affairs (India) Nov. 78/2 The Communist [Group]..refused to give the Mayor a clean chit. They accused him of acting under pressure from the Congress.
1976 J. Godden Ahmed & Old Lady 74 From his chits he seems to have worked chiefly in Lahore.
1989 Independent (Nexis) 25 Sept. 22 The United Kingdom economy received what Mr Lawson called ‘a pretty good chit’ from the IMF's economists.
2007 J. Dhawan Changing Face Indian Econ. xxii. 393 While handing a good chit on the reform measures so far, the reports want India to act fast to set right its large fiscal imbalances.
2022 Times of India (Nexis) 12 Mar. [He] said that despite the TRS government trying to fix him in many cases, the court gave him a clean chit.

Compounds

C1. General use as a modifier, as in chit book, chit system, etc.
ΚΠ
1843 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Misc. 1 574 Any mercantile man..would at first not comprehend the necessity for the apparently time-wasting system..which we shall denominate the Chit-System.
1862 London & China Tel. 26 May 290/2 Letters unaccompanied by a chit book or other document stating the name of the sender will not be received.
1924 Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 264/2 For days the chit-coolies bore confidential messages.
1932 ‘A. Bridge’ Peking Picnic iii. 24 Mrs. Leroy had by this time finished entering her notes in the chit-book.
2007 Dominion (Wellington, N.Z.) 8 May 2 Ms Collins and Mr Henare also reached for the taxi chit book the following day.
C2.
chit fund n. (chiefly in South Asia) a savings or credit association in which money contributed by the members of the association is paid out to members on a rotating basis, originally in an order determined by lot, later as determined by other means such as an auction among the members.
ΚΠ
1905 Times of India 7 Dec. The Madrasi, with his extensive system of Nidhis, Chit Funds, Benefit Funds, etc., has the banking and co-operative instinct very fully developed.
1962 Guardian 2 Oct. 9/4 A chit fund [in India] roughly corresponds to a building society in Britain.
2014 H. Sengupta Recasting India iii. 81 A chit fund works with a pool of usually low-income depositors who are often not eligible for bank credit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

Chitn.6

Brit. /tʃɪt/, U.S. /tʃɪt/
Forms: 1800s 'cit, 1800s– chit, 1800s– cit.
Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit cit.
Etymology: < Sanskrit cit, specific use of cit faculty of thought, intellect, consciousness < ci- to perceive, to observe + -t , suffix forming adjectives (apparently originally in acit (adjective) without understanding; compare a- un- prefix1).
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
A state of absolute awareness or pure consciousness.In Hinduism, Chit is considered one of the three aspects of the divine, together with Sat (Sat n.) and Ananda (Ananda n.), and often appears in combination with these words as sat-chit-ananda.
ΚΠ
1875 J. D. B. Gribble tr. E. R. Baierlein Land of Tamulians i. iv. 64 The Vedanta..has yet arrived at a kind of Trinity... I mean the Sat, Chit, and Ananda (Existence, Thought, Joy) which it is not so very difficult to translate into Father, Son and Holy Ghost.
1924 J. G. Woodroffe in tr. Serpent Power (rev. ed.) ii. 28 Some things..appear to be more conscious, and some more unconscious than others. This is due to the fact that Chit, which is never absent in anything, yet manifests itself in various ways and degrees.
2012 @UrbanYogaNYC 6 May in twitter.com (accessed 15 Feb. 2019) Sat Chit Ananda: Meditation brings you to the final peak of consciousness–that is ‘chit’, exactly in the middle.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chitn.7

A small frow or cooper's cleaving-tool used in cleaving laths (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech.).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

chitv.1

Brit. /tʃɪt/, U.S. /tʃɪt/
Forms: Also 1600s chet.
Etymology: Goes with chit n.3, as its immediate source, or immediate derivative: compare to sprout, bud, seed, etc.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1. intransitive. Of seed: To sprout, germinate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth
spriteOE
wrideOE
brodc1175
comea1225
spirec1325
chicka1400
sprouta1400
germin?1440
germ1483
chip?a1500
spurgea1500
to put forth1530
shootc1560
spear1570
stock1574
chit1601
breward1609
pullulate1618
ysproutc1620
egerminate1623
put1623
germinate1626
sprent1647
fruticate1657
stalk1666
tiller1677
breerc1700
fork1707
to put out1731
stool1770
sucker1802
stir1843
push1855
braird1865
fibre1869
flush1877
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > be a seed [verb (intransitive)] > germinate or grow
acrospirec1430
chit1601
fluster1650
pullulate1657
plant1849
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 22 Dill seed will chit within foure daies, Lectuce in fiue.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 280 That steeped barly sprouting and chitting againe.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva i. §4 To Sprout and Chet the Sooner.
1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Chitting Seed..is said to chit, when it shoots its small Roots first into the Earth.
1796 C. Marshall Gardening (1813) §15 239 Laying it [seed] in damp mould till it begins to chit.
1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Chit, to bud, or germinate.
1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. (at cited word) The corn has not chitted a deal.
1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases Chit, to sprout.
2. transitive. To allow (a potato) to sprout; to remove the sprouts of (potato tubers) for planting as sets.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [verb (transitive)] > crop with potatoes > sprout potatoes
chit1904
1904 Daily Chron. 8 Apr. 6/4 Having chitted them [sc. ‘Eldorado’ potatoes] three times already, he has made between £7,000 and £8,000 out of his original purchase.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chitv.2

Etymology: Imitative of the sound: compare cheet v., chit n.4, chitter v.
Obsolete. rare.
intransitive. To chirp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp or twitter
chirmOE
chattera1250
janglea1300
jargon?a1366
chirkc1386
chirtc1386
chitterc1386
twittera1387
chirpc1440
yipc1440
channerc1480
quitter1513
chirrup1579
chipper1593
pip1598
gingreate1623
chita1639
sweet1677
shatter17..
swee-swee1839
weet-weet1845
cheet1855
tweet1856
twiddle1863
weet1866
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp
chirtc1386
chirpc1440
chita1639
chirrup1766
a1639 S. Ward Serm. (1862) 108 He soars like an eagle, not respecting the chitting of sparrows.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.1a1382n.21541n.31601n.41610n.51757n.61875n.7v.11601v.2a1639
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