单词 | chit |
释义 | chitn.1ΘΚΠ the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young kindle?c1225 kitlinga1300 child1340 chita1382 birda1398 younga1398 kitten1495 baby1659 piccaninny1824 kit1957 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxxiv. 15 There hadde diches the yrchoun, and nurshede out litle chittes [a1425 whelpis]. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 624 Murelegus, catus, catulus, [glossed] catte, idem est, chytte. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria ix. f. 109 The lyon with his roryng awaketh his chitt [es] . 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Gatillo A chit, Catulus. 1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 129 That demure and seeming harmless Puss Herself, and mewing Chits regales with us. 2. a. Applied, more or less contemptuously, to a child, esp. a very young child (cf. kid n.1 5a); a brat. ΘΠ the world > people > person > child > [noun] wenchelc890 childeOE littleOE littlingOE hired-childc1275 smalla1300 brolla1325 innocentc1325 chickc1330 congeonc1330 impc1380 faunt1382 young onec1384 scionc1390 weea1400 birdc1405 chickenc1440 enfaunta1475 small boyc1475 whelp1483 burden1490 little one1509 brat?a1513 younkerkin1528 kitling1541 urchin1556 loneling1579 breed1586 budling1587 pledge?1587 ragazzo1591 simplicity1592 bantling1593 tadpole1594 two-year-old1594 bratcheta1600 lambkin1600 younker1601 dandling1611 buda1616 eyas-musketa1616 dovelinga1618 whelplinga1618 puppet1623 butter printa1625 chit1625 piggy1625 ninnyc1626 youngster1633 fairya1635 lap-child1655 chitterling1675 squeaker1676 cherub1680 kid1690 wean1692 kinchin1699 getlingc1700 totum17.. charity-child1723 small girl1734 poult1739 elfin1748 piggy-wiggy1766 piccaninny1774 suck-thumb18.. teeny1802 olive1803 sprout1813 stumpie1820 sexennarian1821 totty1822 toddle1825 toddles1828 poppet1830 brancher1833 toad1836 toddler1837 ankle-biter1840 yarkera1842 twopenny1844 weeny1844 tottykins1849 toddlekins1852 brattock1858 nipper1859 sprat1860 ninepins1862 angelet1868 tenas man1870 tad1877 tacker1885 chavvy1886 joey1887 toddleskin1890 thumb-sucker1891 littlie1893 peewee1894 tyke1894 che-ild1896 kiddo1896 mother's bairn1896 childling1903 kipper1905 pick1905 small1907 God forbid1909 preadolescent1909 subadolescent1914 toto1914 snookums1919 tweenie1919 problem child1920 squirt1924 trottie1924 tiddler1927 subteen1929 perisher1935 poopsie1937 pre-schooler1937 pre-teen1938 pre-teener1940 juvie1941 sprog1944 pikkie1945 subteenager1947 pre-teenager1948 pint-size1954 saucepan lid1960 rug rat1964 smallie1984 bosom-child- 1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss i. i Priapus..Bacchus' and Venus' chit, is not more vicious. 1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. vi. i. sig. Mm7 But this lickerish Chit, I see, defeats her plot. 1682 Satyr to Muse 4 Scolding Wife and Starving Chits. 1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 474 While yet thou wast a grovelling, puling chit. 1864 H. Jones Holiday Papers 312 When I was a naughty little chit in a pinafore. b. A person considered as no better than a child. ‘Generally used of young persons in contempt’ (Johnson); now, mostly of a girl or young woman. ΘΠ the world > people > person > young person > [noun] youngeOE younglingOE girlc1300 youtha1325 young onec1384 birdc1405 young person1438 young blood1557 primrosea1568 slip1582 juvenal1598 quat1607 airling1611 egga1616 saplinga1616 chita1657 a slip of a girla1660 juvenile1733 young adult1762 boots1806 snip1838 spring chicken1857 yob1859 kid1884 chiseller1922 juvenile adult1926 YA1974 yoof1986 a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II cccxliv, in Poems (1878) III. 223 Silly Chitts they knew not what Hee mean't. 1694 Polit. Ballads (1860) II. 42 When a Nation submits To be govern'd by Chits. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xi. 106 As for the chits about town, there is no bearing them about one. a1832 G. Crabbe Poet. Wks. (1834) V. 267 A girl, a chit, a child! 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xii. 107 A little chit of a miller's daughter of eighteen. 1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. I. 260 To be in love with a young chit of fourteen. 1879 K. S. Macquoid Berkshire Lady 193 He either marries a kitchen-wench, or some chit twenty years his junior. 3. attributive. (Cf. chitty adj.2, chitty-face n.) Π 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality x, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 255 He was so silly as to like her good for little chit face. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). chitn.2 a. plural chits. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > chick-pea or lentil lentila1325 chicha1382 Cicer1382 till1398 chit1541 chickpea1542 ram-ciche1597 ram's head ciche1601 chickny pea1693 gram1702 garbanzo1712 fasels- 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 90 b Cicer, and the pulse called in latin ervum (in englishe I suppose chittes). 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 90 Lenticula is a poultz called chittes, whiche..I translate peason. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Miiiv/2 Chits, pulse, lenticula. 1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) at Acacia The seede whereof is lyke to chittes. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xv. 99 Minister chittes well rosted. b. singular. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > chick-pea or lentil lentila1325 chicha1382 Cicer1382 lent1382 till1398 chickpea1542 chit1559 ram-ciche1597 fen lentil1601 ram's head ciche1601 lentil-pulse1660 chickny pea1693 gram1702 garbanzo1712 chana1838 lint1888 chana dal1895 fasels- 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 267 A few seedes in the figure of chit or Lentil. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > wart wartc725 porre?a1425 wrat1527 chit1552 verruca1565 fig1600 thyme wart1601 soft wart1610 rouncival1655 wartle1659 clavicle1661 thymus1684 warting1756 the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > freckle freckenc1386 frecklec1400 lentigoc1400 specklec1440 sprote?c1450 fernticle1483 mase1527 chit1552 lentils1558 summerfold1668 summer spot1685 form-speckle1702 ephelis1756 heat-spot1822 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Chyts in the face lyke vnto wartes, which is a kynde of pulse, lenticula. 1743 E. Lye Junius's Etymologicum Anglicanum Chit, idem cum Freckle, Lentigo. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Chit, a freckle..Seldom used. 3. plural. Small rice. ΚΠ 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 477 3,243 lbs. of ‘broken’ rice, 570 lbs. of ‘chits’ or ‘small’. In the Carolina mills the product is divided into ‘prime’, ‘middling’ (broken), ‘small’ or ‘chits’, and ‘flour’ or ‘douse’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online September 2020). chitn.3 Obsolete exc. dialect. A shoot, sprout. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] sproteeOE wiseOE spronkOE wrideOE brodc1175 wanda1300 breerc1320 scion?c1335 spraya1387 spriga1398 springa1400 sprouta1400 spiringc1400 shoota1450 youngling1559 forth-growing1562 spirk1565 sprouting1578 surcle1578 chive1583 chit1601 spurt1601 sprit1622 germen1628 spurge1630 spirt1634 brairding1637 springet1640 set1658 shrubble1674 underling1688 sobolesa1722 branchlet1731 springlet1749 sproutling1749 sprang1847 shootlet1889 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xiii. iv The stone or kernell of the Date..hath a round specke..whereat the root or chit beginneth first to put forth. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Malt The Barley..will..begin to shew the Chit or Sprit at the Root-end of the Corn. 1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. Chit, the first sprout of seeds or potatoes. ‘I have set him to rub off the chits.’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † chitn.4 Obsolete name of a bird: the Tit, Titlark, or Meadow Pipit. [So called from its short and feeble note: compare chit v.2 and cheet v.] ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Paridae > [noun] > genus Parus (tit) moseeOE titmousea1325 archangelc1400 hekemose14.. titlingc1550 musken1585 nonett1601 chit1610 tit1706 the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Motacillidae > genus Anthus > anthus pratensis (titlark) titlingc1550 linget1552 lark1602 chit1610 meadowlark1611 cucknel1655 titlark1666 cheeper1684 moss-cheeper1684 old-field lark1805 ling-bird1814 tit-pipit1817 meadow pipit1825 meadow titling1828 furze-lark1854 peep1859 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iv. iii. 83 May-Chit, Spawe, Churre, Peeper..Sea and Land Larkes. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Alouette de pré, the chit, or small meddow-larke. c1668 Sir T. Browne Wks. (1852) III. 507 The..May chit is a little dark grey bird. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). chitn.5 Originally Indian English. 1. A short official note, esp. one signed by a person in authority, typically written or printed on a slip of paper and granting the bearer permission to do something; a memorandum; (in later use also) a brief written record of a transaction; a bill, receipt, requisition, or order; a voucher, certificate, etc.; any slip of paper bearing a written note or message. Cf. chitty n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] epistleeOE pistleOE writOE letter?c1225 brief1330 writingc1384 missive letter1519 scroll1534 missive?1553 scrieve1581 favour1645 chitty1698 chit1757 mail letter1799 society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes placard1482 warranta1513 placket1571 placate1572 licence1598 permission1607 purwanah1619 permit1649 furlougha1658 legitimation1660 chitty1698 chop1699 cedula1724 ticket of leave1732 chit1757 stiff1892 1757 in E. Ives Voy. India (1773) i. viii. 134 If Mr Ives is not too busie to honour this chitt. 1785 in W. S. Seton-Karr & H. D. Sandeman Select. Calcutta Gaz. (1864) I. 114 Those Ladies and Gentlemen who wish to be taught that polite Art [sc. drawing] by Mr. Hone, may know his terms by sending a chit. 1826 M. M. Sherwood Lady of Manor (ed. 2) IV. xxi. 290 The chit was found on Miss Crawford's dressing-table; a chit which nobody wrote, but which every body read. 1879 F. S. Bridges Round World in Six Months 97 You scarcely ever pay ready money in China... Everything is done by what is called chits. 1897 Rattle Mar. 163/1 I got a chit from Tweedledum..saying that he must have a madrigal within twenty-four hours. 1923 W. T. Blake Flying round World iii. 33 Macmillan passed me back a chit asking what was the nearest landing ground. 1955 Times 22 Aug. 5/6 Mr. Marshall pours out a stream of comment and advice or chits to the various administrative departments. 2012 @NigelNelson 25 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 21 Feb. 2022) [He] sounded like a naughty schoolboy caught bunking off games without the appropriate chit from matron. 2. Chiefly South Asian. Originally: a written reference testifying to a person’s ability or reliability, used when applying for a new job. Now usually more generally: a review, rating, assessment, or verdict. Frequently with modifying adjective, as good, bad, clean (esp. in to give (a person or thing) a clean chit), etc. ΚΠ 1868 Bombay Gaz. 13 July 2/5 A servant who gets a bad chit at once gets some one to read it out to him, and on finding it unsatisfactory forthwith tears it up. 1893 S. J. Duncan Simple Adventures Memsahib vii. 75 They..send the fellow off with another excellent chit! And one would never engage a servant without chits. 1959 Civic Affairs (India) Nov. 78/2 The Communist [Group]..refused to give the Mayor a clean chit. They accused him of acting under pressure from the Congress. 1976 J. Godden Ahmed & Old Lady 74 From his chits he seems to have worked chiefly in Lahore. 1989 Independent (Nexis) 25 Sept. 22 The United Kingdom economy received what Mr Lawson called ‘a pretty good chit’ from the IMF's economists. 2007 J. Dhawan Changing Face Indian Econ. xxii. 393 While handing a good chit on the reform measures so far, the reports want India to act fast to set right its large fiscal imbalances. 2022 Times of India (Nexis) 12 Mar. [He] said that despite the TRS government trying to fix him in many cases, the court gave him a clean chit. Compounds C1. General use as a modifier, as in chit book, chit system, etc. ΚΠ 1843 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Misc. 1 574 Any mercantile man..would at first not comprehend the necessity for the apparently time-wasting system..which we shall denominate the Chit-System. 1862 London & China Tel. 26 May 290/2 Letters unaccompanied by a chit book or other document stating the name of the sender will not be received. 1924 Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 264/2 For days the chit-coolies bore confidential messages. 1932 ‘A. Bridge’ Peking Picnic iii. 24 Mrs. Leroy had by this time finished entering her notes in the chit-book. 2007 Dominion (Wellington, N.Z.) 8 May 2 Ms Collins and Mr Henare also reached for the taxi chit book the following day. C2. chit fund n. (chiefly in South Asia) a savings or credit association in which money contributed by the members of the association is paid out to members on a rotating basis, originally in an order determined by lot, later as determined by other means such as an auction among the members. ΚΠ 1905 Times of India 7 Dec. The Madrasi, with his extensive system of Nidhis, Chit Funds, Benefit Funds, etc., has the banking and co-operative instinct very fully developed. 1962 Guardian 2 Oct. 9/4 A chit fund [in India] roughly corresponds to a building society in Britain. 2014 H. Sengupta Recasting India iii. 81 A chit fund works with a pool of usually low-income depositors who are often not eligible for bank credit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). Chitn.6 Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. A state of absolute awareness or pure consciousness.In Hinduism, Chit is considered one of the three aspects of the divine, together with Sat (Sat n.) and Ananda (Ananda n.), and often appears in combination with these words as sat-chit-ananda. ΚΠ 1875 J. D. B. Gribble tr. E. R. Baierlein Land of Tamulians i. iv. 64 The Vedanta..has yet arrived at a kind of Trinity... I mean the Sat, Chit, and Ananda (Existence, Thought, Joy) which it is not so very difficult to translate into Father, Son and Holy Ghost. 1924 J. G. Woodroffe in tr. Serpent Power (rev. ed.) ii. 28 Some things..appear to be more conscious, and some more unconscious than others. This is due to the fact that Chit, which is never absent in anything, yet manifests itself in various ways and degrees. 2012 @UrbanYogaNYC 6 May in twitter.com (accessed 15 Feb. 2019) Sat Chit Ananda: Meditation brings you to the final peak of consciousness–that is ‘chit’, exactly in the middle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). chitn.7 A small frow or cooper's cleaving-tool used in cleaving laths (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech.). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † chitv.1 Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. intransitive. Of seed: To sprout, germinate. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth spriteOE wrideOE brodc1175 comea1225 spirec1325 chicka1400 sprouta1400 germin?1440 germ1483 chip?a1500 spurgea1500 to put forth1530 shootc1560 spear1570 stock1574 chit1601 breward1609 pullulate1618 ysproutc1620 egerminate1623 put1623 germinate1626 sprent1647 fruticate1657 stalk1666 tiller1677 breerc1700 fork1707 to put out1731 stool1770 sucker1802 stir1843 push1855 braird1865 fibre1869 flush1877 the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > be a seed [verb (intransitive)] > germinate or grow acrospirec1430 chit1601 fluster1650 pullulate1657 plant1849 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 22 Dill seed will chit within foure daies, Lectuce in fiue. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 280 That steeped barly sprouting and chitting againe. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva i. §4 To Sprout and Chet the Sooner. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Chitting Seed..is said to chit, when it shoots its small Roots first into the Earth. 1796 C. Marshall Gardening (1813) §15 239 Laying it [seed] in damp mould till it begins to chit. 1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Chit, to bud, or germinate. 1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. (at cited word) The corn has not chitted a deal. 1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases Chit, to sprout. 2. transitive. To allow (a potato) to sprout; to remove the sprouts of (potato tubers) for planting as sets. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [verb (transitive)] > crop with potatoes > sprout potatoes chit1904 1904 Daily Chron. 8 Apr. 6/4 Having chitted them [sc. ‘Eldorado’ potatoes] three times already, he has made between £7,000 and £8,000 out of his original purchase. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † chitv.2 Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To chirp. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp or twitter chirmOE chattera1250 janglea1300 jargon?a1366 chirkc1386 chirtc1386 chitterc1386 twittera1387 chirpc1440 yipc1440 channerc1480 quitter1513 chirrup1579 chipper1593 pip1598 gingreate1623 chita1639 sweet1677 shatter17.. swee-swee1839 weet-weet1845 cheet1855 tweet1856 twiddle1863 weet1866 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp chirtc1386 chirpc1440 chita1639 chirrup1766 a1639 S. Ward Serm. (1862) 108 He soars like an eagle, not respecting the chitting of sparrows. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1a1382n.21541n.31601n.41610n.51757n.61875n.7v.11601v.2a1639 |
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