| 释义 |
advocaten. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French advocat, avocat; Latin advocātus. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman advocate, avokett, Anglo-Norman and Middle French advocat, avocat (French avocat ) defender, champion (of another person or a cause) (c1174 in Old French), lawyer who pleads a case in a court of law on behalf of another (13th cent.), protector (13th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin advocātus person who supports or advises a party to a lawsuit, legal assistant or counsellor, professional pleader, counsel, helper, supporter, assistant, mediator, in post-classical Latin also person or agent believed to intercede between God and sinners (Vulgate), guardian, protector, or patron of a church or religious house (7th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), use as noun of past participle of advocāre advocate v. Compare Old Occitan avocat , advocat (12th cent.), Catalan advocat (13th cent.), Spanish abogado (13th cent.), Portuguese advogado (13th cent.), Italian avvocato (a1292); also Old Frisian advocātus , advocāt , Middle Dutch advocaet (Dutch advocaat ), Middle Low German advokāt , German Advokat (1375 as advocat ). Compare vocate n.Old French avocat , advocat represents an early medieval borrowing of the Latin word (with the forms of the prefix compare the discussion at ad- prefix); the regular direct descendant of classical Latin advocātus is Old French avoé , avoué (see avowe n.). With use with reference to the Virgin Mary or other female saints (see sense 1) compare post-classical Latin advocata (4th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Middle French advocate, feminine (1214; French avocate, also in senses ‘wife of a lawyer’ and ‘female lawyer’; compare also Old French avocace (1262)). 1340 (1866) 127 (MED) Bidde we..þane holy gost..þet he by oure auocat. c1384 (Royal) (1850) 1 John ii. 1 If ony man shal synne, we han auoket [a1425 L.V. aduocat; 1408 Fairf. ether a mediatour; L. advocatum] anentis the fadir, Jhesu Crist iust. ?1403 in T. F. Simmons (1879) 66 Ȝe sal pray specialy til oure lady saynt mary, that sche becum oure auoket. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock (1921) 89 (MED) Jesus..wolde be callid..oure aduoket in heuene. a1500 in C. Brown (1939) 53 (MED) Wher-fore we pray þe, lady dere, Oure Auoket þat þou wylte be. 1560 Confession of Faith in (1814) II. 529/1 Our Lord Jesus chryst..aduocate and onlie mediatour for ws. 1611 1 John ii. 1 We haue an Aduocate with the Father, Iesus Christ the righteous. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton xi. 33 Let mee Interpret for him, mee his Advocate And propitiation. View more context for this quotation 1723 R. Riccaltoun vii. 270 They have an Advocate before the Throne, who..having at once put away Sin by the Sacrifice of himself,..hath for ever perfected them. 1776 A. M. Toplady 111 Come sweet Advocate and savior, come, thy and bring gospel-grace. 1828 Mar. 87/2 A Holy Spirit's energies, An advocate with God. 1849 1 175/1 He committed his soul to the intercession of his Divine Advocate. 1903 6th Ser. 8 329 The Advocate listens to each sinner's confession. 1981 63 66/2 Fra Filippo's platform device..symbolizes the close relationship between mortals and their divine advocate. 2009 A. Firey i. 23 Gunthar was, as her confessor, under an obligation to serve as her advocate before God. 2. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxiv. 1 Ananye..cam doun with..sum oratour, or fair speker, or avocat [a1425 Christ Church Oxf. auoket], whiche wenten to the presedent aȝeyns Poul. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 373 (MED) For þe delyueraunce of þe advoketes and ditoures. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) (1891) l. 5721 Phisiciens and advocates Gone right by the same yates They selle her science for wynnyng. ?1483 W. Caxton tr. i. sig. bjv They may selle their scyence and kunnyng for to gete syluer..As done these grete aduocates. a1500 (?a1450) (Harl. 7333) (1879) 8 (MED) Advocatis, and pletouris..by sotilte and wickidnesse getith þe goode of þis wordle. a1538 T. Starkey (1989) 79 Thes hungry advocatys & cormorantys of the court. 1635 F. Quarles i. v. 21 There was no Clyent then, to wait The leisure of his long-tayl'd Advocate. 1700 F. Atterbury vii. 310 The Learned Advocate..on the other side. 1768 W. Blackstone iii. iii. 26 Of advocates, or (as we generally call them) counsel, there are two species or degrees; barristers, and serjeants. 1826 B. Disraeli I. i. ix. 55 To succeed as an advocate, I must be a great lawyer; and, to be a great lawyer, I must give up my chance of being a great man. 1850 J. F. Cooper (1856) iii. 48 Surely, sir, an advocate is justified in telling his client to plead not guilty, though guilty! 1901 G. Balfour vi. 119 Parliament House..is the centre of the courts, and the haunt of advocates waiting for business. 1958 E. H. Brookes & J. B. Macaulay iv. 46 An Indian advocate in Natal has now been assigned a special robing-room in the Supreme Court in Durban. 1995 17 May 2/6 Yesterday..the Lord Chief Justice ruled that women advocates should be able to wear trousers in court. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > legal representative or agent > solicitor 1721 in (1892) 17 Mr Patk. Duffe, Advocatt in Aberdeen, to be found att his loaging in the Castellgett. 1755 No. 9506 The said..Creditors will lodge their Grounds of Debt with..Mr. David Bartlet, Advocate in Aberdeen. 1868 7 Nov. 11 An Aberdeen advocate is simply another name for a procurator before the Sheriff Courts,..and is no more than a solicitor or attorney. 1896 J. H. Begg in J. Chisholm I. 150 In early times lawyers practising in the inferior Courts were frequently called advocates as well as procurators; but the only class of such practitioners still styling themselves advocates are the members of the Society of Advocates in Aberdeen. society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > patron > [noun] a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 283 Þe Romayns chees hym afterwardes for to be Seynt Petres aduokett [?a1475 anon. tr. aduocate, L. advocatus], aftirward patricius, and þan þe emperour. c1425 (1923) 20 (MED) From this day forwarde I shall commytte me And all myne to seynt Barthilmewe, aduocatte of this place. a1475 in A. Clark (1906) ii. 582 (MED) Baldewyn..resigned into his [sc. the bishop's] hondes all the right that he had in the chirch of lamyet as aduocate and lord of the grounde. 1573 J. Bridges 120 Kinges and Emperours of the Romaynes are euen to this daye the Aduocates of the Romayne Churche. 1708 J. Harris (ed. 2) I. at Advocates Advocate or Patron of the Presentation and Advowson. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) Advocate of a Church, or Ecclesiastical Advocate, a Person to whom it antiently belong'd, to defend the Rights and Interests of a Church, both in a Legal and a Military Capacity. 1879 A. F. Dugdale tr. T. Grossi (1881) iii. 27 There passed into the privileged hall the respective advocates of the monastery. 2001 J. Nightingale xvii. 256 The office of advocate had already figured prominently in the affairs of Lotharingian abbeys from the early tenth century. 4. gen.the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > [noun] > one who the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager c1450 in F. J. Furnivall (1903) 177 I loke for loue of man, my broþir, I am his avoket on euery wise. ?1534 (de Worde) (new ed.) sig. B.iij Mercy was thyn aduocat chefe. 1597 W. Shakespeare i. iii. 87 An earnest aduocate to pleade for him. View more context for this quotation 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton To Rdr. sig. A 2 I haue (but as an Aduocat for the Muse) argued. 1655 V. Gookin 27 He becomes an Advocate for the Irish, and excuses them all from actual Rebellion. 1735 A. Pope 7 The frail one's Advocate, and weak one's Friend. 1773 H. Chapone II. 8 He will find an advocate in every human heart. 1828 T. B. Macaulay Hallam's Constit. Hist. in Sept. 121 The advocates of Charles have very dexterously contrived to conceal..the real nature of this transaction. 1879 G. Meredith II. xv. 308 It threw her on her nature, our last and headlong advocate. 1917 A. D. Miller iv. 137 You have an excellent advocate in Christine. 1984 18 Sept. 17/6 I was a great advocate of Hawke's. 2008 A. Carter 145 The loss of her father meant the loss of her best advocate, her strongest supporter. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > [noun] > recommender > publicly 1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin (new ed.) cvi. 545/2 We shall see many, which..becomen themselues aduocates [Fr. aduocats] of vntruthes, and fall to foysting in of lies to ouerthrow the right. 1644 J. Milton (ed. 2) To Parl. sig. A2v The sole advocate of a discount'nanc't truth. 1695 J. Edwards III. xii. 514 The younger Vossius is a smart Advocate for the Septuagint. 1709 F. Atterbury 13 I would far rather be an Advocate for the Retrenchment, than the Increase of it [sc. charity]. 1756 C. Lucas iii. 318 The advocates for brimstone will here triumph. 1809 S. T. Coleridge 19 Oct. 129 The most respectable English Advocate for the Theory. 1867 F. M. Müller II. xxvii. 346 The priests were..the strongest advocates of the system of caste. 1931 Jan. 1/2 I am not an advocate of fee-splitting. 1978 S. Sheldon iv. 64 There were rumors that Hélène Roffe was an advocate of the women's liberation movement. 2008 E Jan. 64/1 Health advocates also recommend not reusing bottles made from plastic #1. 1977 J. L. Paul et al. 65 Given the environment of advocacy, it is easy for the advocate to ask too much from the child in rewarding the work of advocacy. 1979 20 Sept. 1 f/1 Children whose futures may hinge on the way the 16 [Tucsonians] handle their roles as ‘child advocates’. 1983 L. A. Frolik in E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov 321 As the agent of the disabled individual the advocate has the legal authority to speak on behalf of the disabled individual. 1998 L. G. Mills viii. 154 The Victim Advocate..is primarily concerned with building a relationship..with the victim, so that he might help her both to address the violence in her life. 2001 J. Lawson in J. Pritchard xiv. 303 The advocate will ensure that the vulnerable adult's capacity to make decisions is properly assessed and that any actions taken are in the person's best interests. 2010 (Nexis) 25 Nov. (Features section) 4 In the children's room..a child advocate..has been preparing a 13-year-old for a doctor's meeting and counselling. Compounds 1607 E. Grimeston tr. ii. 884 For the Kings interest Maister Seruin his Maiesties Aduocate Generall [Fr. Aduocat general]. 1679 3 The Place and Office of Advocate General of the Army aforesaid. 1724 1 June 1/2 The apprehensions which the Judge, the Advocate General, and other Officers of the Court, had. 1874 G. Bancroft X. xxi. 449 The advocate-general Segur having drawn up the most minatory indictment. 1984 11 July 6/7 The South African Advocate-General..has found no irregularities in South African oil purchases. 2005 W. van Gerven iii. 110 The task of the advocate generals is to give a reasoned opinion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). advocatev.Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin advocāt-, advocāre. Etymology: < classical Latin advocāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix3) of advocāre to call upon, summon, to invite, to call together, convoke, to summon to one's assistance, to employ as counsel, have plead one's cause, to invoke the aid of, to have recourse to, resort to, to bring up, cite (as evidence), to recommend < ad- ad- prefix + vocāre to call (see vocate v.). In sense 3 after advocate n. Compare Middle French avouer (see avow v.1), avoquer (see advoke v.), Old Occitan avogar (early 12th cent.), Catalan advocar (14th cent.), Spanish abogar (13th cent.), Portuguese advogar (13th cent.). Compare advoke v. and avow v.1 Compare also avouch v. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > remove to another court or judge > remove to higher court c1529 S. Gardiner Let. in H. Ellis (1846) 3rd Ser. II. clxxviii. 157 In case the Pope..shulde aduocate the said cause. 1540 in J. D. Marwick (1871) 211 The Lordis of Counsale..findis na caus whiarfor the said mater suld be aduocat befor the saidis Lordis. c1600 in (1754) 341 The Lordis of counsal..may advocat to thameselfis all actiounis and causis..persewit befoir ony inferiour Judge. 1649 (1877) VI. ii. 328/2 To Remitt the saidis causes to the Judge ordinar fra whome the samyne wes advocat. 1684 G. Mackenzie i. ii. 14 The Lords of Session..will grant Letters of Advocation, whereby they Advocat, that is to say, call that cause from the incompetent Judge, to themselves. 1788 50 634/1 Upon this Mr Scott advocated the cause from the Magistrates to the Court of Session. a1856 G. Outram (1888) 160 'Tis not too late To advocate. 1926 I. 150 For this reason the Court of Session was able to advocate to itself both maritime and non-maritime causes alike. 2004 J. Goodare viii. 177 A professional court of session was actively seeking to extend its influence over the localities..by advocating cases from the sheriffs' courts. the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > demand society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon a1575 N. Harpsfield (1878) (modernized text) 271 The emperor, minding to advocate to himself another wife. 1592 L. Andrewes v. f. 67 The name of God..is not to be aduocated vppon euerie vaine trifle. 1641 W. Laud 37 These horrible designes, of advocating strange assistance, of soliciting and covenanting with Papists. 3. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (transitive)] > plead for 1599 T. Nashe 2 If..it were lawfully indulgenst me freely to aduocate my owne astrology. 1659 P. Heylyn iv. 98 For the single life of Priests..Paul seemes to advocate the cause, wishing that all men were as he. 1702 S. Stoddon iii. 59 To have advocated a Cause which in heart you condemn. 1789 B. Franklin Let. to N. Webster 26 Dec. in (1793) II. 81 During my late absence in France, I find that several other new words have been introduced into our parliamentary language. For example I find a verb..from the substantive advocate; The gentleman who advocates, or who has advocated that motion... If you should happen to be of my opinion with respect to these innovations, you will use your authority in reprobating them. 1821 96 450 The interests of justice, of liberty, and of independence are advocated. 1851 C. Merivale III. xxiii. 29 They advocated its publication for their own private interests. 1915 A. S. Neill ix. 101 I would advocate the keeping of animals at school. 1959 3 Jan. 10/4 As training they are advocating two hours of ‘hula-hooping’ every morning. 2008 R. Preece xiii. 319 Ellen and James White..advocated (and the church still advocates but does not require) vegetarian practice. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (intransitive)] > speak in support of the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (intransitive)] > plead for 1607 C. Lever sig. Fv He aduocates for vs perpetuallie. 1659 T. Fuller i. 46 I wonder that the Animadvertor will advocate for their Actions so detrimental to the Church. 1660 P. Heylyn I. i. ii. 37 I will not take upon me to Advocate for the present distempers and confusions of this wretched Church. 1705 D. Defoe II. 173 I am not Advocating for the Dissenters, but for Representing things as they really are. 1720 D. Defoe ii. 328 I have thus far advocated for the Enemies. a1827 R. Hawker Catechisms & Bks. for Children in (1831) X. vi. 676 I have..nothing to give that can induce any to advocate for me. 1872 F. Hall 75 I am not going to advocate for this sense of actual [i.e. meaning ‘present’]. 1922 Feb. 303/1 Each is trying to advocate for something new. 1983 W. G. Winters & F. Easton ii. 29 The social work member..is in a key position to advocate for pupils' needs. 2007 S. Hyde iv. 82 Increasing the number of openly LGBT elected officials who will advocate on our behalf will inevitably change the outcome of many legislative projects. 1666 S. Pepys 1 Dec. (1972) VII. 393 Ready..to part with all his estate in these difficult times to advocate the King's service. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.1340v.c1529 |
