† afilev.

Forms: Old English afelan (south-eastern), Old English afilan, Old English afylan, early Middle English afule (south-west midlands), late Middle English afile, late Middle English afyle.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, file v.²

Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + file v.² Compare early modern German erfeulen , erfäulen (16th cent.). Compare befile v.In Old English a weak verb of Class I; compare also (from the same Germanic base) the weak Class II verb āfūlian to be or become foul, to rot, decay ( < a- prefix¹ + foul v.¹; compare Old High German irfūlēn (Middle High German ervūlen ), in the same sense). The later Middle English examples (in past participle form) could alternatively be interpreted as showing a variant of ifiled , past participle of file v.²; compare a- prefix².

Obsolete.

transitive. = defile v.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)]

afileeOE

besmiteeOE

shenda950

befilec1000

bisulienc1200

defoulc1320

file1340

foilc1380

smota1387

lime1390

solwea1400

surda1400

infectc1425

filtha1450

poison?a1513

defile1530

polluve1533

inquinate1542

pollute1548

contaminate1563

bumfiddlec1595

impure1598

conspurcate1600

defoil1601

sullya1616

vilify1615

deturpate1623

impiate1623

defedate1628

dreg1628

contemerate1650

spot1741

empoison1775

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile

afileeOE

awemOE

filec1175

wemc1175

soila1250

foulc1330

defoula1340

bleckc1380

blemishc1380

pollutea1382

tache1390

sulpa1400

vilec1400

spota1413

stain1446

defilec1450

violate1490

tan1530

smear1549

beray1576

moil1596

discolour1598

smut1601

bespurtle1604

sullya1616

commaculatec1616

decolour?c1622

collutulate1623

deturpate1623

berust1631

smutch1640

discolorate1651

smoot1683

tarnish1695

tar1817

dirten1987

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) liv. 419 Hi mid ðære hreowsunga to ðæm aðwean ðæt hi hi mægen eft afylan [L. ut mundi ad sordes redeant].

OE Wulfstan Luke on Last Days (Hatton 113) 124 Clæne wæs þeos eorðe on hyre frumsceafte, ac we hi habbað syððan afylede swyðe & mid urum synnum þearle besmitene.

c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. E) l. 5 Þu heo [sc. the earth] afulest mid þine fule holde.

a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 1058 Men me clepuþ quene afiled.

a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) l. 627 Þey [sc. fiends] wolde fonde To..byȝete on hire a childe..Þat schal worþe þeo world ful wo..; Þus þey wende þeo world afyled Bote atte laste þey weore bygyled.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	afile
释义	† afilev. Forms: Old English afelan (south-eastern), Old English afilan, Old English afylan, early Middle English afule (south-west midlands), late Middle English afile, late Middle English afyle. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, file v.² Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + file v.² Compare early modern German erfeulen , erfäulen (16th cent.). Compare befile v.In Old English a weak verb of Class I; compare also (from the same Germanic base) the weak Class II verb āfūlian to be or become foul, to rot, decay ( < a- prefix¹ + foul v.¹; compare Old High German irfūlēn (Middle High German ervūlen ), in the same sense). The later Middle English examples (in past participle form) could alternatively be interpreted as showing a variant of ifiled , past participle of file v.²; compare a- prefix². Obsolete. transitive. = defile v.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > pollute or defile [verb (transitive)] afileeOE besmiteeOE shenda950 befilec1000 bisulienc1200 defoulc1320 file1340 foilc1380 smota1387 lime1390 solwea1400 surda1400 infectc1425 filtha1450 poison?a1513 defile1530 polluve1533 inquinate1542 pollute1548 contaminate1563 bumfiddlec1595 impure1598 conspurcate1600 defoil1601 sullya1616 vilify1615 deturpate1623 impiate1623 defedate1628 dreg1628 contemerate1650 spot1741 empoison1775 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile afileeOE awemOE filec1175 wemc1175 soila1250 foulc1330 defoula1340 bleckc1380 blemishc1380 pollutea1382 tache1390 sulpa1400 vilec1400 spota1413 stain1446 defilec1450 violate1490 tan1530 smear1549 beray1576 moil1596 discolour1598 smut1601 bespurtle1604 sullya1616 commaculatec1616 decolour?c1622 collutulate1623 deturpate1623 berust1631 smutch1640 discolorate1651 smoot1683 tarnish1695 tar1817 dirten1987 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) liv. 419 Hi mid ðære hreowsunga to ðæm aðwean ðæt hi hi mægen eft afylan [L. ut mundi ad sordes redeant]. OE Wulfstan Luke on Last Days (Hatton 113) 124 Clæne wæs þeos eorðe on hyre frumsceafte, ac we hi habbað syððan afylede swyðe & mid urum synnum þearle besmitene. c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. E) l. 5 Þu heo [sc. the earth] afulest mid þine fule holde. a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) l. 1058 Men me clepuþ quene afiled. a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) l. 627 Þey [sc. fiends] wolde fonde To..byȝete on hire a childe..Þat schal worþe þeo world ful wo..; Þus þey wende þeo world afyled Bote atte laste þey weore bygyled. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < v.eOE
随便看	nature-identical nature-imprinted nature-instructed nature-like nature-loving nature-mystic nature-mythology nature-painting nature-people nature-power nature-print nature-printed nature-printing nebel nebelist nebels nebelwerfer nebenkern nebenkerns nebmark nebneb nebr nebraskan nebris nebrises