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单词 chemist
释义

chemistn.

Brit. /ˈkɛmɪst/, U.S. /ˈkɛməst/
Forms:

α. 1500s chymiste, 1500s–1600s chimist, 1500s–1800s chymist, 1600s chymyst.

β. 1600s– chemist.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French chimiste; Latin chymista.
Etymology: < Middle French, French chimiste, French †chymiste (1548) and its etymon post-classical Latin chimista, chymista alchemist, chemist (c1320, 1622 in British sources, 1530 in a continental source), shortened < alchimista alchemist n., apparently as a result of the first element being recognized as the Arabic definite article al- . Compare chemic n. and chemistical adj.With the variation in forms see discussion at chemic n. and adj.).
1. A person who engages in the practice or study of chemistry or (in early use) alchemy; a person who makes chemical investigations; an expert or specialist in chemistry.In early use, the terms chemist and alchemist are often indistinguishable. Later (post-c1700), alchemist began to be distinguished as referring to a person who undertakes the pursuit of goals increasingly regarded as unscientific, such as the transmutation of metals into gold, and the use of chemist to describe such a person became increasingly archaic and historical. See also note at chemistry n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] > alchemist
alchemisterc1405
alchemist?c1425
alkanamyer?c1475
chemic1559
chemist1559
vulcanist?1586
spagyric1593
adeptus1650
elementarist1651
spagyrist1652
trismegist1657
adeptist1662
spagyrite1666
adept1673
transmuter1826
astro-alchemist1876
the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > general chemist > [noun]
chemic1559
chemist1559
laborant1661
chymistatora1682
laboratorian1824
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus Pref. sig. A ij v A heauenlye water, or rather diuine of the Chymistes [L. chymistarum]..wherof potable gold, and that philosophers stone much spoken of, but not yet fond, consisteth.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. f. 1 The Chymistes..doe terme the same, both the Chymick and Chimistick Arte.
a1612 J. Harington Epigrams (1618) ii. 33 An Alcumist, That's all too much, Chimist you might him call, And so I thinke twere true, and leaue out all.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §98 The industry of the Chymists..discerning by their separations, the Oily, Crude, Pure, Impure, Fine, Gross, Parts of Bodies.
c1650 A. Cowley Reason Misc. Like senseless Chymists their own wealth destroy, Imaginary gold t' enjoy.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T9521) 73 What the chemists say, of pure acids being never found alone, might as well be said of pure fire.
1750 M. Jones Misc. in Prose & Verse 53 The chemist says he'll turn to gold Each thing he lights upon; And so he will, whene'er he finds The philosophic stone.
1776 J. Priestley Exper. & Observ. Air (ed. 2) II. 187 A substance which the chymists distinguish by the name of fluor..which with us is called Derbyshire Spar.
1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 423 The endeavours of all the most eminent chemists to ascertain the components of muriatic acid.
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 130 The termination -ol, to indicate the alcoholic function, is more employed by French than by English chemists.
1882 Independent 14 Dec. 1/2 Old chemist, rapt in alchemy, Distilling silence.
1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) Pref. p. ix The chemist who remembers the part played by the solvent in promoting chemical action and union between two substances.
1990 Woodworker July 695/1 I was..told it [sc. Superglue] was discovered by a chemist who found, whilst distilling new compounds, that his reflux apparatus was stuck together.
2004 D. Lodge Author, Author ii. i. 45 He sent me to University College London to study chemistry. Can you imagine me as a chemist?
2. A Paracelsian physician or iatrochemist. Cf. chemic n. 2. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] > of specific schools or theoretical standpoints > Paracelsic or chemiatric
Paracelsian1574
Paracelsist1574
chemist1585
chemic1617
mineralist1629
chymiater1694
chemiatric1839
1585 R. B. Difference Auncient Phisicke xvii. sig. Hvv Wherein he agreeth with the auncient and true physick of the Chimists, which teacheth that diseases are caused..by liuely and spirituall vapors and Essencies.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. vi. §1. 84 A skilfull and learned Chymist can aswell by separation of visible elements draw helpfull medicines out of poyson.
1670 G. Acton Let. in Answer Certain Quæries 5 This way of Healing is not performable without the help of such Arcana as are only known to Chymists, and of them, only to the Adepti, not every vulgar Professor of Chymistry.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Galenist At present, the Galenists and chemists are pretty well accommodated.
a1776 R. James Vindic. Fever Powder in Diss. Fevers (1778) 86 I might produce the causes of fevers according to the various principles of the Galenists, the Chymists, the Mechanics.
1843 Times 1 Sept. 5/5 The chymists applied themselves entirely to the effects producible by their art upon the bodily system.
1972 Renaissance Q. 25 181 Shakespeare..utilizes talk of diseases and cures to suggest a connection between Helena and the pharmacological objectives of the chemists.
2001 A. G. Debus Chem. & Med. Deb. i. 21 The first defense of Paracelsian theory in England was that of Rychard Bostok, who compared the work of the chemists with that of the Galenists in 1585.
3. British.
a. A person who dispenses and sells medicinal drugs, a pharmacist; esp. one who works in a shop selling toiletries and general health-care products.Pharmacist is the preferred self-designation within the profession.In the United States pharmacist is the usual term. Cf. also apothecary n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > apothecary or pharmacist > [noun]
spicer1297
apothecary1366
ointment makera1382
pothecaryc1387
pigmentarya1398
pottingar1474
pottingary1487
pothecar?a1505
ypothecar1509
potycaryar1533
pharmacopole?1541
drugger1594
confectioner1606
druggist1608
drugster1611
pharmacopoeian1618
druggister1632
druggard1637
chemica1642
pharmacopolist1651
pharmacopolitan1657
pharmacian1658
spicerer1665
pot-carrier1683
pharmacist1721
knight of the pestle1723
materialist1728
chemist and druggist1748
potter-carrier1764
drug man1769
gallipot1785
drug manufacturer1790
pharmaceutist1795
drug dealer1800
chemist1802
pharmaceutical chemist1821
essence-peddler1838
pill roller1843
pill-peddler1855
squirt1859
pill pusher1879
1744 E. R. Seehl New Improvem. Art of making Sulphur 12 The Shops of the Druggists, Chemists, and Apothecaries.
1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 248 May not the..practice have arisen from..apothecaries vending drugs by retail, and so far interfering with the business of the chemist?
a1845 R. H. Barham Lord of Thoulouse in Ingoldsby Legends (1847) 3rd Ser. 195 The bottles of green and blue light Which you see in a chymist's shop-window at night.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xvi. 140 She arrived in the drug-flavoured region of Mincing Lane, with the sensation of having just opened a drawer in a chemist's shop.
1908 A. Bennett Jrnl. 14 Dec. (1932) I. 300 I..saw a chemist make me a cachet of pyramidon.
1946 B. Noble Doreen xvii. 195 He told Francie that he would leave a prescription with the chemist at Wychmore and her husband could pick up the medicine on his way home.
1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 57 He'd have this piece of paper with his receipt wrote on it: and he'd say to the chemist, ‘Can you mix me this?’
2001 Kenyon Rev. Winter 12 The chemist, as ancient as his shop, sensed something foreign in the way I asked for Band-Aids, not plasters.
b. Originally in the genitive. A shop where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold; (now esp.) such a shop in which toiletries and general health-care products may also be purchased.The genitive use is elliptical for chemist's shop.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shops selling other specific goods
jeweller's shop1632
ironmongery1648
ironmonger1673
jeweller1675
news shop1688
print shop1689
Indian house1692
coal shed1718
pamphlet shop1721
lormery1725
drugstore1771
hardware store1777
junk store1777
chandler-shop1782
junk shop1790
music store1794
pot shop1794
finding store1822
marine store1837
picture house1838
paint shop1847
news agency1852
chemist1856
Army and Navy1878
cyclery1886
jumble-shop1893
pig shop1896
Manchester department1905
lot1909
craft shop1911
garden centre1912
pet shop1927
sex shop1949
video store1949
quincaillerie1951
home centre1955
Army-Navy1965
cookshop1967
sound shop1972
bucket-shop1973
1856 Times 7 July 9/6 The drug was known at the chymists' by the name of ‘quietners’, and was usually purchased by women who had drunken husbands, to cure them of the habit.
1857 Househ. Words 31 Oct. 412/1 Several..look in at the chemist's..to be ‘picked up’.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 18 Aug. 3/1 I took them to a chemist's or I beg pardon: a drug-store.
1963 ‘N. Dunn’ Up Junction 22 We go into the chemist. ‘I want a black rinse, please, with blue lights in it.’
1967 M. Drabble Jerusalem the Golden vii. 172 She had been in the afternoon to the chemist's to buy some Junior Aspirin.
2001 Independent 27 Sept. 8 (heading) Just because a drug is sold at the chemist, that doesn't mean it's risk-free.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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