chemistn.

Brit.

/ˈkɛmɪst/, U.S.

/ˈkɛməst/

Forms:

α. 1500s chymiste, 1500s–1600s chimist, 1500s–1800s chymist, 1600s chymyst.

β. 1600s– chemist.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French chimiste; Latin chymista.

Etymology: < Middle French, French chimiste, French †chymiste (1548) and its etymon post-classical Latin chimista, chymista alchemist, chemist (c1320, 1622 in British sources, 1530 in a continental source), shortened < alchimista alchemist n., apparently as a result of the first element being recognized as the Arabic definite article al- . Compare chemic n. and chemistical adj.With the variation in forms see discussion at chemic n. and adj.).

1. A person who engages in the practice or study of chemistry or (in early use) alchemy; a person who makes chemical investigations; an expert or specialist in chemistry.In early use, the terms chemist and alchemist are often indistinguishable. Later (post-c1700), alchemist began to be distinguished as referring to a person who undertakes the pursuit of goals increasingly regarded as unscientific, such as the transmutation of metals into gold, and the use of chemist to describe such a person became increasingly archaic and historical. See also note at chemistry n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] > alchemist

alchemisterc1405

alchemist?c1425

alkanamyer?c1475

chemic1559

chemist1559

vulcanist?1586

spagyric1593

adeptus1650

elementarist1651

spagyrist1652

trismegist1657

adeptist1662

spagyrite1666

adept1673

transmuter1826

astro-alchemist1876

the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > general chemist > [noun]

chemic1559

chemist1559

laborant1661

chymistatora1682

laboratorian1824

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus Pref. sig. A ij ^v A heauenlye water, or rather diuine of the Chymistes [L. chymistarum]..wherof potable gold, and that philosophers stone much spoken of, but not yet fond, consisteth.

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. f. 1 The Chymistes..doe terme the same, both the Chymick and Chimistick Arte.

a1612 J. Harington Epigrams (1618) ii. 33 An Alcumist, That's all too much, Chimist you might him call, And so I thinke twere true, and leaue out all.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §98 The industry of the Chymists..discerning by their separations, the Oily, Crude, Pure, Impure, Fine, Gross, Parts of Bodies.

c1650 A. Cowley Reason Misc. Like senseless Chymists their own wealth destroy, Imaginary gold t' enjoy.

1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T9521) 73 What the chemists say, of pure acids being never found alone, might as well be said of pure fire.

1750 M. Jones Misc. in Prose & Verse 53 The chemist says he'll turn to gold Each thing he lights upon; And so he will, whene'er he finds The philosophic stone.

1776 J. Priestley Exper. & Observ. Air (ed. 2) II. 187 A substance which the chymists distinguish by the name of fluor..which with us is called Derbyshire Spar.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 423 The endeavours of all the most eminent chemists to ascertain the components of muriatic acid.

1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 130 The termination -ol, to indicate the alcoholic function, is more employed by French than by English chemists.

1882 Independent 14 Dec. 1/2 Old chemist, rapt in alchemy, Distilling silence.

1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) Pref. p. ix The chemist who remembers the part played by the solvent in promoting chemical action and union between two substances.

1990 Woodworker July 695/1 I was..told it [sc. Superglue] was discovered by a chemist who found, whilst distilling new compounds, that his reflux apparatus was stuck together.

2004 D. Lodge Author, Author ii. i. 45 He sent me to University College London to study chemistry. Can you imagine me as a chemist?

2. A Paracelsian physician or iatrochemist. Cf. chemic n. 2. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] > of specific schools or theoretical standpoints > Paracelsic or chemiatric

Paracelsian1574

Paracelsist1574

chemist1585

chemic1617

mineralist1629

chymiater1694

chemiatric1839

1585 R. B. Difference Auncient Phisicke xvii. sig. Hv^v Wherein he agreeth with the auncient and true physick of the Chimists, which teacheth that diseases are caused..by liuely and spirituall vapors and Essencies.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. vi. §1. 84 A skilfull and learned Chymist can aswell by separation of visible elements draw helpfull medicines out of poyson.

1670 G. Acton Let. in Answer Certain Quæries 5 This way of Healing is not performable without the help of such Arcana as are only known to Chymists, and of them, only to the Adepti, not every vulgar Professor of Chymistry.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Galenist At present, the Galenists and chemists are pretty well accommodated.

a1776 R. James Vindic. Fever Powder in Diss. Fevers (1778) 86 I might produce the causes of fevers according to the various principles of the Galenists, the Chymists, the Mechanics.

1843 Times 1 Sept. 5/5 The chymists applied themselves entirely to the effects producible by their art upon the bodily system.

1972 Renaissance Q. 25 181 Shakespeare..utilizes talk of diseases and cures to suggest a connection between Helena and the pharmacological objectives of the chemists.

2001 A. G. Debus Chem. & Med. Deb. i. 21 The first defense of Paracelsian theory in England was that of Rychard Bostok, who compared the work of the chemists with that of the Galenists in 1585.

3. British.

a. A person who dispenses and sells medicinal drugs, a pharmacist; esp. one who works in a shop selling toiletries and general health-care products.Pharmacist is the preferred self-designation within the profession.In the United States pharmacist is the usual term. Cf. also apothecary n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > apothecary or pharmacist > [noun]

spicer1297

apothecary1366

ointment makera1382

pothecaryc1387

pigmentarya1398

pottingar1474

pottingary1487

pothecar?a1505

ypothecar1509

potycaryar1533

pharmacopole?1541

drugger1594

confectioner1606

druggist1608

drugster1611

pharmacopoeian1618

druggister1632

druggard1637

chemica1642

pharmacopolist1651

pharmacopolitan1657

pharmacian1658

spicerer1665

pot-carrier1683

pharmacist1721

knight of the pestle1723

materialist1728

chemist and druggist1748

potter-carrier1764

drug man1769

gallipot1785

drug manufacturer1790

pharmaceutist1795

drug dealer1800

chemist1802

pharmaceutical chemist1821

essence-peddler1838

pill roller1843

pill-peddler1855

squirt1859

pill pusher1879

1744 E. R. Seehl New Improvem. Art of making Sulphur 12 The Shops of the Druggists, Chemists, and Apothecaries.

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 248 May not the..practice have arisen from..apothecaries vending drugs by retail, and so far interfering with the business of the chemist?

a1845 R. H. Barham Lord of Thoulouse in Ingoldsby Legends (1847) 3rd Ser. 195 The bottles of green and blue light Which you see in a chymist's shop-window at night.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xvi. 140 She arrived in the drug-flavoured region of Mincing Lane, with the sensation of having just opened a drawer in a chemist's shop.

1908 A. Bennett Jrnl. 14 Dec. (1932) I. 300 I..saw a chemist make me a cachet of pyramidon.

1946 B. Noble Doreen xvii. 195 He told Francie that he would leave a prescription with the chemist at Wychmore and her husband could pick up the medicine on his way home.

1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 57 He'd have this piece of paper with his receipt wrote on it: and he'd say to the chemist, ‘Can you mix me this?’

2001 Kenyon Rev. Winter 12 The chemist, as ancient as his shop, sensed something foreign in the way I asked for Band-Aids, not plasters.

b. Originally in the genitive. A shop where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold; (now esp.) such a shop in which toiletries and general health-care products may also be purchased.The genitive use is elliptical for chemist's shop.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shops selling other specific goods

jeweller's shop1632

ironmongery1648

ironmonger1673

jeweller1675

news shop1688

print shop1689

Indian house1692

coal shed1718

pamphlet shop1721

lormery1725

drugstore1771

hardware store1777

junk store1777

chandler-shop1782

junk shop1790

music store1794

pot shop1794

finding store1822

marine store1837

picture house1838

paint shop1847

news agency1852

chemist1856

Army and Navy1878

cyclery1886

jumble-shop1893

pig shop1896

Manchester department1905

lot1909

craft shop1911

garden centre1912

pet shop1927

sex shop1949

video store1949

quincaillerie1951

home centre1955

Army-Navy1965

cookshop1967

sound shop1972

bucket-shop1973

1856 Times 7 July 9/6 The drug was known at the chymists' by the name of ‘quietners’, and was usually purchased by women who had drunken husbands, to cure them of the habit.

1857 Househ. Words 31 Oct. 412/1 Several..look in at the chemist's..to be ‘picked up’.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 18 Aug. 3/1 I took them to a chemist's or I beg pardon: a drug-store.

1963 ‘N. Dunn’ Up Junction 22 We go into the chemist. ‘I want a black rinse, please, with blue lights in it.’

1967 M. Drabble Jerusalem the Golden vii. 172 She had been in the afternoon to the chemist's to buy some Junior Aspirin.

2001 Independent 27 Sept. 8 (heading) Just because a drug is sold at the chemist, that doesn't mean it's risk-free.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	chemist
释义	chemistn. Brit. /ˈkɛmɪst/, U.S. /ˈkɛməst/ Forms: α. 1500s chymiste, 1500s–1600s chimist, 1500s–1800s chymist, 1600s chymyst. β. 1600s– chemist. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French chimiste; Latin chymista. Etymology: < Middle French, French chimiste, French †chymiste (1548) and its etymon post-classical Latin chimista, chymista alchemist, chemist (c1320, 1622 in British sources, 1530 in a continental source), shortened < alchimista alchemist n., apparently as a result of the first element being recognized as the Arabic definite article al- . Compare chemic n. and chemistical adj.With the variation in forms see discussion at chemic n. and adj.). 1. A person who engages in the practice or study of chemistry or (in early use) alchemy; a person who makes chemical investigations; an expert or specialist in chemistry.In early use, the terms chemist and alchemist are often indistinguishable. Later (post-c1700), alchemist began to be distinguished as referring to a person who undertakes the pursuit of goals increasingly regarded as unscientific, such as the transmutation of metals into gold, and the use of chemist to describe such a person became increasingly archaic and historical. See also note at chemistry n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] > alchemist alchemisterc1405 alchemist?c1425 alkanamyer?c1475 chemic1559 chemist1559 vulcanist?1586 spagyric1593 adeptus1650 elementarist1651 spagyrist1652 trismegist1657 adeptist1662 spagyrite1666 adept1673 transmuter1826 astro-alchemist1876 the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > general chemist > [noun] chemic1559 chemist1559 laborant1661 chymistatora1682 laboratorian1824 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus Pref. sig. A ij ^v A heauenlye water, or rather diuine of the Chymistes [L. chymistarum]..wherof potable gold, and that philosophers stone much spoken of, but not yet fond, consisteth. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. f. 1 The Chymistes..doe terme the same, both the Chymick and Chimistick Arte. a1612 J. Harington Epigrams (1618) ii. 33 An Alcumist, That's all too much, Chimist you might him call, And so I thinke twere true, and leaue out all. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §98 The industry of the Chymists..discerning by their separations, the Oily, Crude, Pure, Impure, Fine, Gross, Parts of Bodies. c1650 A. Cowley Reason Misc. Like senseless Chymists their own wealth destroy, Imaginary gold t' enjoy. 1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T9521) 73 What the chemists say, of pure acids being never found alone, might as well be said of pure fire. 1750 M. Jones Misc. in Prose & Verse 53 The chemist says he'll turn to gold Each thing he lights upon; And so he will, whene'er he finds The philosophic stone. 1776 J. Priestley Exper. & Observ. Air (ed. 2) II. 187 A substance which the chymists distinguish by the name of fluor..which with us is called Derbyshire Spar. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 423 The endeavours of all the most eminent chemists to ascertain the components of muriatic acid. 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 130 The termination -ol, to indicate the alcoholic function, is more employed by French than by English chemists. 1882 Independent 14 Dec. 1/2 Old chemist, rapt in alchemy, Distilling silence. 1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) Pref. p. ix The chemist who remembers the part played by the solvent in promoting chemical action and union between two substances. 1990 Woodworker July 695/1 I was..told it [sc. Superglue] was discovered by a chemist who found, whilst distilling new compounds, that his reflux apparatus was stuck together. 2004 D. Lodge Author, Author ii. i. 45 He sent me to University College London to study chemistry. Can you imagine me as a chemist? 2. A Paracelsian physician or iatrochemist. Cf. chemic n. 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] > of specific schools or theoretical standpoints > Paracelsic or chemiatric Paracelsian1574 Paracelsist1574 chemist1585 chemic1617 mineralist1629 chymiater1694 chemiatric1839 1585 R. B. Difference Auncient Phisicke xvii. sig. Hv^v Wherein he agreeth with the auncient and true physick of the Chimists, which teacheth that diseases are caused..by liuely and spirituall vapors and Essencies. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. vi. §1. 84 A skilfull and learned Chymist can aswell by separation of visible elements draw helpfull medicines out of poyson. 1670 G. Acton Let. in Answer Certain Quæries 5 This way of Healing is not performable without the help of such Arcana as are only known to Chymists, and of them, only to the Adepti, not every vulgar Professor of Chymistry. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Galenist At present, the Galenists and chemists are pretty well accommodated. a1776 R. James Vindic. Fever Powder in Diss. Fevers (1778) 86 I might produce the causes of fevers according to the various principles of the Galenists, the Chymists, the Mechanics. 1843 Times 1 Sept. 5/5 The chymists applied themselves entirely to the effects producible by their art upon the bodily system. 1972 Renaissance Q. 25 181 Shakespeare..utilizes talk of diseases and cures to suggest a connection between Helena and the pharmacological objectives of the chemists. 2001 A. G. Debus Chem. & Med. Deb. i. 21 The first defense of Paracelsian theory in England was that of Rychard Bostok, who compared the work of the chemists with that of the Galenists in 1585. 3. British. a. A person who dispenses and sells medicinal drugs, a pharmacist; esp. one who works in a shop selling toiletries and general health-care products.Pharmacist is the preferred self-designation within the profession.In the United States pharmacist is the usual term. Cf. also apothecary n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > apothecary or pharmacist > [noun] spicer1297 apothecary1366 ointment makera1382 pothecaryc1387 pigmentarya1398 pottingar1474 pottingary1487 pothecar?a1505 ypothecar1509 potycaryar1533 pharmacopole?1541 drugger1594 confectioner1606 druggist1608 drugster1611 pharmacopoeian1618 druggister1632 druggard1637 chemica1642 pharmacopolist1651 pharmacopolitan1657 pharmacian1658 spicerer1665 pot-carrier1683 pharmacist1721 knight of the pestle1723 materialist1728 chemist and druggist1748 potter-carrier1764 drug man1769 gallipot1785 drug manufacturer1790 pharmaceutist1795 drug dealer1800 chemist1802 pharmaceutical chemist1821 essence-peddler1838 pill roller1843 pill-peddler1855 squirt1859 pill pusher1879 1744 E. R. Seehl New Improvem. Art of making Sulphur 12 The Shops of the Druggists, Chemists, and Apothecaries. 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 248 May not the..practice have arisen from..apothecaries vending drugs by retail, and so far interfering with the business of the chemist? a1845 R. H. Barham Lord of Thoulouse in Ingoldsby Legends (1847) 3rd Ser. 195 The bottles of green and blue light Which you see in a chymist's shop-window at night. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xvi. 140 She arrived in the drug-flavoured region of Mincing Lane, with the sensation of having just opened a drawer in a chemist's shop. 1908 A. Bennett Jrnl. 14 Dec. (1932) I. 300 I..saw a chemist make me a cachet of pyramidon. 1946 B. Noble Doreen xvii. 195 He told Francie that he would leave a prescription with the chemist at Wychmore and her husband could pick up the medicine on his way home. 1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 57 He'd have this piece of paper with his receipt wrote on it: and he'd say to the chemist, ‘Can you mix me this?’ 2001 Kenyon Rev. Winter 12 The chemist, as ancient as his shop, sensed something foreign in the way I asked for Band-Aids, not plasters. b. Originally in the genitive. A shop where medicinal drugs are dispensed and sold; (now esp.) such a shop in which toiletries and general health-care products may also be purchased.The genitive use is elliptical for chemist's shop. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shops selling other specific goods jeweller's shop1632 ironmongery1648 ironmonger1673 jeweller1675 news shop1688 print shop1689 Indian house1692 coal shed1718 pamphlet shop1721 lormery1725 drugstore1771 hardware store1777 junk store1777 chandler-shop1782 junk shop1790 music store1794 pot shop1794 finding store1822 marine store1837 picture house1838 paint shop1847 news agency1852 chemist1856 Army and Navy1878 cyclery1886 jumble-shop1893 pig shop1896 Manchester department1905 lot1909 craft shop1911 garden centre1912 pet shop1927 sex shop1949 video store1949 quincaillerie1951 home centre1955 Army-Navy1965 cookshop1967 sound shop1972 bucket-shop1973 1856 Times 7 July 9/6 The drug was known at the chymists' by the name of ‘quietners’, and was usually purchased by women who had drunken husbands, to cure them of the habit. 1857 Househ. Words 31 Oct. 412/1 Several..look in at the chemist's..to be ‘picked up’. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 18 Aug. 3/1 I took them to a chemist's or I beg pardon: a drug-store. 1963 ‘N. Dunn’ Up Junction 22 We go into the chemist. ‘I want a black rinse, please, with blue lights in it.’ 1967 M. Drabble Jerusalem the Golden vii. 172 She had been in the afternoon to the chemist's to buy some Junior Aspirin. 2001 Independent 27 Sept. 8 (heading) Just because a drug is sold at the chemist, that doesn't mean it's risk-free. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1559
随便看	to murder dead to murder down to murder to death to murmur a judge to muscle up to muse as one uses to mush it up to muster in to muster into service to muster off to muster one's arms to muster out to muster out of service to muster strong to muster up to muzzle the mouth to muzzle up the mouth to my behalf to my conception to my etc way of thinking to my her way of thinking to my knowledge to my left to my mind to my right