chaldern.¹

Brit.

/ˈtʃɔːldə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃɔldər/,

/ˈtʃɑldər/, Scottish English

/ˈtʃɔdər/,

/ˈtʃaldər/

Forms: Also 1500s chawlder, chaudder, 1600s chauder.

Etymology: apparently < Old French chaudière (also chaudere , chaldere , caldere ) = Provençal caudiera , Spanish caldera , Portuguese caldeira < Latin caldāria , < caldus , calidus hot; but possibly a shortened form of chaldron n. In sense 1, a medieval Latin celdra occurs in early Scottish statutes, and a corresponding vernacular form celdre is found.

Scottish.

1. An obsolete dry measure of capacity: in Scotland 16 bolls or 64 firlots of corn, making nearly 12 quarters Winchester measure: used in the computation of the stipends of the parish ministers. For lime and coal it varied from 32 to 64 imperial bushels. (Formerly, also †celdre.)

ΚΠ

a1300 Leg. 4 Burg. lxvii Pistor habeat ad lucrum de qualibet celdra.]

α. 15.. Chart. Aberd. 140 (Jam.) Alsmekill land as a celdr of aits will schawe.15.. Chart. Aberd. 140 (Jam.) George of Gordoun..occupeis a celdre of atis sawyne pertenand to Dunmetht.β. a1500 Act Will. in Skene Reg. Maj. (1609) 3 Ane husband man and ane fermer, sall gif the thritten veschell of their lands of service: and maireour of ane chalder, ane firlot (for knawship).c1540 Rev. Coldingham Priory in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 No. 11. 62 (note) Wheat, 6 chalders, 7 bolls, 3 firlots, 2 pecks.c1610 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 408 His Part..was thirteen Chalders of Victual.a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) vi. 63 The stipend..was five chalders of victual and 80 merks.1738 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 2) II. 175 The Quantity of Coals..supposed to be about 500,000 Chalder, every Chalder containing thirty-six Bushels.1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 286 The [lime] shells are sold at two shillings and twopence the boll, and the raw stones at seven shillings the chalder.1812 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1851) I. 274 I had only got three chalders of augmentation where I asked and had reason to look for six.1813 N. Carlisle Topogr. Dict. Scotl. II. sig. B3 The stipend..was 2 chalders of meal, and 2 chalders of bear, £600 Scotch, and £30 Scotch for Communion elements.

†2. In England = chaldron n., but for coal and lime varying in quantity from 32 to 40 bushels, according as the measure was stroked or heaped. (Apparently a northern word, introduced into the London market with coal.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > thirty-two-forty bushels or chaldron

chalder1570

chaldron1615

coal measure1662

1570 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 324 XV Chalders of Coales.

1581 MS. Acc. Hull Charterhouse For sleckinge & siftinge of half a chawlder of lyme, iiijd.

1582 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 88 A chaudder of corne.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 133 Of barley..they..carry but a chalder, i.e. 4 quarter or 9 seckes, in a waine.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 255 The publick Fires..cost the City about 200 Chalder of Coals a Week.

1779 Ann. Reg. 1778 161/1 Last year there was imported into London from Newcastle and Sunderland 692093¼ chalders of coals.

3. As a liquid measure. (humorous.)

ΚΠ

1630 Tincker of Turvey 2 Whole Chauders of strong Ale.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	chalder
释义	chaldern.¹ Brit. /ˈtʃɔːldə/, U.S. /ˈtʃɔldər/, /ˈtʃɑldər/, Scottish English /ˈtʃɔdər/, /ˈtʃaldər/ Forms: Also 1500s chawlder, chaudder, 1600s chauder. Etymology: apparently < Old French chaudière (also chaudere , chaldere , caldere ) = Provençal caudiera , Spanish caldera , Portuguese caldeira < Latin caldāria , < caldus , calidus hot; but possibly a shortened form of chaldron n. In sense 1, a medieval Latin celdra occurs in early Scottish statutes, and a corresponding vernacular form celdre is found. Scottish. 1. An obsolete dry measure of capacity: in Scotland 16 bolls or 64 firlots of corn, making nearly 12 quarters Winchester measure: used in the computation of the stipends of the parish ministers. For lime and coal it varied from 32 to 64 imperial bushels. (Formerly, also †celdre.) ΚΠ a1300 Leg. 4 Burg. lxvii Pistor habeat ad lucrum de qualibet celdra.] α. 15.. Chart. Aberd. 140 (Jam.) Alsmekill land as a celdr of aits will schawe.15.. Chart. Aberd. 140 (Jam.) George of Gordoun..occupeis a celdre of atis sawyne pertenand to Dunmetht.β. a1500 Act Will. in Skene Reg. Maj. (1609) 3 Ane husband man and ane fermer, sall gif the thritten veschell of their lands of service: and maireour of ane chalder, ane firlot (for knawship).c1540 Rev. Coldingham Priory in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 No. 11. 62 (note) Wheat, 6 chalders, 7 bolls, 3 firlots, 2 pecks.c1610 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 408 His Part..was thirteen Chalders of Victual.a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) vi. 63 The stipend..was five chalders of victual and 80 merks.1738 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 2) II. 175 The Quantity of Coals..supposed to be about 500,000 Chalder, every Chalder containing thirty-six Bushels.1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 286 The [lime] shells are sold at two shillings and twopence the boll, and the raw stones at seven shillings the chalder.1812 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1851) I. 274 I had only got three chalders of augmentation where I asked and had reason to look for six.1813 N. Carlisle Topogr. Dict. Scotl. II. sig. B3 The stipend..was 2 chalders of meal, and 2 chalders of bear, £600 Scotch, and £30 Scotch for Communion elements. †2. In England = chaldron n., but for coal and lime varying in quantity from 32 to 40 bushels, according as the measure was stroked or heaped. (Apparently a northern word, introduced into the London market with coal.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > thirty-two-forty bushels or chaldron chalder1570 chaldron1615 coal measure1662 1570 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 324 XV Chalders of Coales. 1581 MS. Acc. Hull Charterhouse For sleckinge & siftinge of half a chawlder of lyme, iiijd. 1582 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 88 A chaudder of corne. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 133 Of barley..they..carry but a chalder, i.e. 4 quarter or 9 seckes, in a waine. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 255 The publick Fires..cost the City about 200 Chalder of Coals a Week. 1779 Ann. Reg. 1778 161/1 Last year there was imported into London from Newcastle and Sunderland 692093¼ chalders of coals. 3. As a liquid measure. (humorous.) ΚΠ 1630 Tincker of Turvey 2 Whole Chauders of strong Ale. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). chaldern.² /ˈtʃɔːldə/ Nautical. A rudder-brace or gudgeon. ΚΠ 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Chalders, synonymous with gudgeons of the rudder. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2018). < n.¹a1500n.²1867
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chaldern.1

chaldern.2

chaldern.¹

chaldern.²