Chaghatain.adj.

Brit.

/ˌtʃaɡəˈtɑːi/,

/ˌtʃaɡəˈtʌɪ/, U.S.

/ˌtʃæɡəˈtaɪ/

Forms: 1500s Zagathai, 1500s Zagathei, 1500s–1900s Zagatai, 1600s 1800s Zagetai, 1700s–1800s Zagatay, 1700s– Chagatai, 1700s– Jagatay, 1700s– Jaghatai, 1800s– Chagatay, 1800s– Chaghatai, 1800s– Chaghatay, 1800s– Chaghtai, 1800s– Jagatai, 1800s– Jaghatay.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Chaghatai.

Etymology: Ultimately < the name of Chaghatai Khan (see definition below), originally via post-classical Latin Zagatai, Zagathai (plural) subjects of the Chaghatai khanate (1525 in the source translated in quot. 1555 at sense A. 1a, or earlier). In sense A. 1b originally via German Tschagatai (1675 or earlier). Compare Italian Zagatai subject of the Chaghatai khanate (1572 or earlier; now usually Chagatai) and Ottoman Turkish Çaġatay (Turkish Çağatay) subject of the Chaghatai khanate, member of an ethnic group in Central Asia, Turkish Çağatayca literary language of Central Asia.With sense A. 1b compare Uzbek Chigʻatoy (plural Chigʻatoylar ) in this sense (now apparently historical). With sense B. 2 compare Chaghatai çaġatāi (adjective) in this sense (15th cent.). With Chaghataian adj. and n. at Derivatives compare other early derivatives (partly < the shortened base Zagat- ; compare -in suffix², -ian suffix, -ean suffix): Zagatian (1555), Zagathian (1586), Zagathain (1594), Zagatyn (1598), Zagatain (1652), Zagathinian (1662), Zagatean, Zagathean (1664).

A. n.

1. Chiefly in plural.

a. A ruler, soldier, or subject of the Mongol khanate founded in Central Asia by Chaghatai (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan, or one of its Turco-Mongol successor states. In later use historical (rare before 19th cent.).On the history and extent of the khanates of Chaghatai and his successors, see Chaghatai khanate n. at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 281 Beyond the Nogais.., the nobelest nation of the Tartars cauled Zagathai [L. Zagathai Tartarorum nobilissimi], inhabite townes buylded of stone, and haue an exceadynge greate and fayre citie cauled Samarcanda.

1600 J. Pory in tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. 385 The Zagatai, who through the emulation they haue with the Persians (vpon whome they border and contend for Empire) as concerning sect, follow the opinion of the Turkes.

1838 Jrnl. Asiatic. Soc. Bengal 7 533 This was a lead mine which had been worked in the time of the Chagatais, but which, from the ignorance of the Afghans or the troubles which have so constantly beset them, has been totally neglected.

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 101/2 An invasion of Jaghatais and the irruption..by Timúr are salient points in the history of Sistán prior to the Safawid conquest (1508).

1955 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 17 62 The battle lasted three days and nights and on the fourth day signs of weariness became manifest among the Chaghatays.

2015 C. Peers Genghis Khan & Mongol War Machine (electronic ed.) vii The Mongols who remained in Mongolia and the adjacent regions..spent much of their time fighting their fellow Mongols—though the Chagatais continued to campaign as far afield as the Delhi Sultanate.

b. A member of any of several ethnic groups living in Central Asia, esp. in the south-east of Uzbekistan and southern Tajikistan. [Ultimately so called as claiming descent from, or being assumed to be descended from, the groups denoted by sense A. 1a.]

ΚΠ

1874 T. Wirgman tr. F. von Hellwald Russians in Central Asia vi. 106 The Uzbeks..are divided into numerous tribes, of which the most important are:—The Ming..; the Chagátáis [Ger. Tschagatai], settled at Namaghán.

1991 Y. Bregel in R. L. Canfield Turko-Persian in Hist. Perspective iii. 63 In Transoxiana they [sc. a truly mixed cultural type] were called Tajiks or Chaghatais and were Tajik speaking or bilingual, but some..were also Turkic-speaking.

1994 J. S. Olson Ethnohistorical Dict. Russ. & Soviet Empires 143 The Chagatai..are today a subgroup of the Tajiks although their origin may very well be Mongol.

2010 K. Abdullaev & S. Abdullaev Hist. Dict. Tajikistan (ed. 2) 87 In 1924, there were about 6,000 Chaghatais in southern Tajikistan... Their current size is unknown because Chaghatais are no longer registered officially as a separate identity.

2. The Southeast Turkic language used as a literary standard in much of Central Asia and in other Turkic-speaking regions between the 15th and early 20th centuries.The closest modern relatives of Chaghatai are the Uzbek and Uighur languages.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] > Turkic > Jagatai

Chaghatai1797

Chaghataic1861

Kipchak1970

1797 Oriental Coll. I. 243 In Jaghatai the people of Oighur had a system of fourteen letters, which are the characters the Mongals are supposed to have borrowed.

1811 Christian Observer June 371/1 Dr. Leyden..has offered to conduct translations of the Scriptures in the following languages—viz. the Affghan; the Cashmirian; the Jaghatai, or the language spoken in Bochara, Balk, and Samarchand, and in other cities of Usbeck, and Independent Tartary.

1871 E. Thomas Chron. Pathán Kings of Delhi 49 Vambéry gives a totally different word for ‘white’ in Chaghatai.

1962 A. Tietze in F. W. Householder & S. Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. 266 Jagatai and other non-Ottoman Turkic languages.

2015 Slavic Rev. 74 692 Russian and its neighboring languages, including not only Slavic languages but also Uzbek, Chagatai (medieval Uzbek), and Turkmen.

B. adj.

1. Designating the people known as Chaghatais (sense A. 1); of or belonging to the Chagatais.

ΚΠ

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. vi. 321 Ismael after this warred, and wonne, vpon the Zagatai Tartars, and other adiacent Nations.

1837 H. Caunter Oriental Ann. ix. 89 The Jagatay army on its return ravaged the conquered provinces.

1885 Colonist (Nelson, N.Z.) 2 May According to local tradition Badghis was once peopled with Jagatai Tartars.

1946 Amer. Hist. Rev. 52 44 We have the Ottoman Turks, the Seljuk Turks, the Chagatai Mongols, and the Nogai Tatars, to mention only a few.

2012 Jrnl. Econ. & Social Hist. Orient 55 294 Akbar's Timurid and Chaghatay ancestry.

2. Designating the Southeast Turkic language used as a literary standard in much of Central Asia and other Turkic-speaking regions between the 15th and early 20th centuries; of or relating to this language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [adjective] > Turkic > of specific Turkic languages

Nogai1589

Tartaresque1699

Chaghatai1798

Ghuzz1866

Kashgar1875

Oghuzian1880

Kazakh1886

Sart1898

Kipchak1953

Tuvinian1954

Oghuz1959

Tuvan1989

1798 W. Eton Surv. Turkish Empire 202 The Zagatai language, as must necessarily be the case with a tongue spoken by such barbarians, was poor and confined.

1816 R. Pinkerton Let. 16 June in 13th Rep. Brit. & Foreign Bible Soc. (1817) 75 Our conductor..was not long in procuring me a sight of a beautiful copy of the five books of Moses, in the pure Jagatai Tartar, written in the Hebrew character.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 406/1 The Jagatáï language has a valuable literature.

1900 ‘Odysseus’ Turkey in Europe iii. 101 Sart..[is] now commonly used as a name for the Jagatai Turkish spoken in those provinces [sc. Fergana, Turkestan, etc.].

1946 Amer. Slavic & East European Rev. 5 217 The word..is found only in Ottoman..and Chagatay literature.

2016 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 129 295 The Chagatai script in the Arabic alphabet.

Compounds

Chaghatai khanate n. the Mongol khanate founded in Central Asia by Chaghatai (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan; one of the Mongol or Turco-Mongol khanates ruled by descendants and successors of Chaghatai from his death to the end of the 17th cent.At the height of its power in the 13th cent., the Chaghatai khanate ruled parts of modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and western China.

ΚΠ

1866 H. Yule Cathay & Way Thither I. p. cxxi The Chagatai Khanate, or Middle Empire of the Tartars, with its capital at Almalik, included the modern Dsungaria, part of Chinese Turkestan, Transoxiana, and Afghanistan.

1925 Geogr. Jrnl. 65 496 They remained exposed to this danger through the continued existence of the Chagatai Khanate along the Tien Shan until the death of Timur, or Tamerlane.

1972 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 92 357/2 The Mongol Empire broken into its component states—the Great Khanate, the Jaghatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, and the Ilkhanate.

2004 Artibus Asiae 64 246 He lived as a political refugee at the court of the Chaghatai Khanate.

Derivatives

Chaghaˈtaic n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] > Turkic > Jagatai

Chaghatai1797

Chaghataic1861

Kipchak1970

1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. 382 (table) Chagataic, S.E.

1867 W. D. Whitney Lang. & Study of Lang. viii. 313 From the south-eastern division of the same branch, generally called the Jagataic, or Oriental Turkish, we have a literature of some value, dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

1908 T. G. Tucker Introd. Nat. Hist. Lang. viii. 134 Uiguric, including Uigur proper, Jagataic, and Turkoman, the dialects spoken in the parts of Turkestan not occupied by the Kirghiz.

1984 Arctic 37 582/2 In 1726 in Leiden a work was published titled Histoire généalogique des Tartars, anonymously translated into French from a Jagataic manuscript.

2015 H.E. Boeschoten & J. O'Kane Al-Rabghūzī I. Introd. p. xiv Khwarezmian Turkish may be viewed as the transitional stage from Qarakhānid Turkish to Chaghataic.

Chaghaˈtaian adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 212 Hee was..borne at Samercand, the cheefe citie of the Zagataian Tartars.

1734 N. Tindal tr. D. Cantemir Hist. Growth & Decay Othman Empire I. Pref. p. viii/2 Turkistan, a Country lying between the Chagataian Tartars and the Chinese, is assigned by most..Geographers for the Seat of the Turks or Turcomans.

a1856 J. Stoddart Glossol. (1858) i. 13 He classes them, as at present existing, under ten heads—the Oughour, Jagataian, Kabojak,..Tchouvach, and Osmanli.

1951 Southwestern Jrnl. Anthropol. 7 238 Farther east, where there was little resistance, the Chagataians crossed the Hindu Kush at frequent intervals.

1958 E. E. Bacon Obok i. i. 4 During the latter part of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth centuries Chagataian armies swept repeatedly across the Hindu Kush and into India.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	chaghatai
释义	Chaghatain.adj. Brit. /ˌtʃaɡəˈtɑːi/, /ˌtʃaɡəˈtʌɪ/, U.S. /ˌtʃæɡəˈtaɪ/ Forms: 1500s Zagathai, 1500s Zagathei, 1500s–1900s Zagatai, 1600s 1800s Zagetai, 1700s–1800s Zagatay, 1700s– Chagatai, 1700s– Jagatay, 1700s– Jaghatai, 1800s– Chagatay, 1800s– Chaghatai, 1800s– Chaghatay, 1800s– Chaghtai, 1800s– Jagatai, 1800s– Jaghatay. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Chaghatai. Etymology: Ultimately < the name of Chaghatai Khan (see definition below), originally via post-classical Latin Zagatai, Zagathai (plural) subjects of the Chaghatai khanate (1525 in the source translated in quot. 1555 at sense A. 1a, or earlier). In sense A. 1b originally via German Tschagatai (1675 or earlier). Compare Italian Zagatai subject of the Chaghatai khanate (1572 or earlier; now usually Chagatai) and Ottoman Turkish Çaġatay (Turkish Çağatay) subject of the Chaghatai khanate, member of an ethnic group in Central Asia, Turkish Çağatayca literary language of Central Asia.With sense A. 1b compare Uzbek Chigʻatoy (plural Chigʻatoylar ) in this sense (now apparently historical). With sense B. 2 compare Chaghatai çaġatāi (adjective) in this sense (15th cent.). With Chaghataian adj. and n. at Derivatives compare other early derivatives (partly < the shortened base Zagat- ; compare -in suffix², -ian suffix, -ean suffix): Zagatian (1555), Zagathian (1586), Zagathain (1594), Zagatyn (1598), Zagatain (1652), Zagathinian (1662), Zagatean, Zagathean (1664). A. n. 1. Chiefly in plural. a. A ruler, soldier, or subject of the Mongol khanate founded in Central Asia by Chaghatai (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan, or one of its Turco-Mongol successor states. In later use historical (rare before 19th cent.).On the history and extent of the khanates of Chaghatai and his successors, see Chaghatai khanate n. at Compounds. ΚΠ 1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 281 Beyond the Nogais.., the nobelest nation of the Tartars cauled Zagathai [L. Zagathai Tartarorum nobilissimi], inhabite townes buylded of stone, and haue an exceadynge greate and fayre citie cauled Samarcanda. 1600 J. Pory in tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. 385 The Zagatai, who through the emulation they haue with the Persians (vpon whome they border and contend for Empire) as concerning sect, follow the opinion of the Turkes. 1838 Jrnl. Asiatic. Soc. Bengal 7 533 This was a lead mine which had been worked in the time of the Chagatais, but which, from the ignorance of the Afghans or the troubles which have so constantly beset them, has been totally neglected. 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 101/2 An invasion of Jaghatais and the irruption..by Timúr are salient points in the history of Sistán prior to the Safawid conquest (1508). 1955 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 17 62 The battle lasted three days and nights and on the fourth day signs of weariness became manifest among the Chaghatays. 2015 C. Peers Genghis Khan & Mongol War Machine (electronic ed.) vii The Mongols who remained in Mongolia and the adjacent regions..spent much of their time fighting their fellow Mongols—though the Chagatais continued to campaign as far afield as the Delhi Sultanate. b. A member of any of several ethnic groups living in Central Asia, esp. in the south-east of Uzbekistan and southern Tajikistan. [Ultimately so called as claiming descent from, or being assumed to be descended from, the groups denoted by sense A. 1a.] ΚΠ 1874 T. Wirgman tr. F. von Hellwald Russians in Central Asia vi. 106 The Uzbeks..are divided into numerous tribes, of which the most important are:—The Ming..; the Chagátáis [Ger. Tschagatai], settled at Namaghán. 1991 Y. Bregel in R. L. Canfield Turko-Persian in Hist. Perspective iii. 63 In Transoxiana they [sc. a truly mixed cultural type] were called Tajiks or Chaghatais and were Tajik speaking or bilingual, but some..were also Turkic-speaking. 1994 J. S. Olson Ethnohistorical Dict. Russ. & Soviet Empires 143 The Chagatai..are today a subgroup of the Tajiks although their origin may very well be Mongol. 2010 K. Abdullaev & S. Abdullaev Hist. Dict. Tajikistan (ed. 2) 87 In 1924, there were about 6,000 Chaghatais in southern Tajikistan... Their current size is unknown because Chaghatais are no longer registered officially as a separate identity. 2. The Southeast Turkic language used as a literary standard in much of Central Asia and in other Turkic-speaking regions between the 15th and early 20th centuries.The closest modern relatives of Chaghatai are the Uzbek and Uighur languages. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] > Turkic > Jagatai Chaghatai1797 Chaghataic1861 Kipchak1970 1797 Oriental Coll. I. 243 In Jaghatai the people of Oighur had a system of fourteen letters, which are the characters the Mongals are supposed to have borrowed. 1811 Christian Observer June 371/1 Dr. Leyden..has offered to conduct translations of the Scriptures in the following languages—viz. the Affghan; the Cashmirian; the Jaghatai, or the language spoken in Bochara, Balk, and Samarchand, and in other cities of Usbeck, and Independent Tartary. 1871 E. Thomas Chron. Pathán Kings of Delhi 49 Vambéry gives a totally different word for ‘white’ in Chaghatai. 1962 A. Tietze in F. W. Householder & S. Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. 266 Jagatai and other non-Ottoman Turkic languages. 2015 Slavic Rev. 74 692 Russian and its neighboring languages, including not only Slavic languages but also Uzbek, Chagatai (medieval Uzbek), and Turkmen. B. adj. 1. Designating the people known as Chaghatais (sense A. 1); of or belonging to the Chagatais. ΚΠ 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. vi. 321 Ismael after this warred, and wonne, vpon the Zagatai Tartars, and other adiacent Nations. 1837 H. Caunter Oriental Ann. ix. 89 The Jagatay army on its return ravaged the conquered provinces. 1885 Colonist (Nelson, N.Z.) 2 May According to local tradition Badghis was once peopled with Jagatai Tartars. 1946 Amer. Hist. Rev. 52 44 We have the Ottoman Turks, the Seljuk Turks, the Chagatai Mongols, and the Nogai Tatars, to mention only a few. 2012 Jrnl. Econ. & Social Hist. Orient 55 294 Akbar's Timurid and Chaghatay ancestry. 2. Designating the Southeast Turkic language used as a literary standard in much of Central Asia and other Turkic-speaking regions between the 15th and early 20th centuries; of or relating to this language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [adjective] > Turkic > of specific Turkic languages Nogai1589 Tartaresque1699 Chaghatai1798 Ghuzz1866 Kashgar1875 Oghuzian1880 Kazakh1886 Sart1898 Kipchak1953 Tuvinian1954 Oghuz1959 Tuvan1989 1798 W. Eton Surv. Turkish Empire 202 The Zagatai language, as must necessarily be the case with a tongue spoken by such barbarians, was poor and confined. 1816 R. Pinkerton Let. 16 June in 13th Rep. Brit. & Foreign Bible Soc. (1817) 75 Our conductor..was not long in procuring me a sight of a beautiful copy of the five books of Moses, in the pure Jagatai Tartar, written in the Hebrew character. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 406/1 The Jagatáï language has a valuable literature. 1900 ‘Odysseus’ Turkey in Europe iii. 101 Sart..[is] now commonly used as a name for the Jagatai Turkish spoken in those provinces [sc. Fergana, Turkestan, etc.]. 1946 Amer. Slavic & East European Rev. 5 217 The word..is found only in Ottoman..and Chagatay literature. 2016 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 129 295 The Chagatai script in the Arabic alphabet. Compounds Chaghatai khanate n. the Mongol khanate founded in Central Asia by Chaghatai (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan; one of the Mongol or Turco-Mongol khanates ruled by descendants and successors of Chaghatai from his death to the end of the 17th cent.At the height of its power in the 13th cent., the Chaghatai khanate ruled parts of modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and western China. ΚΠ 1866 H. Yule Cathay & Way Thither I. p. cxxi The Chagatai Khanate, or Middle Empire of the Tartars, with its capital at Almalik, included the modern Dsungaria, part of Chinese Turkestan, Transoxiana, and Afghanistan. 1925 Geogr. Jrnl. 65 496 They remained exposed to this danger through the continued existence of the Chagatai Khanate along the Tien Shan until the death of Timur, or Tamerlane. 1972 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 92 357/2 The Mongol Empire broken into its component states—the Great Khanate, the Jaghatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, and the Ilkhanate. 2004 Artibus Asiae 64 246 He lived as a political refugee at the court of the Chaghatai Khanate. Derivatives Chaghaˈtaic n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] > Turkic > Jagatai Chaghatai1797 Chaghataic1861 Kipchak1970 1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. 382 (table) Chagataic, S.E. 1867 W. D. Whitney Lang. & Study of Lang. viii. 313 From the south-eastern division of the same branch, generally called the Jagataic, or Oriental Turkish, we have a literature of some value, dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. 1908 T. G. Tucker Introd. Nat. Hist. Lang. viii. 134 Uiguric, including Uigur proper, Jagataic, and Turkoman, the dialects spoken in the parts of Turkestan not occupied by the Kirghiz. 1984 Arctic 37 582/2 In 1726 in Leiden a work was published titled Histoire généalogique des Tartars, anonymously translated into French from a Jagataic manuscript. 2015 H.E. Boeschoten & J. O'Kane Al-Rabghūzī I. Introd. p. xiv Khwarezmian Turkish may be viewed as the transitional stage from Qarakhānid Turkish to Chaghataic. Chaghaˈtaian adj. and n. ΚΠ 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 212 Hee was..borne at Samercand, the cheefe citie of the Zagataian Tartars. 1734 N. Tindal tr. D. Cantemir Hist. Growth & Decay Othman Empire I. Pref. p. viii/2 Turkistan, a Country lying between the Chagataian Tartars and the Chinese, is assigned by most..Geographers for the Seat of the Turks or Turcomans. a1856 J. Stoddart Glossol. (1858) i. 13 He classes them, as at present existing, under ten heads—the Oughour, Jagataian, Kabojak,..Tchouvach, and Osmanli. 1951 Southwestern Jrnl. Anthropol. 7 238 Farther east, where there was little resistance, the Chagataians crossed the Hindu Kush at frequent intervals. 1958 E. E. Bacon Obok i. i. 4 During the latter part of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth centuries Chagataian armies swept repeatedly across the Hindu Kush and into India. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1555
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