merelsn.

Brit.

/ˈmɛrəlz/, U.S.

/ˈmɛrəlz/

Forms:

α. (In singular form) Middle English merel, Middle English merelle, 1600s marlin, 1600s miracle, 1600s moral, 1600s morrell; English regional 1800s marl (southern), 1800s merril (in compounds) (north-western), 1800s– marrel (southern).

β. (In plural form) Middle English mereles, Middle English merellis, Middle English merellys, Middle English–1600s (1900s– historical in sense 2b) merelles, Middle English– merels, 1600s merells, 1600s merills, 1600s–1700s merils, 1800s merls, 1800s merrels, 1800s– merrills, 1800s– merrils, 1900s– marelles, 1900s– morelles; English regional 1800s merells (midlands), 1800s murrells (midlands), 1800s– merelles, 1800s– merls, 1800s– merrills (northern).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French merele.

Etymology: < Middle French merele, merelle, feminine (late 11th cent in Old French; French marelle (rare before 19th cent., replacing earlier mérelle (current to 18th cent., and 19th cent. as archaism)), and marel , merel , masculine (12th cent. in Old French; French regional méreau ; compare Anglo-Norman merel in sense ‘counter’), both probably < an unattested Romance base *marr- stone, rock (compare French regional (Poitiers) marre rock, Occitan marro tufa; perhaps from the same base are maroon n.¹, and marron n.¹: see further Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at *marr-). Compare mill n.¹ 9a, morris n.²The word is attested earliest in Old French in feminine form in the sense ‘token, piece of wood’ (11th cent.) and in masculine form in the sense ‘token, coin, piece of stone or wood thrown in sports’ (12th cent.); it is attested (in feminine form) in the sense ‘piece or counter in a game’ in the late 13th cent., and soon after (in singular and in plural) as the name of a game played with such pieces or counters on a board marked with a figure of intersecting lines ( > Italian regional (Sicily) marrella, maredda, smerelli), and in the 16th cent. as the name of this figure; it is attested later (late 17th cent.) also as the name of a children's game involving pushing a quoit on a figure sketched on the ground, and (late 19th cent.) as the name of the figure on which this game is played. Compare post-classical Latin merellus, mirellum counter (14th cent. in British sources). For other names of the same game in English regional use, perhaps all originating as alterations of this word, see H. J. R. Murray Hist. Board-games (1952) 38.

Now historical and English regional.

†1. In singular form. Each of the counters or pieces used in the game of nine men's morris (see morris n.²). Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > games similar to draughts > [noun] > merels > piece

merelsa1393

table stone1851

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 430 (MED) So that under the clerkes lawe, Men sen the Merel al mysdrawe.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 3266 Wherof ensamples ben ynowhe Of hem that thilke merel drowhe.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Merelles Played..in France with pawnes, or men made of purpose, and tearmed Merelles.

2. In plural form (formerly also in singular form).

a. The game of nine men's morris. Also: a variant of this game played with three counters.Sometimes with preceding word or words indicating the number and type of counters used, as nine men's merels, ninepenny merels, etc.The alternative name fivepenny merels is unexplained (in quot. 1627 it refers to the three-counter game). H. J. R. Murray ( Hist. Board-games 1952 iii. 42–3) treats it as a five-counter game, distinct from nine men's morris.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > games similar to draughts > [noun] > merels

merelsc1449

morris1600

ninepenny marl1694

ninepenny morris1694

shepherd's chess1869

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 120 Where is it also grondid in Holi Scripture that men myȝten alloweabili..pleie..bi sitting at the merels?

c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 2404 (MED) At mereles, dees, and tables He kan pley passyngly.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 1250 (MED) Leve now al thy foly and thy rebawdy, As Tablis & merellis and þe hazardry.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 11192 (MED) I wyl nat spare To hunte for hert..shetyn at bessellys, And affter pleyn at the merellys [Fr. mereillier, merell].

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Merelles. Le Ieu des merelles, the boyish game called Merills, or fiue-pennie Morris; played here most commonly with stones.

1627 W. Hawkins Apollo Shroving iii. iv. 49 That can set his three along in a row, And that is fippeny morrell.

1694 T. Hyde Hist. Nerdiludii 204 in Mandragorias Alia habet Nomina secundum numerum frustulorum quibus luditur..: sicut est Marlin: alias three mens Morals, & nine mens Morals, & nine penny miracle,..alias three penny Moris, aut five penny Moris, aut nine penny Moris [etc.]... Pro his autem omnibus verius & rectius dicendum est three pin Merells, aut nine pin Merells.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Merils,..otherwise call'd Fivepenny Morris.

1826 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 983 There is an ancient game, played by the ‘shepherds of Salisbury Plain’, and ‘village rustics’ in that part of the country, called ‘Ninepenny Marl’.

1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words. Holderness Merrils, a game played on a square board with 18 pegs, nine on each side. Called in many parts nine men's morris.

1945 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 75 16/1 Two other board games, backgammon or nard and merels, seem to have had a similarly penetrative distribution.

1952 H. J. R. Murray Hist. Board-games iii. 43 A passage in Apollo Shroving..confuses this game [sc. fivepenny morris] with the smaller [three-counter] merels.

1995 S. K. Penman When Christ & his Saints Slept (1996) xxvii. 373 He found Hugh slouching morosely in a corner, playing a game of merels with Alexander de Bohun.

b. The game of fox and geese (see fox n. Compounds 2d). rare.The board for this game is created by placing five three-counter merels boards in a cross ( H. J. R. Murray Hist. Board-games 1952 v. 98).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > games similar to draughts > [noun] > fox and geese

fox and geese1633

merels1902

1902 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 16 195 The royal household [under Edw. IV] found delight in games of chess and ‘marelles’. For the latter game ‘2 foxes and forty-six hounds of silver overgilt’ were purchased to form two sets.

Compounds

With first element in singular form.

† General attributive. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) 68/1 A 9 Hole Board..some terme this a miracle board and the game Miracles.

1867 B. Brierley Marlocks of Merriton 95 One [chair] in particular had supplied the material for a ‘merril’ board.

1889 Folk-Lore Jrnl. 7 233 The boys of a cottage near Dorchester had..carved a ‘marrel’ pound on a block of stone by the house.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	merels
释义	merelsn. Brit. /ˈmɛrəlz/, U.S. /ˈmɛrəlz/ Forms: α. (In singular form) Middle English merel, Middle English merelle, 1600s marlin, 1600s miracle, 1600s moral, 1600s morrell; English regional 1800s marl (southern), 1800s merril (in compounds) (north-western), 1800s– marrel (southern). β. (In plural form) Middle English mereles, Middle English merellis, Middle English merellys, Middle English–1600s (1900s– historical in sense 2b) merelles, Middle English– merels, 1600s merells, 1600s merills, 1600s–1700s merils, 1800s merls, 1800s merrels, 1800s– merrills, 1800s– merrils, 1900s– marelles, 1900s– morelles; English regional 1800s merells (midlands), 1800s murrells (midlands), 1800s– merelles, 1800s– merls, 1800s– merrills (northern). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French merele. Etymology: < Middle French merele, merelle, feminine (late 11th cent in Old French; French marelle (rare before 19th cent., replacing earlier mérelle (current to 18th cent., and 19th cent. as archaism)), and marel , merel , masculine (12th cent. in Old French; French regional méreau ; compare Anglo-Norman merel in sense ‘counter’), both probably < an unattested Romance base *marr- stone, rock (compare French regional (Poitiers) marre rock, Occitan marro tufa; perhaps from the same base are maroon n.¹, and marron n.¹: see further Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at *marr-). Compare mill n.¹ 9a, morris n.²The word is attested earliest in Old French in feminine form in the sense ‘token, piece of wood’ (11th cent.) and in masculine form in the sense ‘token, coin, piece of stone or wood thrown in sports’ (12th cent.); it is attested (in feminine form) in the sense ‘piece or counter in a game’ in the late 13th cent., and soon after (in singular and in plural) as the name of a game played with such pieces or counters on a board marked with a figure of intersecting lines ( > Italian regional (Sicily) marrella, maredda, smerelli), and in the 16th cent. as the name of this figure; it is attested later (late 17th cent.) also as the name of a children's game involving pushing a quoit on a figure sketched on the ground, and (late 19th cent.) as the name of the figure on which this game is played. Compare post-classical Latin merellus, mirellum counter (14th cent. in British sources). For other names of the same game in English regional use, perhaps all originating as alterations of this word, see H. J. R. Murray Hist. Board-games (1952) 38. Now historical and English regional. †1. In singular form. Each of the counters or pieces used in the game of nine men's morris (see morris n.²). Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > games similar to draughts > [noun] > merels > piece merelsa1393 table stone1851 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 430 (MED) So that under the clerkes lawe, Men sen the Merel al mysdrawe. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 3266 Wherof ensamples ben ynowhe Of hem that thilke merel drowhe. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Merelles Played..in France with pawnes, or men made of purpose, and tearmed Merelles. 2. In plural form (formerly also in singular form). a. The game of nine men's morris. Also: a variant of this game played with three counters.Sometimes with preceding word or words indicating the number and type of counters used, as nine men's merels, ninepenny merels, etc.The alternative name fivepenny merels is unexplained (in quot. 1627 it refers to the three-counter game). H. J. R. Murray ( Hist. Board-games 1952 iii. 42–3) treats it as a five-counter game, distinct from nine men's morris. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > games similar to draughts > [noun] > merels merelsc1449 morris1600 ninepenny marl1694 ninepenny morris1694 shepherd's chess1869 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 120 Where is it also grondid in Holi Scripture that men myȝten alloweabili..pleie..bi sitting at the merels? c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 2404 (MED) At mereles, dees, and tables He kan pley passyngly. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 1250 (MED) Leve now al thy foly and thy rebawdy, As Tablis & merellis and þe hazardry. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 11192 (MED) I wyl nat spare To hunte for hert..shetyn at bessellys, And affter pleyn at the merellys [Fr. mereillier, merell]. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Merelles. Le Ieu des merelles, the boyish game called Merills, or fiue-pennie Morris; played here most commonly with stones. 1627 W. Hawkins Apollo Shroving iii. iv. 49 That can set his three along in a row, And that is fippeny morrell. 1694 T. Hyde Hist. Nerdiludii 204 in Mandragorias Alia habet Nomina secundum numerum frustulorum quibus luditur..: sicut est Marlin: alias three mens Morals, & nine mens Morals, & nine penny miracle,..alias three penny Moris, aut five penny Moris, aut nine penny Moris [etc.]... Pro his autem omnibus verius & rectius dicendum est three pin Merells, aut nine pin Merells. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Merils,..otherwise call'd Fivepenny Morris. 1826 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 983 There is an ancient game, played by the ‘shepherds of Salisbury Plain’, and ‘village rustics’ in that part of the country, called ‘Ninepenny Marl’. 1877 F. Ross et al. Gloss. Words. Holderness Merrils, a game played on a square board with 18 pegs, nine on each side. Called in many parts nine men's morris. 1945 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 75 16/1 Two other board games, backgammon or nard and merels, seem to have had a similarly penetrative distribution. 1952 H. J. R. Murray Hist. Board-games iii. 43 A passage in Apollo Shroving..confuses this game [sc. fivepenny morris] with the smaller [three-counter] merels. 1995 S. K. Penman When Christ & his Saints Slept (1996) xxvii. 373 He found Hugh slouching morosely in a corner, playing a game of merels with Alexander de Bohun. b. The game of fox and geese (see fox n. Compounds 2d). rare.The board for this game is created by placing five three-counter merels boards in a cross ( H. J. R. Murray Hist. Board-games 1952 v. 98). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > games similar to draughts > [noun] > fox and geese fox and geese1633 merels1902 1902 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 16 195 The royal household [under Edw. IV] found delight in games of chess and ‘marelles’. For the latter game ‘2 foxes and forty-six hounds of silver overgilt’ were purchased to form two sets. Compounds With first element in singular form. † General attributive. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) 68/1 A 9 Hole Board..some terme this a miracle board and the game Miracles. 1867 B. Brierley Marlocks of Merriton 95 One [chair] in particular had supplied the material for a ‘merril’ board. 1889 Folk-Lore Jrnl. 7 233 The boys of a cottage near Dorchester had..carved a ‘marrel’ pound on a block of stone by the house. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1393
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