| 释义 |
chaffn.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch caf, kaf (Dutch kaf), Old Saxon kaf (Middle Low German kaf), Old High German kaf (Middle High German kaf, German (regional) Kaff), probably further related to Old High German cheva husk, pod (German regional (Switzerland) Kefe) < a Germanic base of uncertain and disputed origin.Form history. In Old English the initial consonant was palatalized and assibilated before the stem vowel æ (spelt c in Old English; but compare early Middle English chaff at α. forms in quot. c1175 at sense 1aα. ). Old English (West Saxon) ceaf (see α. forms) shows diphthongization of æ after the palatalized and assibilated initial consonant. Later α. forms probably also reflect non-West Saxon *cæf without palatal diphthongization. The β. forms are of more than one origin. The form cef (see β. forms and compare quot. OE at sense 1b) apparently shows late West Saxon smoothing of the diphthong ea . Middle English chef apparently chiefly reflects Old English raising of æ to e in West Mercian and Kentish. The γ. forms, which show apparent failure of palatalization and assibilation, are chiefly attested for northern and north-east midland dialects and Scots, which suggests the influence of early Scandinavian. Earlier currency of this form type is perhaps implied by Old English cafu (see α. forms), which might reflect failure of palatalization and assibilation due to retraction of æ before the back vowel of the accusative plural ending, but is more likely to be a scribal error. As plural uses appear to be rare except where they are due to Latin influence (see note at sense 1a), γ. forms are not very likely to reflect forms with early retraction. Middle English forms such as chaue at α. forms reflect Old English forms in which the fricative was followed by the vowel of an inflectional ending, whereas chaf at α. forms reflects development of the fricative in word-final position; in Old English both the voiced and the unvoiced fricative are spelt with f. 1. the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > chaff or husks of grain the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > husk(s) of α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) xlviii. 369 Swelce we nimen ðone clænan hwæte, & weorpen ðæt ceaf onweg. OE (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 12 Þa ceafu [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. cafu, OE Lindisf. Gospels halmas; L. paleas] he forbærnð on unadwæscendlicum fyre. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) liv. 285 Sona fyr bið atend swa þæt ceaf cymð neah. Gif þe wifman genealæhð, þin mod bið gewemmed. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 1483 & siþþenn winndwesst tu þin corn & fra þe chaff itt shædesst. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. iii. 12 But chaffis [L. paleas] he shal brenne with fyr unquenchable. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4791 To fynde þe chaue Corn þere shul we fynde to haue. a1425 (?c1350) (1964) l. 1684 Barly-brede with al þe chaf. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. AAAii As the flayle tryeth the corne frome the chaf. 1667 J. Milton iv. 985 Least on the threshing floore his hopeful sheaves Prove chaff . View more context for this quotation 1716 A. Pope tr. Homer II. v. 613 The light Chaff, before the Breezes borne. 1802 J. Leyden Ld. Soulis in W. Scott II. 348 The barley chaff to the sifted sand They added still by handfuls nine. 1923 B. G. Guerney tr. I. A. Bunin 173 Upon the threshing floor, in the fresh wind, there was a pleasant smell of chaff, of new rye straw. 1995 J. Hildebrand viii. 109 Separating tables winnowed grain from chaff. 2003 S. Ashworth (ed. 2) 205/1 When processing small quantities [of basil seed], rub each raceme over a fine wire mesh and winnow off the chaff. the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > hay or straw OE (Claud.) v. 7 Ne sille ge leng nan ceaf [OE Laud cef; L. paleas] þis Ebreiscan folce to tigolgeweorce. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 2889 Hem-seluen he fetchden ðe chaf, Ðe men ðor hem to gode gaf. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxv. 25 The leoun and the oxe shuln ete chaf [a1425 L.V. stree]. a1425 (c1384) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xiii. 10 He bildide a wal, forsothe thei dawbeden..it with fen with outen chaffis [L. absque paleis]. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine f. xliiij/1 In my faders hows is place ynough to lodge the & thy camels & plente of Chaf & heye for them. ?1533 G. Du Wes sig. Dii Litter or chaff, paille. 1695 in A. W. C. Hallen (1894) 174 For bear calfe to ye kye. 1772 W. Bailey I. i. xiii. 75 (heading) A Description and Explanation of Mr. Edgill's Machine for cutting Chaff. 1834 (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. viii. 212 If fed..upon indifferent hay and straw, it then becomes necessary to cut it into chaff. 1870 6 121 Tares or rye cut green into chaff. 1985 L. I. Robson vii. 156 The crucial importance of the horse led to the production of chaff. 2015 (Nexis) 16 May 16 General contractors used their power to..drive chaff cutters to make oat straw into chaff. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > pod(s) or husk(s) the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > bean > husks of beans or peas tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 110 Too basket ful of bene chaf. 1611 R. Cotgrave Faval, the chaffe, shalings, hullings, offals, or cleansing of Beanes. 1743 W. Ellis Dec. 76 Pease and Thetches..are throwed by the Casting-Shovel, to take out and separate the Chaff from the Pease and Thetches. 1844 H. Stephens II. 375 Young cattle are exceedingly fond of bean and pease chaff. 1874 2nd Ser. 10 574 The lambs..are then run thinly over the grass and clover eddish, having half-a-pint of beans and maize, with a little cake and pea-chaff daily. 1935 J. Steinbeck xiii. 227 When the bean threshers have passed, you will see, where they have stopped, big piles of bean chaff. 1947 Oct. 115/1 The vines [of lima bean plants] make excellent cattle feed and the chaff is used as fertilizer. 2015 M. Kimble x. 255 Goats eat just about everything..but these girls subsist on a feed mix of alfalfa and bean chaff. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless ?a1300 (Bodl.) (1916) l. 330 Ofte of þis smal chaf þis breþren brouȝten hom, & for wone of mete maden muche mon. c1440 (?a1400) l. 1064 Caffe of creatours alle, thow curssede wriche! 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria i. viii. f. 39v Perles as common as chaffe. 1609 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 238 Asses, fooles, doults, chaff & bran. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. ix. 47 How much honor Pickt from the chaffe [1600 chaft] and ruine of the times. 1672 J. Dryden i. Prol. sig. b4 Wheel-broad hats, dull humour, all that chaffe, Which makes you mourn, and makes the Vulgar laugh. 1800 W. Wordsworth Poet's Epit. in (ed. 2) II. 166 A Soldier, and no man of chaff. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Epic in (new ed.) II. 3 Twelve books of mine..Mere chaff and draff, much better burnt. 1907 Rep. Comm. Affairs in Indian Territory II. 1531 in (59th Congr., 2nd Sess.: Senate Doc. 5013) IV This statute may be brushed aside as mere chaff. 2015 S. Madsen iii. 139 If you are getting in the way of the team's productivity..then you are chaff and not really contributing to the overall picture. 2018 (Nexis) 19 July But all this superficial chatter is just chaff, a pure diversion. Half-hidden beneath the chaff is Emily's long-standing love for Evan, whom she has known since they were children. 3. Botany. the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > bract, scale, palea, or spathe > [noun] > scale-leaves or bracts 1686 J. Ray I. sig. a3/1 Gluma, utriculus, folliculus grani seu involucrum seminum in frumentis... The husk or chaff of Corn or Grass. 1707 H. Sloane I. iv. 116 Having a blackish Chaff or Gluma, in which is a long roul'd up Membrane, looking like Oats or Corn. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau xiii. 139 The chaffs [of Canary-grass] being turgid and hairy. 1834 L. Johnson 31 Glumes 2-valved, naked, beardless; the valves or chaffs inclosing the paleæ, which are two and boat-form, also beardless. 1995 175 183/2 The increase in non-grain nitrogen was seen mainly in stems and chaffs. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > composite plant > part of plant 1759 P. Miller (ed. 7) at Anthemis Chamomile with stiff pungent Chaff between the Flowers. 1785 T. Martyn in tr. J.-J. Rousseau xv. 166 The first [sc. Teasel] has chaffs between the flowers on the receptacle, or common base of them all. 1816–20 T. Green II. 36/1 Receptacle [of Leysera]:..chaffs of the rays alone, separating the flowers. 1989 K. N. Gandhi & R. D. Thomas 7 In chaffy receptacles, a receptacular bract (= chaff, palea) more or less subtends or sheathes each flower. 2001 X. 1429/2 The chaff separating the flowers has smooth edges with three blunt points. society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > aircraft weapons or equipment > [noun] > device to interfere with radar 1945 (U.S. Army: Office of Assistant Chief Air Staff, Intelligence) Feb. 31/1 Most effective jamming partner to carpet is chaff or window. 1945 29 Nov. 8/4 Under the disguise provided by aluminum ‘chaff’—a few ounces of which gives a radar reflection comparable to that of three heavy bombers. 1962 11 Mar. 1/4 Metallic objects called ‘chaff’ were used by the Russians yesterday..in a new attempt to interfere with air traffic... The objects are about four inches long and about the width of a flat knitting needle. 1976 15 521 Radar chaff injected into the updraft region of individual clear air convective cells indicates that the cells are roughly spherical. 2013 in G. K. Piehler IV. 1634/1 When the radar warning receiver on a ship or an aircraft detects that it has been illuminated by a radar, chaff is dispersed into the surrounding air. Phrasesthe mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > worthless a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. l. 1710 It were a schort beyete To winne chaf and lese whete. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (1871) l. 702 Me list nat of the chaf ne of the stree Maken so long a tale, as of the corn. 1579 S. Gosson To Rdr. sig. ☞6v You may wel thinke that I sell you my corne, and eate Chaffe. 1600 W. Shakespeare i. i. 116 His reasons are as two graines of wheate hid in two bushels of chaffe: you shall seeke all day ere you finde them, and when you haue them, they are not worth the search. View more context for this quotation 1602 ( D. Lindsay (Charteris) sig. Q2 Thy words war nather corne nor caiff. 1666 tr. G. Leti 2 If a Writer should take never so much pains to seperate the wheat from the chaff, that is, to pick out the good and leave the bad, according to the custom of the present times, when they treat of great persons. 1732 G. Berkeley II. vi. ix. 39 You see here [sc. Jer. xxiii. 28] a distinction made between Wheat and Chaff, true and spurious. 1850 Ld. Tennyson vi. 6 Vacant chaff well meant for grain. View more context for this quotation 1882 5 Aug. 171/3 Though there is a little chaff there is also a good deal of wheat. 1957 Mar. 10/1 The trade school..is well equipped to sort wheat from chaff—each candidate is given the latest types of intelligence and aptitude tests. 2018 M. Khan xii. 81 If you can think it, you should write it. Separating the wheat from the chaff comes later. 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1970) 103 I am no byrde to be locked ne take by chaf, I know wel ynowh good corn. c1600 (1980) iv. ii. 56 An olde birde is not caught with chaffe Hee that will cheate mee must arise betimes. 1674 J. Golborne 17 If you resolve to be wise, and to laugh At all his follies, are not catch'd with chaff Of vain pretences. 1732 i. 49 Others said, that the Whigs were old Birds, they would not be catch'd with Chaff. 1815 D. Humphreys i. 21 I guess, he is trying to ketch me—but it won't du. I'm tu old a bird to be ketch'd with chaff. 1855 W. M. Thackeray II. xv. 144 They ogled him as they sang..with which chaff our noble bird was by no means to be caught. 1877 28 July 684/1 Oh, an old bird is not taken with chaff, dear. 1936 C. F. Gregg v. 45 Henry Prince was too old a bird to be caught with such chaff. 1975 30 Mar. b11/3 Saul of Tarsus, not a man to be caught with chaff, heard this message and believed. 2016 (Nexis) 24 Jan. The high command, however, has made it clear that they would not be caught with chaff. 1567 (1897) 106 As quheill vnstabill and caffe befoir the wind. 1607 H. Ainsworth xv. 311 As heavenly warriours that excel in strength, they fight against our enemies, pursuing and scattering them, as chaff before the wind. 1649 132 The Testimonies all being invalled at least in the eye of the Law; and therefore that's gone too, and blown away as chaff before the wind. 1798 W. Dunlap Cow Chace iii. in 82 Sublime upon the stirrups rose The mighty Lee behind, And drove the terror-smitten cows, Like chaff before the wind. 1825 14 Jan. 4/2 You are apprehensive that your unanswerable arguments will be like chaff before the wind. 1949 24 July 3/2 Our sympathy is as chaff before the wind unless by it we create a new attitude of mind. 2018 (Nexis) 16 July 71 Club captain Tom Solomon led the charge into the teeth of the visitors' defence, scattering would-be tacklers like chaff before the wind. Compounds1305 Manorial Documents in (1936) 34 41 Chafcote. a1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 670/25 Hoc palare, chafhouse. (Harl. 221) 68 Chaffenette, to take byrdys, reciaculum. 1611 R. Cotgrave Pain de bale, chaffe bread..the coursest kind of bread. 1633 Bp. J. Hall i. 323 Since the house of Jacob is now as a little corne, left in a chaffe-heape. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV xxxii, in (1878) IV. 9 The Birds come in To his Chaffe-baite. 1834 (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 99 Along the opposite side of the yard are the chaff-room, various domestic offices, etc. 1839 C. Dickens xxii. 213 Salt meat and new rum; pease-pudding and chaff-biscuits. 1901 Mar. 675 Steel forks..for filling chaff carts. 1996 25 Apr. 10/1 The wing-mounted BOL chaff dispenser would be housed in a standard missile launcher. 2014 (Nexis) 27 Sept. 1 I gathered the hay and placed it in a chaff bag. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [adjective] > full of or covered in chaff > resembling chaff a1638 R. James (1845) 4 Those chaffe sands, which doe in mountaines rize. 1849 J. A. Froude 157 How could a superstructure stone be raised on a chaff foundation? C3. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > mattress > filled with chaff 1582 (Lancs. Archives: WRW/K/R437C/29) Itm a Caffe bedd xx d... Itm a caffe bedd a balster ij s iiij d. 1663 Inventory Ld. J. Gordon's Furnit. in J. Nicholson (1855) 186 Thair is in the bed, a caffe bed, a fethir bed, a pair blankets, and a red worset rug. 1683 T. Tryon 592 Straw, or rather Chaff-Beds, with Ticks of Canvas. 2014 (Nexis) 8 Jan. 6 Jessie..remembers sleeping top to tail with her five sisters and one brother on a chaff bed. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > cutting chaff for fodder > machine 1749 W. Ellis 374 In the first Place, there must be a Chaff-Box, or Engine provided for cutting Chaff, and the Chaff must be made by cutting Clover Hay. 1838 W. L. Rham xvii. 89 The chaff-cutter is exactly like our common chaff-box, where the work is done by the hand. 1912 May 1091 I am quite aware that, by keeping the youngsters on good grass, with free access to the chaff-box from the time they are foals, they will do better. 1976 N. Smedley v. 93 The earliest form of chaff-cutter was the chaff-box, with a blade working guillotine-fashion as the straw was pushed to the end of the box. 2009 S. Coonts (2010) xv. 251 She pumped off some flares from her chaff box, just in case the guy behind her triggered a heat-seeking missile into the clouds. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > cutting chaff for fodder > one who cuts chaff the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > cutting chaff for fodder > machine 1744 W. Ellis Jan. vii. 69 The Chaff-cutter's Way was, to..put them upon some Cavings of Wheat..that he first placed at the Bottom of the long Cutting-box. 1768 R. Dossie I. 87 An excellent chaff-cutter, or machine for cutting straw is, also, lately discovered. 1808 C. Vancouver v. 124 Chaff-cutters are used by Mr. Fellows and other gentlemen in the county. 1854 5 Aug. 118/3 Occupations of the People. Chaffcutter. 2015 July 54/1 On the sorting table at the field's edge each plant is stripped of dead leaves before its roots are washed clean of soil and it is fed into a chaff cutter. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > cutting chaff for fodder > machine 1745 W. Ellis II. July (title page) The great Use and Value of a Chaff-Engine. 1830 11 Sept. 1/2 Important Agricultural and Stock Sale, at Dennington... The First Day's Sale comprises..3 gangs of iron and wood harrows, ridge hoe, beet drill, wheel chaff engine, 2 sets horse hoes. 1991 E. Hamilton 6 There are references in the account books to winnowing machines, a chaff engine and blades [etc.]. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Amaranthaceae (amaranth and allies) > [noun] 1804 J. Donn (ed. 3) 40 (table) Achyranthes, Chaff-flower. 1885 G. Watt I. 81 A[chyranthes] aspera, Linn. The Prickly Chaff-flower. 2010 A. Richardson & K. King 58/1 This species is somewhat spiny but not extremely prickly to touch, as is the spiny leaf chaff flower, A[lternanthera] pungens. 1958 C. T. Force & W. E. Walker (Sandia Corp. Res. Rep. SC-4229 (TR)) 13 This report describes..a chaff rocket designed to dispense chaff at any altitude up to 60 miles, where it is tracked by radar for the purpose of determining wind velocity and direction. 1986 T. Clancy xx. 231 Every ship in the formation began to fire off chaff rockets, which filled the air with millions of aluminized Mylar fragments. 2008 45 60 (caption) The vessel also had an SA-1 radar and chaff rocket launcher fitted forward. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > composite plant > part of plant 1830 W. MacGillivray Introd. Study Bot. in (condensed ed.) 19 The Outer Husk or Chaff-scale..is the peculiar calyx of grasses and plants allied to them. 1856 W. B. Carpenter viii. 447 The hairs with which the paleæ (chaff-scales) of most Grasses are furnished, are strengthened by the like siliceous deposit. 1888 XXIV. 531 At the base of each spikelet [of wheat] are two empty boat-shaped glumes or ‘chaff-scales’. 1951 38 68/1 Chaff-scales oblong-linear, translucent, gradually or abruptly narrowed toward tip, under 6 mm. long. 2004 S. Morhardt & E. Morhardt 43/1 Bur-sage best describes our four California desert species [of Ambrosia], which have one to two female flowers without corollas in heads by themselves, with the chaff scales growing into spines around the fruit(s). the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > [noun] > wild 1817 A. Eaton 70 Schwalbea..americana, (chaff-seed) stem square, hairy, leaves lanceolate. 1978 L. J. Musselman & W. F. Mann (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 53 Chaffseed is the rarest parasitic seed plant in the South. 2000 Mar. 27/3 This site..is the only known site west of Georgia where the federally listed as endangered plant American chaffseed is found. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). chaffn.2 Etymology: Of this and the related chaff v.2, the origin is not quite certain: if the noun is earlier, it may be a figurative use of chaff n.1 (compare senses 5, 6 there); if the verb is the starting point, it may be a playful or light use of chaff, chafe v. 5, 6 of which come very near to it. colloquial. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [noun] 1648 W. Jenkyn iv. 76 You pretend to nothing but chaffe and scoffes.] 1841 C. Dickens viii. 283 ‘I do,’ said the 'prentice. ‘Honour bright. No chaff, you know.’ 1854 W. M. Thackeray I. xxix. 286 There's enough of this chaff. I have been called names, and blackguarded quite sufficiently. 1858 7 Aug. 127/2 Chaff, as the vulgar call it, when it is real good chaff, is an element in statecraft. 1885 6 July 2/2 They got through a few overs..amidst the chaff of a good-natured crowd. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2019). chaffv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: chaff n.1 Etymology: < chaff n.1 Compare earlier chaffed adj., and also chave v., cave v.4 1703 in A. W. C. Hallen (1894) 335 For a quart eall to wm denhames women yt was caffing oats. 1819 25 June 103/3 The advantages of this Fan over those now is use, are, first That of chaffing 120 bushels of wheat and hour. 1851 12 ii. 412 He..‘chaffs’ or ‘roughs’ the corn once over with a roughing-machine. 1988 B. Sidhwa xxv. 195 Ranna sensed their tension as the old woman stopped chaffing the wheat. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [verb (transitive)] > cut chaff for fodder 1789 J. H. Campbell in A. Young 11 104 Chaffing hay and mixing it with the bean-meal will keep the beasts mouths clean, and stomachs from being clogged. 1883 6 Dec. 4/4 In most other cases the grass has been chaffed when put into the silo. 1887 7 Sept. 3/3 [He] was in the habit of supplying winter food..by chaffing up the straw. 2021 (Nexis) 11 Oct. The paddy straw is chaffed and moistened..with urea solution. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). chaffv.2Etymology: see chaff n.2: the relative priority of verb and noun is unsettled. colloquial. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > banter [verb (transitive)] 1826 [see chaffing n. and adj. at Derivatives]. 1850 H. Greville (1883) 375 Charles was very amusing in chaffing Lady C. for her violent anti-Catholic feeings. 1857 C. Kingsley II. v. 174 A dozen honest fellows grinned when their own visages appeared, and chaffed each other about the sweethearts who were to keep them while they were out at sea. 1879 J. McCarthy II. 264 Palmerston is in the Home office, pleasantly ‘chaffing’ militia colonels. 1885 A. V. Dicey 174 The Regent treated the affair as a sort of joke, and, so to speak, ‘chaffed’ the supposed author of the satire. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > banter [verb (intransitive)] a1845 R. H. Barham Truants in (1847) 3rd Ser. 348 Not pausing to chaff or to parley. Derivatives the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [adjective] the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [noun] > action of 1826 in W. Hone (1827) II. 1009 Much ‘chaffing’ passed between them. 1861 N. A. Woods 426 There were ‘chaffing’ signals too, going on between the vessels. 1876 F. G. Burnaby vi Being a little annoyed at the chaffing remarks of the grinning peasants. 1871 24 Jan. The men took to criticising each other's performances, not chaffingly, but quite seriously. 1883 Proctor in 13 July 28/1 A habit chaffingly attributed to the Missourian belles. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2019). chaffv.3 Bread-making. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of bread > prepare bread [verb (transitive)] > make into round loaf 1892 R. Wells 44 How to mould a round loaf... Divide the dough into parts, having the right hand piece smaller than the left. Now chaff this into two round pieces. Derivatives 1925 9 Oct. 6 The loaf is shaped on the chaffing table. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2018). <  n.1eOE n.21841v.11703v.21826v.31892 |
