adversityn.

Brit.

/ədˈvəːsᵻti/, U.S.

/ædˈvərsədi/,

/ədˈvərsədi/

Forms: Middle English aduercetee, Middle English aduercitee, Middle English aduercyte, Middle English aduersete, Middle English aduersetee, Middle English aduersitiee, Middle English advercite, Middle English adversite, Middle English adversitee, Middle English adversyte, Middle English–1500s aduersite, Middle English–1500s aduersitee, Middle English–1500s aduersyte, Middle English–1500s aduersytee, Middle English–1600s aduersitie, Middle English–1600s adversitie, 1500s aduersitye, 1500s aduersytie, 1500s adversatie, 1500s adversetye, 1500s–1600s aduersity, 1500s– adversity; Scottish pre-1700 aduercite, pre-1700 aduersate, pre-1700 aduersatie, pre-1700 aduersite, pre-1700 aduersitie, pre-1700 aduersitye, pre-1700 aduersyte, pre-1700 aduersytee, pre-1700 adversete, pre-1700 adversitee, pre-1700 adversitie, pre-1700 adversitye, pre-1700 adwersatie, pre-1700 adwerssatie, 1700s– adversity.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adversité; Latin adversitāt-, adversitās.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman adverseté, Anglo-Norman and Middle French adversité (French adversité ; also Anglo-Norman averseté , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French †aversité ) adverse fortune, difficulty, hardship (1145), an instance of this (12th cent.), opposition, hostility (1160, contrariness of nature, perversity (1488 in the passage translated in quot. 1489 at sense 3, or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin adversitāt-, adversitās (in medical context) efficacy as an antidote, in post-classical Latin also misfortune (perhaps 2nd cent.), enmity, hostility (5th cent.), (in logic) opposition, contrary proposition (6th cent.; < adversus adverse adj. + -tās : see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Old Occitan aversedat, aversitat, adversitat (14th cent.), Catalan adversitat (14th cent.), Spanish adversidad (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese adversidade (15th cent.; 14th cent. as †aversidade), Italian avversità (a1294).

a. Adverse fortune, condition, or circumstance; a state opposed to well-being or prosperity; misfortune, distress, difficulty, hardship. in the face of adversity: despite or when confronted with misfortune, hardship, or difficulty.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun]

swenchOE

derfnessc1175

wandrethc1175

adversity?c1225

derf?c1225

swinka1250

torferc1325

afflictiona1382

stressc1390

marrementc1391

sorea1400

noyancec1400

infortunacya1500

aloea1529

afflict?1529

obduction1610

afflictedness1646

strain1853

besetment1872

wahala1966

catch-arse1970

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 145 Aduersite & prosperte.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 27 (MED) Kuead of auenture, ase pouerte oþer aduersite.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1157 God..preueth folk..And suffreth vs..With sharpe scourges of aduersitee Ful ofte to be bete.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 9496 (MED) What made hyr to haue so greth pacyence In suffraunce of trouble & of aduersyte.

1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 399/4 Thenne late us praye..that he so gouerne us bytwene welth & aduersyte in this present lyf.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xvii. C In aduersite a man shal knowe who is his brother [1611 A brother is borne for aduersitie].

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 40/1 in Chron. I Aduersitie findeth féwe friends.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 12 Sweet are the vses of aduersitie .

1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 487 God..may be to you in prosperity a guardian, and in adversity an helper.

a1683 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1693) 39 The Reliefs which..carnal Security and Stoutheartedness in Adversity do offer.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 150. ⁋5 He that never was acquainted with adversity has seen the world but on one side.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 A virtuous man, struggling with adversity, [is] a scene worthy of the gods.

1813 J. Belfour Ray's Coll. Eng. Prov. (ed. 5) 76 Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

1838 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. May 394 Manufacturing and mechanic enterprise, industry and skill, have constantly advanced in the face of adversity.

1848 C. Brontë Let. 22 Jan. (2000) II. 16 A character which is..rarely found except where there has been toil to undergo, and adversity to struggle against.

1912 W. Rauschenbusch Christianizing Social Order iv. i. 236 They learn to take the pounding of adversity with cool fortitude.

1982 Sports Illustr. (Nexis) 25 Jan. 32 San Franciscans have long been adept at laughing in the face of adversity.

2006 Church Times 23 June 15/2 The camaraderie of girls united in exam-time adversity.

b. Chiefly in plural. An instance of this; an adverse circumstance; a misfortune, trial, difficulty, hardship.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck

unsitheOE

evila1300

mischiefa1325

illa1340

adversity1340

infortunea1393

infortunity1477

cladec1480

misfortunec1485

fortune1490

trouble?1521

stumble1547

infelicity1575

disgrace1622

unfortunacya1662

disgracia1740

miscanter1781

reversal1846

avalanche1850

rough spin1919

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > an untoward occurrence

adversity1340

contrariositiesc1425

contrarietyc1430

inconveniencya1450

inconvenient?a1475

inconvenience1490

unconvenient?c1536

traverse1538

cross1573

crossbar1582

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 84 (MED) Zuyche byeþ þo þet zuo moche dredeþ þe kueades and þe aduersetes of þe wordle.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 607 Noon accident for noon aduersitee Was seyn in hir.

a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 11 (MED) Þis creatur, seyng alle þis aduersytes comyng on euery syde, thowt it weryn þe skowrges of owyr Lord.

?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. bij^v Strengthe for to resiste ageynst alle aduersytees.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts vii. 10 And God was with him, and delivered hym out off all his adversities.

1597 N. Ling Politeuphuia: Wits Common Wealth 162 Aduersities happening to good men, may vexe the minde, but never change their constancie.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 425 After I had..escaped infinite dangers,..unspeakable adversities.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxxi. 188 The Prosperities and Adversities of this life.

1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 249 Ethelred, whom no adversity could awake from his soft and sluggish life.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 30. ⁋6 Those great and serious Spirits have something equal to the Adversities they meet with.

1797 G. Moore Grasville Abbey II. xxix. 170 The many adversities she had gone through since her mother's death, had sickened her of the world.

1843 H. W. Longfellow Spanish Student ii. i. 54 Pray, tell me more Of your adversities.

1898 Argosy Apr. 42 These wrongs have brought adversities.

1971 Atlantic Monthly May 6/1 [President Nixon] has a long history..of confronting adversities, and it would be in his nature to hang in there and fight.

2002 A. Clarkson in L. Sitsky Music 20th-cent. Avant-garde 576 Despite these adversities, he continued to compose, completing his last piece a few months before he died.

†2. The quality, state, or condition of being contrary or opposed; opposition. Obsolete (rare after 15th cent.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun]

contrariositya1340

adversitya1382

champertyc1386

contrariousness1398

thwartingc1430

contrariancec1450

contrariness?1530

withsitting1532

oppugning1535

opposition1548

oppugnation1563

thwartness1577

adverseness1580

crossing1580

breasting1594

antipathy1601

oppugnancy1609

affrontment1611

opposure1611

thortera1614

contrariancya1617

obstancy1616

oppositeness1619

contropposition1621

obstrigillation1623

opposing1624

hostility1632

opposal1638

crossness1641

affront1642

aversion1651

oppugnance1657

shock1664

opponency1727

counteraction1750

antagonism1797

throwing1816

oppositiveness1824

kick1839

variance1842

opposedness1853

againstness1909

hornet1921

adversariness1970

oppositionality1989

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms iii. 8 For thou hast smyte alle doende aduersite [a1425 L.V. beynge aduersaries; L. adversantes] to me with oute cause.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xviii. l. 174 (MED) One bone, sire kyng, þat thow grawnte me With-Owten lettynge Owthir Adversite.

1481 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 189 Qwhyll the werray possesour..be peissabyll in his possession, but pley or aduersite.

1763 J. Entick Gen. Hist. Late War IV. 263 The severity of the weather; the tempestuousness of the seas; and even the adversity of the wind, served only to heighten his zeal.

†3. Contrariness of nature; perversity. Obsolete.In Shakespeare (quot. 1609) as a name for: a perverse person, a quibbler.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > perverseness

frowardnessa1300

waywardnessc1384

wrawnessc1386

frowardship14..

perversity?a1425

frowardheadc1470

overthwartnessc1475

adversity1489

perversednessa1500

thrawnness1499

untowardnessa1525

protervitya1527

repugnancy1557

thrawardness1567

contrariousness1571

crookedness1576

thwartness1577

pervertness1581

peevishness1582

awkness1587

crabbedness1598

untowardliness1598

crossness1600

difficileness1612

contrariness1642

perverseness1644

cross-grainedness1652

wrong-headedness1740

pigheadedness1801

cussedness1852

orneriness1880

bloody-mindedness1910

difficultness1934

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. ix. 205 Suche felawes..muste be chaunged by som aduersyte [Fr. aduersite] that is in them.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 12 Pat. Who keeps the tent now. The. The Surgeons box or the pacients wound. Pat. Well said aduersity .

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	adversity
释义	adversityn. Brit. /ədˈvəːsᵻti/, U.S. /ædˈvərsədi/, /ədˈvərsədi/ Forms: Middle English aduercetee, Middle English aduercitee, Middle English aduercyte, Middle English aduersete, Middle English aduersetee, Middle English aduersitiee, Middle English advercite, Middle English adversite, Middle English adversitee, Middle English adversyte, Middle English–1500s aduersite, Middle English–1500s aduersitee, Middle English–1500s aduersyte, Middle English–1500s aduersytee, Middle English–1600s aduersitie, Middle English–1600s adversitie, 1500s aduersitye, 1500s aduersytie, 1500s adversatie, 1500s adversetye, 1500s–1600s aduersity, 1500s– adversity; Scottish pre-1700 aduercite, pre-1700 aduersate, pre-1700 aduersatie, pre-1700 aduersite, pre-1700 aduersitie, pre-1700 aduersitye, pre-1700 aduersyte, pre-1700 aduersytee, pre-1700 adversete, pre-1700 adversitee, pre-1700 adversitie, pre-1700 adversitye, pre-1700 adwersatie, pre-1700 adwerssatie, 1700s– adversity. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adversité; Latin adversitāt-, adversitās. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman adverseté, Anglo-Norman and Middle French adversité (French adversité ; also Anglo-Norman averseté , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French †aversité ) adverse fortune, difficulty, hardship (1145), an instance of this (12th cent.), opposition, hostility (1160, contrariness of nature, perversity (1488 in the passage translated in quot. 1489 at sense 3, or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin adversitāt-, adversitās (in medical context) efficacy as an antidote, in post-classical Latin also misfortune (perhaps 2nd cent.), enmity, hostility (5th cent.), (in logic) opposition, contrary proposition (6th cent.; < adversus adverse adj. + -tās : see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Old Occitan aversedat, aversitat, adversitat (14th cent.), Catalan adversitat (14th cent.), Spanish adversidad (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese adversidade (15th cent.; 14th cent. as †aversidade), Italian avversità (a1294). 1. a. Adverse fortune, condition, or circumstance; a state opposed to well-being or prosperity; misfortune, distress, difficulty, hardship. in the face of adversity: despite or when confronted with misfortune, hardship, or difficulty. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] swenchOE derfnessc1175 wandrethc1175 adversity?c1225 derf?c1225 swinka1250 torferc1325 afflictiona1382 stressc1390 marrementc1391 sorea1400 noyancec1400 infortunacya1500 aloea1529 afflict?1529 obduction1610 afflictedness1646 strain1853 besetment1872 wahala1966 catch-arse1970 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 145 Aduersite & prosperte. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 27 (MED) Kuead of auenture, ase pouerte oþer aduersite. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1157 God..preueth folk..And suffreth vs..With sharpe scourges of aduersitee Ful ofte to be bete. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 9496 (MED) What made hyr to haue so greth pacyence In suffraunce of trouble & of aduersyte. 1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 399/4 Thenne late us praye..that he so gouerne us bytwene welth & aduersyte in this present lyf. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xvii. C In aduersite a man shal knowe who is his brother [1611 A brother is borne for aduersitie]. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 40/1 in Chron. I Aduersitie findeth féwe friends. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 12 Sweet are the vses of aduersitie . View more context for this quotation 1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 487 God..may be to you in prosperity a guardian, and in adversity an helper. a1683 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1693) 39 The Reliefs which..carnal Security and Stoutheartedness in Adversity do offer. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 150. ⁋5 He that never was acquainted with adversity has seen the world but on one side. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 A virtuous man, struggling with adversity, [is] a scene worthy of the gods. 1813 J. Belfour Ray's Coll. Eng. Prov. (ed. 5) 76 Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 1838 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. May 394 Manufacturing and mechanic enterprise, industry and skill, have constantly advanced in the face of adversity. 1848 C. Brontë Let. 22 Jan. (2000) II. 16 A character which is..rarely found except where there has been toil to undergo, and adversity to struggle against. 1912 W. Rauschenbusch Christianizing Social Order iv. i. 236 They learn to take the pounding of adversity with cool fortitude. 1982 Sports Illustr. (Nexis) 25 Jan. 32 San Franciscans have long been adept at laughing in the face of adversity. 2006 Church Times 23 June 15/2 The camaraderie of girls united in exam-time adversity. b. Chiefly in plural. An instance of this; an adverse circumstance; a misfortune, trial, difficulty, hardship. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck unsitheOE evila1300 mischiefa1325 illa1340 adversity1340 infortunea1393 infortunity1477 cladec1480 misfortunec1485 fortune1490 trouble?1521 stumble1547 infelicity1575 disgrace1622 unfortunacya1662 disgracia1740 miscanter1781 reversal1846 avalanche1850 rough spin1919 the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > an untoward occurrence adversity1340 contrariositiesc1425 contrarietyc1430 inconveniencya1450 inconvenient?a1475 inconvenience1490 unconvenient?c1536 traverse1538 cross1573 crossbar1582 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 84 (MED) Zuyche byeþ þo þet zuo moche dredeþ þe kueades and þe aduersetes of þe wordle. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 607 Noon accident for noon aduersitee Was seyn in hir. a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 11 (MED) Þis creatur, seyng alle þis aduersytes comyng on euery syde, thowt it weryn þe skowrges of owyr Lord. ?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. bij^v Strengthe for to resiste ageynst alle aduersytees. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts vii. 10 And God was with him, and delivered hym out off all his adversities. 1597 N. Ling Politeuphuia: Wits Common Wealth 162 Aduersities happening to good men, may vexe the minde, but never change their constancie. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 425 After I had..escaped infinite dangers,..unspeakable adversities. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxxi. 188 The Prosperities and Adversities of this life. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 249 Ethelred, whom no adversity could awake from his soft and sluggish life. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 30. ⁋6 Those great and serious Spirits have something equal to the Adversities they meet with. 1797 G. Moore Grasville Abbey II. xxix. 170 The many adversities she had gone through since her mother's death, had sickened her of the world. 1843 H. W. Longfellow Spanish Student ii. i. 54 Pray, tell me more Of your adversities. 1898 Argosy Apr. 42 These wrongs have brought adversities. 1971 Atlantic Monthly May 6/1 [President Nixon] has a long history..of confronting adversities, and it would be in his nature to hang in there and fight. 2002 A. Clarkson in L. Sitsky Music 20th-cent. Avant-garde 576 Despite these adversities, he continued to compose, completing his last piece a few months before he died. †2. The quality, state, or condition of being contrary or opposed; opposition. Obsolete (rare after 15th cent.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [noun] contrariositya1340 adversitya1382 champertyc1386 contrariousness1398 thwartingc1430 contrariancec1450 contrariness?1530 withsitting1532 oppugning1535 opposition1548 oppugnation1563 thwartness1577 adverseness1580 crossing1580 breasting1594 antipathy1601 oppugnancy1609 affrontment1611 opposure1611 thortera1614 contrariancya1617 obstancy1616 oppositeness1619 contropposition1621 obstrigillation1623 opposing1624 hostility1632 opposal1638 crossness1641 affront1642 aversion1651 oppugnance1657 shock1664 opponency1727 counteraction1750 antagonism1797 throwing1816 oppositiveness1824 kick1839 variance1842 opposedness1853 againstness1909 hornet1921 adversariness1970 oppositionality1989 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms iii. 8 For thou hast smyte alle doende aduersite [a1425 L.V. beynge aduersaries; L. adversantes] to me with oute cause. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xviii. l. 174 (MED) One bone, sire kyng, þat thow grawnte me With-Owten lettynge Owthir Adversite. 1481 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 189 Qwhyll the werray possesour..be peissabyll in his possession, but pley or aduersite. 1763 J. Entick Gen. Hist. Late War IV. 263 The severity of the weather; the tempestuousness of the seas; and even the adversity of the wind, served only to heighten his zeal. †3. Contrariness of nature; perversity. Obsolete.In Shakespeare (quot. 1609) as a name for: a perverse person, a quibbler. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > perverseness frowardnessa1300 waywardnessc1384 wrawnessc1386 frowardship14.. perversity?a1425 frowardheadc1470 overthwartnessc1475 adversity1489 perversednessa1500 thrawnness1499 untowardnessa1525 protervitya1527 repugnancy1557 thrawardness1567 contrariousness1571 crookedness1576 thwartness1577 pervertness1581 peevishness1582 awkness1587 crabbedness1598 untowardliness1598 crossness1600 difficileness1612 contrariness1642 perverseness1644 cross-grainedness1652 wrong-headedness1740 pigheadedness1801 cussedness1852 orneriness1880 bloody-mindedness1910 difficultness1934 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. ix. 205 Suche felawes..muste be chaunged by som aduersyte [Fr. aduersite] that is in them. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 12 Pat. Who keeps the tent now. The. The Surgeons box or the pacients wound. Pat. Well said aduersity . View more context for this quotation This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?c1225
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