adverbn.

Brit.

/ˈadvəːb/, U.S.

/ˈædˌvərb/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s aduerbe, late Middle English–1600s adverbe, 1600s aduerb, 1600s– adverb.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adverbe; Latin adverbium.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French adverbe (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French; 1236 in Old French in an isolated attestation, and subsequently occasionally in the 15th cent., as averbe ; French adverbe ) and its etymon classical Latin adverbium, defined by Latin grammarians as a part of speech that may be added to a verb and modifies its meaning < ad- ad- prefix + verbum word, verb (see verb n.) + -ium (see -y suffix⁴), after Hellenistic Greek ἐπίρρημα (see epirrhema n.). The Latin word was also borrowed into other European languages; compare e.g. Spanish adverbio (1437), Italian avverbio (early 14th cent.), Middle Dutch, Dutch adverbium (1477 in Teuthonista; the now usual Dutch term is the calque bijwoord (1477 in Teuthonista as bywoirt in grammatical use; for earlier attestations, see byword n.), German Adverb (18th cent.; 16th cent. as adverbium, with Latin inflectional ending).Compare the following early use of the Latin word in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 9 Adverbium is wordes gefera, forðan ðe he næfð nane fulfremednysse, buton he mid ðam worde beo.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 108 Hic is ægðer ge pronomen ge adverbium: hic þes and hic her.

Grammar.

A word or lexical unit that modifies the meaning of a verb, adjective, or another adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree. Also (with the): the grammatical category consisting of such words.In English adverbs are often formed from adjectives with the addition of the suffix -ly (see -ly suffix²), as angrily (from angry), nicely (from nice), strangely (from strange), etc.interrogative, sentence, subjunctive adverb: see the first element; adverb of manner, adverb of quality: see the final element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > adverb > [noun]

adverba1425

adverbial1582

adverbal1960

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 2^v Aduerbium, an aduerbe.

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 39 How knowyste and aduerbe?.. [It] is y-sette wyth the verbe and declareth the significacion of the verbe.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 800 It is harde to a lerner to discerne the difference bytwene an adverbe and the other partes of spetche.

1620 J. Ford Line of Life 92 This man not only liues, but liues well, remembring alwayes the old adage; that God is the rewarder of Aduerbes not of Nownes.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV i. ii. §3. 64 That vulgar Effate, That good workes are to be judged by adverbes..soberly, and righteously, and piously.

1741 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 158/2 The Monosyllable Fight, or Battle of the Adverbs.

1784 J. Ledyard Let. in J. Sparks Mem. Life & Travels J. Ledyard (1828) vi. 197 I am determined to sit down, not despondingly, dejectedly, or supinely—what a vile row of adverbs!—but..cheerily, and industriously.

1827 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 38 Modify the verb by the noun, that is, by being, and you have the Adverb.

1835 D. Booth Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. 59 In common language a Prig is a young Coxcomb, and has the adjective and adverb Priggish and Priggishly.

1873 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence xiv. §310 Adverbs are mostly either abbreviations of words (or phrases) belonging to other parts of speech, or particular cases of nouns and pronouns.

1924 T. Bosanquet Henry James at Work v. 17 ‘Adjectives are the sugar of literature and adverbs the salt,’ was Henry James's reply to a criticism which once came to his ears.

1992 Eng. Today Apr. 31/2 A notion that the adverb is somehow more elegant [than the adjective]..is apparently behind the hyper-correction of ‘You look well in blue’.

2008 G. Francis Chambers Lang. Builder 48 People used to say (and some still do) that it is wrong to ‘split an infinitive’ by putting an adverb in the middle, as in the famous opening of Star Trek, ‘to boldly go where no man has gone before’.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately.

ΚΠ

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 352 Of still more limited use, and of noun rather than adverb-value.

1894 W. M. Lindsay Lat. Lang. ix. §5 Locative Adverb-forms.

1904 Monist 14 581 Participles as adverbs simply change their adnoun indicator to the adverb indicator.

1941 Eng. Jrnl. 30 593 The question you raise..is the old one of adverb position.

1992 Eng. Today Apr. 31/2 Fear of using an adjective in an adverb spot.

2010 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 22 Dec. 14 Any other examples of adverb abuse?

C2.

adverb class n.

ΚΠ

1908 E. T. Owen Hybrid Parts of Speech 153 (note) Grammar..extended the adverb class to include the adjunct of any other adjunct (adjective or adverb) to the nth degree of remoteness from its term.

1955 Language 31 24 Awfully and quietly are here recognized as members of different subdivisions in the adverb class.

2006 G. N. Leech Gloss. Eng. Gram. 8 Adverbs form a disparate set of words; in fact, some grammarians have doubted the viability of the adverb class.

adverb clause n.

ΚΠ

1866 W. F. Collier Gram. Eng. Lang. iii. 82 The Adverb Clause; as, He will surely come, when he knows that I am here.

1904 C. T. Onions Adv. Eng. Syntax §61a Absolute Clauses..are equivalent in meaning to Adverb Clauses of Time, Reason, Condition, or Concession.

2011 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 23 Jan. She asked her students to identify adverb clauses on the small pink slips of paper.

adverb particle n.

ΚΠ

1885 W. H. H. Kelke Epitome Eng. Gram. iii. 60 Adverb-particles. Strictly speaking, these fall under Adjective-particles, but some of the words are now chiefly or wholly employed as Adverbs.

1986 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 70 458/1 The third part zeroes in on the small details of the language (prepositions and adverb particles).

2007 V. Sasikumar & P. V. Dhamija Spoken Eng. (ed. 2) xxiv. 224 If the phrasal verb ends in an adverb particle, the object can come before or after the adverb particle.

adverb phrase n.

ΚΠ

1844 Scholastic Rev. Oct. 392 The predicate may be enlarged..by an adverb phrase; as, She rides when at home.

1867 Museum 2 Sept. 208/2 All phrases may be classified into three kinds, the noun, adjective, and adverb phrases, according to the part of speech whose function in the sentence it is capable of performing.

1969 A. R. Meetham Encycl. Linguistics, Information & Control 202/2 If we chose to treat the predicate as a rank-unit here composed of verb phrase plus adverb phrase, then..the phrase very cheerfully is dependent.

2010 Internat. Res. Jrnl. Arts & Humanities (Nexis) 31 Dec. If a switch occurs within the adverb phrase at the phrase level then the word order within the adverb phrase is determined by the modifier.

adverb placement n.

ΚΠ

1962 L. Jordan N.Y. Times Style Bk. 13/1 Adverb placement. An adverb used with a compound verb should normally be placed between elements of the verb.

2006 B. Arnbjörnsdóttir N. Amer. Icelandic v. 109 Adverb placement is a complex phenomenon that is not well understood.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adverb
释义	adverbn. Brit. /ˈadvəːb/, U.S. /ˈædˌvərb/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s aduerbe, late Middle English–1600s adverbe, 1600s aduerb, 1600s– adverb. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adverbe; Latin adverbium. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French adverbe (second half of the 13th cent. in Old French; 1236 in Old French in an isolated attestation, and subsequently occasionally in the 15th cent., as averbe ; French adverbe ) and its etymon classical Latin adverbium, defined by Latin grammarians as a part of speech that may be added to a verb and modifies its meaning < ad- ad- prefix + verbum word, verb (see verb n.) + -ium (see -y suffix⁴), after Hellenistic Greek ἐπίρρημα (see epirrhema n.). The Latin word was also borrowed into other European languages; compare e.g. Spanish adverbio (1437), Italian avverbio (early 14th cent.), Middle Dutch, Dutch adverbium (1477 in Teuthonista; the now usual Dutch term is the calque bijwoord (1477 in Teuthonista as bywoirt in grammatical use; for earlier attestations, see byword n.), German Adverb (18th cent.; 16th cent. as adverbium, with Latin inflectional ending).Compare the following early use of the Latin word in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 9 Adverbium is wordes gefera, forðan ðe he næfð nane fulfremednysse, buton he mid ðam worde beo.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 108 Hic is ægðer ge pronomen ge adverbium: hic þes and hic her. Grammar. A word or lexical unit that modifies the meaning of a verb, adjective, or another adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree. Also (with the): the grammatical category consisting of such words.In English adverbs are often formed from adjectives with the addition of the suffix -ly (see -ly suffix²), as angrily (from angry), nicely (from nice), strangely (from strange), etc.interrogative, sentence, subjunctive adverb: see the first element; adverb of manner, adverb of quality: see the final element. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > adverb > [noun] adverba1425 adverbial1582 adverbal1960 a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 2^v Aduerbium, an aduerbe. c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 39 How knowyste and aduerbe?.. [It] is y-sette wyth the verbe and declareth the significacion of the verbe. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 800 It is harde to a lerner to discerne the difference bytwene an adverbe and the other partes of spetche. 1620 J. Ford Line of Life 92 This man not only liues, but liues well, remembring alwayes the old adage; that God is the rewarder of Aduerbes not of Nownes. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV i. ii. §3. 64 That vulgar Effate, That good workes are to be judged by adverbes..soberly, and righteously, and piously. 1741 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 158/2 The Monosyllable Fight, or Battle of the Adverbs. 1784 J. Ledyard Let. in J. Sparks Mem. Life & Travels J. Ledyard (1828) vi. 197 I am determined to sit down, not despondingly, dejectedly, or supinely—what a vile row of adverbs!—but..cheerily, and industriously. 1827 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 38 Modify the verb by the noun, that is, by being, and you have the Adverb. 1835 D. Booth Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. 59 In common language a Prig is a young Coxcomb, and has the adjective and adverb Priggish and Priggishly. 1873 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence xiv. §310 Adverbs are mostly either abbreviations of words (or phrases) belonging to other parts of speech, or particular cases of nouns and pronouns. 1924 T. Bosanquet Henry James at Work v. 17 ‘Adjectives are the sugar of literature and adverbs the salt,’ was Henry James's reply to a criticism which once came to his ears. 1992 Eng. Today Apr. 31/2 A notion that the adverb is somehow more elegant [than the adjective]..is apparently behind the hyper-correction of ‘You look well in blue’. 2008 G. Francis Chambers Lang. Builder 48 People used to say (and some still do) that it is wrong to ‘split an infinitive’ by putting an adverb in the middle, as in the famous opening of Star Trek, ‘to boldly go where no man has gone before’. Compounds C1. General attributive.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately. ΚΠ 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 352 Of still more limited use, and of noun rather than adverb-value. 1894 W. M. Lindsay Lat. Lang. ix. §5 Locative Adverb-forms. 1904 Monist 14 581 Participles as adverbs simply change their adnoun indicator to the adverb indicator. 1941 Eng. Jrnl. 30 593 The question you raise..is the old one of adverb position. 1992 Eng. Today Apr. 31/2 Fear of using an adjective in an adverb spot. 2010 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 22 Dec. 14 Any other examples of adverb abuse? C2. adverb class n. ΚΠ 1908 E. T. Owen Hybrid Parts of Speech 153 (note) Grammar..extended the adverb class to include the adjunct of any other adjunct (adjective or adverb) to the nth degree of remoteness from its term. 1955 Language 31 24 Awfully and quietly are here recognized as members of different subdivisions in the adverb class. 2006 G. N. Leech Gloss. Eng. Gram. 8 Adverbs form a disparate set of words; in fact, some grammarians have doubted the viability of the adverb class. adverb clause n. ΚΠ 1866 W. F. Collier Gram. Eng. Lang. iii. 82 The Adverb Clause; as, He will surely come, when he knows that I am here. 1904 C. T. Onions Adv. Eng. Syntax §61a Absolute Clauses..are equivalent in meaning to Adverb Clauses of Time, Reason, Condition, or Concession. 2011 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 23 Jan. She asked her students to identify adverb clauses on the small pink slips of paper. adverb particle n. ΚΠ 1885 W. H. H. Kelke Epitome Eng. Gram. iii. 60 Adverb-particles. Strictly speaking, these fall under Adjective-particles, but some of the words are now chiefly or wholly employed as Adverbs. 1986 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 70 458/1 The third part zeroes in on the small details of the language (prepositions and adverb particles). 2007 V. Sasikumar & P. V. Dhamija Spoken Eng. (ed. 2) xxiv. 224 If the phrasal verb ends in an adverb particle, the object can come before or after the adverb particle. adverb phrase n. ΚΠ 1844 Scholastic Rev. Oct. 392 The predicate may be enlarged..by an adverb phrase; as, She rides when at home. 1867 Museum 2 Sept. 208/2 All phrases may be classified into three kinds, the noun, adjective, and adverb phrases, according to the part of speech whose function in the sentence it is capable of performing. 1969 A. R. Meetham Encycl. Linguistics, Information & Control 202/2 If we chose to treat the predicate as a rank-unit here composed of verb phrase plus adverb phrase, then..the phrase very cheerfully is dependent. 2010 Internat. Res. Jrnl. Arts & Humanities (Nexis) 31 Dec. If a switch occurs within the adverb phrase at the phrase level then the word order within the adverb phrase is determined by the modifier. adverb placement n. ΚΠ 1962 L. Jordan N.Y. Times Style Bk. 13/1 Adverb placement. An adverb used with a compound verb should normally be placed between elements of the verb. 2006 B. Arnbjörnsdóttir N. Amer. Icelandic v. 109 Adverb placement is a complex phenomenon that is not well understood. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1425
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