| 释义 |
chamberern. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French chambrer , chamberier ; French chamberere , chamberiere ; chamber n., -er suffix1. Etymology: Partly < (i) Anglo-Norman chambrer, chambreer and Middle French chamberier, chambrier (French chambrier ) personal servant, attendant, valet (last quarter of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), chamberlain (second half of the 13th cent.; < chambre chamber n. + -ier -ier suffix, after post-classical Latin camerarius chamberlain (6th cent. denoting a royal chamberlain; frequently from 10th cent. in British and continental sources), valet (10th cent.) < classical Latin camera camera n. + -ārius -er suffix2), partly < (ii) Anglo-Norman chamberere, chambrere, chaunbrere, chomberere, chamberer, chambrer, chambrier, chaumberer, Anglo-Norman and Middle French chamberiere, chambriere (French chambrière ) chambermaid, lady-in-waiting, female attendant (late 12th cent. in Old French), in Anglo-Norman also ‘procuress, bawd’ (13th cent. in a glossary, glossing classical Latin prōnuba pronuba n.), feminine form corresponding to chambrier , etc. (compare post-classical Latin cameraria chambermaid (10th cent.)), and partly (iii, in sense 4) < chamber n. + -er suffix1 (compare earlier chambering n. 3 and later chamber v. 6). Compare earlier chamberlain n., and (with the specific sense ‘court official’ of sense 3) chambellan n.In Anglo-Norman the distinction between the masculine and feminine forms was blurred by the instability of final -e , and the resulting partial merger was reinforced in English by the lack of grammatical gender, and the fact that final -e is often merely graphic. Compare Old Occitan cambrier , camarier , masculine (both 14th cent. or earlier), cambriera , camariera , feminine (both 11th cent.), Catalan cambrer , masculine, cambrera , feminine (both 14th cent.), Spanish camarero , masculine (early 13th cent.), camarera , feminine (end of the 13th cent.), Portuguese camareiro , masculine (14th cent.), camareira , feminine (15th cent.), Italian cameriere , masculine (1352; > cameriere n.; the now usual sense ‘waiter’ shows a semantic specialization, but is difficult to date; also as title of various dignitaries at princely courts and the Papal Curia (a1642)), cameriera , feminine (a1292), all earliest in sense ‘personal servant, valet’ and (in feminine forms) ‘female servant, lady-in-waiting’. The Latin words were also borrowed into other Germanic languages, in some cases via French; compare Middle Dutch cameraer , camerare , camerere , (with dissimilation of consonants) camelare , camenare , cemener valet, treasurer (Dutch (now chiefly hist.) kameraar treasurer), also cameriere , (with dissimilation of consonants) cameniere , camenier female servant, lady-in-waiting (Dutch kamenier ), Old Saxon kamerāri treasurer (Middle Low German kēmerēr , kemmerer ,kāmerēr , (with dissimilation of consonants) kāmenier , kēmenier treasurer, valet), Middle High German kamerære treasurer (Old High German kamarāri , German Kämmerer ). With the β. and γ. forms compare the γ. forms and δ. forms at chamber n. respectively; with the β. forms compare also Middle French (rare) chamarrier superintendent of a religious establishment (1492), which like the English forms shows loss of medial -b-. The following use as a surname probably reflects currency of the Anglo-Norman rather than of the Middle English word:1318 in B. Thuresson Middle Eng. Occup. Terms (1950) 123 Alice la Chaumberer. society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > servant having care of bedchambers > woman or girl 1340 (1866) 171 Þe ssrifte, þet is þe guode chomberier þet clenzeþ þet hous. 1395 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 6 I bequethe to Idkyne my chambrer..a bed couenable for her estat. 1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid xiv. iii Yris, chambrier and messager of Juno. 1540 J. Norris Let. in (P.R.O.: SP 3/6/70) f. 92 My lady Rittlond my lady brone..wt ij other schamberares that wher wt quyne Iaan..& mistris fiharbart schefe schamberar. 1577 R. Holinshed II. 1576/2 Therin rode foure gentlewomen that were hir chamberers. 1641 T. Heywood xxiii. 218 In his kitchin were three hundred Serviters, and in every office to the like number: of Ladies, Chamberers, and Landresses, three hundred. 1675 C. Cotton 166 The Graces..Shall daily wait upon thy rising, (And never Asian Cavaliers Could boast they had such Chambriers). 1721 J. Strype III. i. iv. 36 The Queen's chamberers, viz. Mrs. Dormer, etc. 1824 G. Soane iv. i. 63 'Twas some cunning witch of Sicily, Some chamberer, that winds her mistress' silk,..That won my serenades. 1929 F. Hackett vi. 365 Lassells' sister had cited the chamberer Tilney at the Duchess's. Tilney was hunted up and she mentioned Marget Morton. 2004 J. L. Laynesmith v. 226 In 1466–7 Elizabeth Woodville had five personal attendants, seven damsels, and two chamberers. society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > illicit intimacy > person > a mistress ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 68 (MED) Abraham hadde another sone ysmael þat he gat vpon Agar his chambrere. ?c1450 tr. (1906) 30 Unthrifti women..bene euell women of her body and chambreres to Englisshe men..that duellen with hem as her lemmannys [Fr. Des preudes femmes..qui n'ont pas prins l'estat des amies et des meschines aux Angloys]. society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > servant of bedchamber a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) iii. l. 282 Thouh thi clothyng be of purpil hewe, With gret awaityng off many chaumbereris. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 96/3 Thou hast clenly seruantes and nette chambryeres. 1519 in W. H. Hart (1867) III. 302 William, by Goddis suffrance abbat of the monastery of Seynte Petur in Gloucestre and the convent of the same, William Motlow then beyng chamberer of the seid place. 1548 F. Bryan tr. A. de Guevara vii. sig. f.viv A lytle houshold well ruled, with..one geldyng in the stable, one varlet, one chamberer to do him seruice. 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. 920/2 He kept in his great chamber a continuall boord for the chamberers and gentlemen officers. 1640 J. Yorke 71 Thomas, who was Chamberer to King Edward the first. 1683 J. Bulteel tr. F. E. de Mézeray 271 There were five great Officers of the Crown, that is the Grand-Seneschal,..great Chamberer, Butler, Constable, and Chancellor. 1948 D. D. Knowles i. vi. 56 All incomes were received by three treasurers who distributed them subsequently to the three spending officials, cellarer, chamberer and sacrist. 2007 (Nexis) 76 49 It would not have been unusual..to find the same chamberer acting variously as chamber supervisor, adviser, messenger, clerk, guard, and access controller. the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > one who frequents ladies' chambers 1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier iii. sig. L Falne from a souldior to a Chamberer [Fr. d'homme guerrier Dés le commencement deuenu casanier], Careles of vertue, careles of all praise. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1622) iii. iii. 269 I..haue not those soft parts of conuersation, That Chamberers haue. View more context for this quotation 1664 T. West 6 Whoremongers and Adulterers, Swearers, Lyars, Drunkards, Chamberers, Wantons, and all manner of vain light persons. 1822 Ld. Byron iv. i. 404 You bid me turn a chamberer, To pick up gloves, and fans. 1860 Sept. 374/1 We would not deny that Burns was a chamberer and a drunkard because he was a great poet. 1901 May 943 Parts he had for the trade: he could sing, he could make canzonetas... When he saw his grim brother Matteo, this chamberer became dewy with tears. 1912 ‘R. Dehan’ xxiv. 191 There is a hell for chamberers and wantoners! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.1340 |
