cementn.

/sɪˈmɛnt/

/ˈsɛmənt/

Forms: Middle English syment, Middle English siment, Middle English–1600s cyment, sement, Middle English scyment, symonde, 1500s sciment, simont, symont, syman, symunt, 1500s–1600s ciment, 1600s seiment, symond, cemente, cœment, 1700s scement, 1500s– cement.

Etymology: Middle English cyment, < Old French ciment (= Provençal cimen, Spanish cimento, Portuguese cimento) < Latin caementum (in late Latin cimentum), contraction for caedimentum rough unhewn stone, chip, lit. ‘cutting’, ‘produce of cutting or chipping’, < caedĕre to cut. In 16th cent. altered to cement after the Latin form. The pronunciation ˈcement is found from 14th cent., but is now almost superseded by ceˈment, after the verb. The name appears to have been given to broken or pounded stone, tiles, etc. mixed with lime to form a setting mortar, and at length to the mortar or plaster so formed, whence it passed into the modern sense of strong setting mortar, or of mortar generally, however made.

1. A substance used to bind the stones or bricks of a building firmly together, to cover floors, to form walls, terraces, etc., which being applied in a soft and pasty state, afterwards hardens into a stony consistency; esp. a strong mortar, produced by the calcination of a natural or artificial mixture of calcareous and argillaceous matter.hydraulic cements harden under water, and are used for piers, dock-walls, etc. Roman cement, like all the hydraulic cements, is an argillaceous lime. Portland cement is so called because it resembles in colour the Portland stone. It is prepared by calcining a mixture of the clayey mud of the Thames with a proper proportion of chalk (Ure). Also cement royal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun]

limec725

mortara1300

cementc1300

simmona1450

magnetine1890

magnesia cement1909

c1300 K. Alis. 6177 A clay..Strong so yren, ston, or syment.

c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2125 The fir..falsed the siment, and the ston.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xxiv. (Tollem. MS.) Lyme..is a ston brente; by medlynge þerof with sonde and water sement is made.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 190 This scyment, bryk, stoon, cley togeðer drie.

c1440 York Myst. viii. 102 Sadly sette it with symonde fyne.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. H.vj With diuers stones and one ciment.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1887 in Shorter Poems (1967) 116 The purifyit siluer..In steid of syment [1579 Edinb. Symont] wes ouir all that wone.

a1582 W. Bourne Treat. Properties of Glasses in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 40 The Glasse..ys made fast with syman vppon a smalle block.

1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 20 Their Lime..composed a Seiment, which joyned with Stone (or Brick) made an inseparable union.

1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 17 For want of Cement strong enough to bind The Structure fast.

1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §172 Nothing in the way of Cement would answer our end, but what would adhere to a moist surface, and become hard.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 329 Cement, or mortar, is a preparation of lime and sand, mixed with water.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 767 A cement.., composed of 4 parts of bricks powdered..; of one part of green vitriol..; and of one part of common salt... It is called the Cement Royal.

1851 T. Wright & G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (new ed.) 361 Ovate nodules of argillaceous limestone..named septaria..extensively used for cement.

1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised i. 15 Setting like a cement hard and dry in a few minutes' time.

2. gen.

a. Any substance applied in a soft or glutinous state to the surfaces of solid bodies to make them cohere firmly.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > adhesive > [noun]

gluea1382

size1530

cement1562

solder1582

cementum1617

gluten1639

binder1678

conglutinatora1728

glutin1825

cheese cement1839

agglutinant1844

adhesive1849

stickum1877

stickall1880

stick1891

binding agent1933

tackifier1942

bonding1958

agglomerator1975

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 85, in Bulwarke of Defence Whan stone pottes be broken, what is better to glew them againe..like the Symunt made of Cheese.

1641 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 191 Wax, rossel, and stone pitch to make symond for mending the fount stone broken by the Scotts.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 97 No Air could pierce the Cœment, that luted the Glass and Lead-Pipe together.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 3 The fluids of the animal itself furnish the cement.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 274 The diamond cement..which is sold as a secret at an absurdly dear price, is composed of isinglass soaked in water..to which a little gum resin, ammoniac, or galbanum, and resin mastic are added.

1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 48 The cement generally used by engravers..to fix their work is composed of four parts of pitch, two of plaster of Paris, and one of resin.

b. Any uniting medium or substance. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > close, intimate, or permanent joining > one who or that which > substance

cement1604

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies i. iii. 11 Any other ciment or uniting to the earth then the Element of water.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 466 The quantity of air discharged from metals, is supposed to be the cement or principle, which unites all the parts together.

c. figurative. A principle of union.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > close, intimate, or permanent joining > principle of

cement1613

1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois v. sig. K3^v But Friendship is the Sement of two mindes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. ii. 29 The peece of Vertue which is set Betwixt vs, as the Cyment of our loue To keepe it builded.

1743 R. Blair Grave 7 Friendship! Mysterious Cement of the Soul!

1826 E. Irving Babylon I. iii. 246 Faith is the cement of all domestic and social union.

1872 W. Bagehot Physics & Polit. (1876) 184 Custom was in early days the cement of society.

3. transferred. A substance resembling cement, used for some other purpose; e.g. for stopping teeth.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun] > material resembling cement

cement1489

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxv. 152 Staues of drye wode all holowe withinne and full of fyre of cyment of oyle and of towe.

1505–6 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 46 Item.., to set on the simont riall quhilk wes deliverit to Quinta Essencia.

1625 W. Beale Brit. Patent 32 (1857) 1 Certen compounded stuffes and waters called..cement or dressing for shippes.

1881 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Cement, a term applied to certain soft compounds used for stopping of carious teeth.

4. Physiology. The bony tissue forming the outer crust of the fang of the tooth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > substance or parts of teeth > [noun] > cement

cementum1842

crusta fibrosa1842

cement1849

1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 865/1 ‘Cement’ always closely corresponds in texture with the osseous tissue.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 264 In the complex grinders of the elephant..the cement..wears down sooner than the dentine.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. vii. 250 The cement invests the fang.

a. Mining. (See quot. 1881.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > material containing ore > matrix

miner?a1425

mother stone1442

minera?1645

matrix1651

mother-spar1681

veinstone1696

gangue1778

veinstuff1796

gangart1799

matrice1855

cement1881

skarn1901

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement (Australia and Pacific), gravel firmly held in a silicious matrix, or the matrix itself.

b. (See quots.) Cf. cement-gold n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials used in metallurgical processes > [noun] > other metallurgical materials

fixes1594

spalt1668

slacken1670

thickening1872

cementa1877

fake1877

salt bath1913

inoculant1931

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > precipitation > brown deposit in the precipitation tank

cementa1877

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. Cement,..3... a. The brown deposit in the precipitation tank, wherein the soluble chloride of gold, obtained by the chlorination process, is deposited by the addition of sulphate of iron to the solution. b. The material in which the metal is imbedded in the cementing-furnace.

1889 Q. Rev. July 137 This is known as the ‘converting’ or ‘cementation’ process, and the charcoal employed as the recarbonizing agent is termed ‘cement’.

Compounds

C1. Generalattributive.

cement-covered adj.

ΚΠ

1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 896/2 The cement-covered cylindrical base of the tooth.

cement-forming adj.

ΚΠ

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 292 The enamel organ and cement-forming capsule.

C2.

cement-cell n. a cell n.¹ 10c formed of a ring of cement:

ΚΠ

1881 W. B. Carpenter Microscope 214 A ‘cement-cell’ answers this purpose very well.

cement-copper n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement-copper, copper precipitated from solution.

Categories »

cement-duct n. Zoology a duct in Cirripeds which conveys through the antenna the ‘cement’ by which the animal attaches itself.

cement-gland n. the gland at the base of each antenna which secretes this cement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > gland and secretion

cement-gland1871

1871 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom (ed. 4) xv. 498 In each of the antennæ there is situated a duct, derived from a large glandular body (the cement-gland).

cement-gold n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement-gold, gold precipitated in fine particles from solution.

cement-silver n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement-silver, silver precipitated from solution, usually by copper.

cement-steel n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 181 at Steel Blister or cement-steel is made by carburizing wrought iron bars by packing them in charcoal powder and heating without access of air.

cement-stone n. a nodule of argillaceous limestone occurring embedded in clay, from which cement is made.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > concretionary or nodular > septarium

septarium1748

turtle-stone1851

beetle-stone1859

cement-stone1863

1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) xxxv. 611 Cement stones are also found..in the Eocene strata.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 824 The Blue Lias cement-stones are considered the strongest water-limes of this country.

cement wall n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 457/1 A Cement Wall..is a wall made of River Pebbles, or Marble Stones split in the middle.

cement-water n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 50 Cement-Waters, that contain the vitriolic copper; and on laying clean iron in them they corrode its particles, and substitute others of copper.

Derivatives

ceˈmentless adj. devoid of cement.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [adjective] > devoid of

mortarless1667

cementless1856

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 334 Rough with cementless and jagged brick.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

cementv.

/sɪˈmɛnt/

Forms: Middle English syment, Middle English–1600s cyment, 1500s simont, 1600s ciment, sement, simment, 1600s– cement.

Etymology: < cement n. Compare French cimenter.

a. transitive. To unite (solid bodies) with cement.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)] > unite with cement

cement1340

simmon1568

seal1662

simmer1725

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > join closely, intimately, or permanently > cause to cohere

belimeOE

to hold togethera1225

glue13..

cement1340

conglutinate1546

agglutinate1586

solder1601

coagment1603

glutinate1604

coagmentate1615

concement1628

to stick together1634

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 9068 Alle manere of precyouse stanes sere, Cymented with gold.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xxvi. 268 Of grete Stones and passynge huge, wel symented.

1598 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 252 The windoes..shalbe well glazed and simonted.

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ii. 92 The pallace of Cyrus..the stones of which were simmented together with gold.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 80 Large stones..firmly cemented with lead and iron.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 24 Bricks..cemented with bitumen.

b. transferred. To unite as with cement; to cause to cohere firmly.

ΚΠ

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 71 That the buds..may be fast cemented before frosts return.

1727 J. Swift City Shower Dust cemented by the rain.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 190 The molten matter..cements the loose ashes and cinders into a compact mass.

Categories »

c. Alchemy. (See cementing n.)

2. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

tiec1000

limea1225

knit1340

sold1388

marryc1450

compact1530

spear?1548

solder1589

cementc1604

ferruminate1623

bewed1674

weld1802

wed1818

Siamese1830

intermarry1863

to pull together1925

mate1959

c1604 Charlemagne (1938) i. 11 Our accquayntance is toe oulde, & as I hope frendshypp toe fyrme to be nowe semented.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. i. 48 How the feare of vs May Ciment their diuisions.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 677 The Common-wealth, which had been built and cemented with the blood of their Fathers and Kinred.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. ii. 39 The kingdoms of the Heptarchy..seemed to be firmly cemented into one state under Egbert.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 504 The alliance was cemented by a treaty of marriage.

3. To apply cement to (a surface); to coat or line with cement, so as to make watertight.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > clad or cover with other materials

pitcheOE

lute1495

loam1600

bitume1609

wainscota1631

mud1632

putty1719

compo1809

belute1837

smear1839

puddle1844

plash1864

canvas1865

cement1886

TP1962

toilet-paper1964

1886 Law Times 81 60/1 To cleanse, level, and cement the bottom of the pool.

4. intransitive (for reflexive). To cohere firmly by the application of cement; to stick.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > be or become joined together [verb (intransitive)] > be or become closely, intimately, or permanently joined > cohere

to hold togetherc1330

to hang togetherc1400

gluec1420

to stick together1535

cohere1616

cement1660

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 21 Morter doth not Cement so strongly to the Bricks when it dries hastily.

a1710 R. Atkyns Parl. & Polit. Tracts (1734) 191 Iron mixed with Clay, that can never cleave one to another, nor cement.

1739 S. Sharp Treat. Operations Surg. i. 1 [The parts of a wound] will..cement like one branch of a tree ingrafted on another.

figurative.1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 368 So these knaves cemented together again, like a Snakes tail.1761–2 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) V. lxvi. 47 The allies..were not likely to cement soon in any new confederacy.1801 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) III. 465 They will..cement and form one mass with us.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	cement
释义	cementn. /sɪˈmɛnt//ˈsɛmənt/ Forms: Middle English syment, Middle English siment, Middle English–1600s cyment, sement, Middle English scyment, symonde, 1500s sciment, simont, symont, syman, symunt, 1500s–1600s ciment, 1600s seiment, symond, cemente, cœment, 1700s scement, 1500s– cement. Etymology: Middle English cyment, < Old French ciment (= Provençal cimen, Spanish cimento, Portuguese cimento) < Latin caementum (in late Latin cimentum), contraction for caedimentum rough unhewn stone, chip, lit. ‘cutting’, ‘produce of cutting or chipping’, < caedĕre to cut. In 16th cent. altered to cement after the Latin form. The pronunciation ˈcement is found from 14th cent., but is now almost superseded by ceˈment, after the verb. The name appears to have been given to broken or pounded stone, tiles, etc. mixed with lime to form a setting mortar, and at length to the mortar or plaster so formed, whence it passed into the modern sense of strong setting mortar, or of mortar generally, however made. 1. A substance used to bind the stones or bricks of a building firmly together, to cover floors, to form walls, terraces, etc., which being applied in a soft and pasty state, afterwards hardens into a stony consistency; esp. a strong mortar, produced by the calcination of a natural or artificial mixture of calcareous and argillaceous matter.hydraulic cements harden under water, and are used for piers, dock-walls, etc. Roman cement, like all the hydraulic cements, is an argillaceous lime. Portland cement is so called because it resembles in colour the Portland stone. It is prepared by calcining a mixture of the clayey mud of the Thames with a proper proportion of chalk (Ure). Also cement royal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun] limec725 mortara1300 cementc1300 simmona1450 magnetine1890 magnesia cement1909 c1300 K. Alis. 6177 A clay..Strong so yren, ston, or syment. c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2125 The fir..falsed the siment, and the ston. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xxiv. (Tollem. MS.) Lyme..is a ston brente; by medlynge þerof with sonde and water sement is made. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 190 This scyment, bryk, stoon, cley togeðer drie. c1440 York Myst. viii. 102 Sadly sette it with symonde fyne. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. H.vj With diuers stones and one ciment. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1887 in Shorter Poems (1967) 116 The purifyit siluer..In steid of syment [1579 Edinb. Symont] wes ouir all that wone. a1582 W. Bourne Treat. Properties of Glasses in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 40 The Glasse..ys made fast with syman vppon a smalle block. 1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 20 Their Lime..composed a Seiment, which joyned with Stone (or Brick) made an inseparable union. 1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 17 For want of Cement strong enough to bind The Structure fast. 1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §172 Nothing in the way of Cement would answer our end, but what would adhere to a moist surface, and become hard. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 329 Cement, or mortar, is a preparation of lime and sand, mixed with water. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 767 A cement.., composed of 4 parts of bricks powdered..; of one part of green vitriol..; and of one part of common salt... It is called the Cement Royal. 1851 T. Wright & G. F. Richardson Introd. Geol. (new ed.) 361 Ovate nodules of argillaceous limestone..named septaria..extensively used for cement. 1862 C. Darwin On Var. Contrivances Orchids Fertilised i. 15 Setting like a cement hard and dry in a few minutes' time. 2. gen. a. Any substance applied in a soft or glutinous state to the surfaces of solid bodies to make them cohere firmly. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > adhesive > [noun] gluea1382 size1530 cement1562 solder1582 cementum1617 gluten1639 binder1678 conglutinatora1728 glutin1825 cheese cement1839 agglutinant1844 adhesive1849 stickum1877 stickall1880 stick1891 binding agent1933 tackifier1942 bonding1958 agglomerator1975 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 85, in Bulwarke of Defence Whan stone pottes be broken, what is better to glew them againe..like the Symunt made of Cheese. 1641 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 191 Wax, rossel, and stone pitch to make symond for mending the fount stone broken by the Scotts. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 97 No Air could pierce the Cœment, that luted the Glass and Lead-Pipe together. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 3 The fluids of the animal itself furnish the cement. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 274 The diamond cement..which is sold as a secret at an absurdly dear price, is composed of isinglass soaked in water..to which a little gum resin, ammoniac, or galbanum, and resin mastic are added. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 48 The cement generally used by engravers..to fix their work is composed of four parts of pitch, two of plaster of Paris, and one of resin. b. Any uniting medium or substance. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > close, intimate, or permanent joining > one who or that which > substance cement1604 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies i. iii. 11 Any other ciment or uniting to the earth then the Element of water. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 466 The quantity of air discharged from metals, is supposed to be the cement or principle, which unites all the parts together. c. figurative. A principle of union. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > close, intimate, or permanent joining > principle of cement1613 1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois v. sig. K3^v But Friendship is the Sement of two mindes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. ii. 29 The peece of Vertue which is set Betwixt vs, as the Cyment of our loue To keepe it builded. View more context for this quotation 1743 R. Blair Grave 7 Friendship! Mysterious Cement of the Soul! 1826 E. Irving Babylon I. iii. 246 Faith is the cement of all domestic and social union. 1872 W. Bagehot Physics & Polit. (1876) 184 Custom was in early days the cement of society. 3. transferred. A substance resembling cement, used for some other purpose; e.g. for stopping teeth. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun] > material resembling cement cement1489 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxv. 152 Staues of drye wode all holowe withinne and full of fyre of cyment of oyle and of towe. 1505–6 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 46 Item.., to set on the simont riall quhilk wes deliverit to Quinta Essencia. 1625 W. Beale Brit. Patent 32 (1857) 1 Certen compounded stuffes and waters called..cement or dressing for shippes. 1881 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Cement, a term applied to certain soft compounds used for stopping of carious teeth. 4. Physiology. The bony tissue forming the outer crust of the fang of the tooth. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > substance or parts of teeth > [noun] > cement cementum1842 crusta fibrosa1842 cement1849 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 865/1 ‘Cement’ always closely corresponds in texture with the osseous tissue. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 264 In the complex grinders of the elephant..the cement..wears down sooner than the dentine. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. vii. 250 The cement invests the fang. 5. a. Mining. (See quot. 1881.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > material containing ore > matrix miner?a1425 mother stone1442 minera?1645 matrix1651 mother-spar1681 veinstone1696 gangue1778 veinstuff1796 gangart1799 matrice1855 cement1881 skarn1901 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement (Australia and Pacific), gravel firmly held in a silicious matrix, or the matrix itself. b. (See quots.) Cf. cement-gold n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials used in metallurgical processes > [noun] > other metallurgical materials fixes1594 spalt1668 slacken1670 thickening1872 cementa1877 fake1877 salt bath1913 inoculant1931 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > precipitation > brown deposit in the precipitation tank cementa1877 a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. Cement,..3... a. The brown deposit in the precipitation tank, wherein the soluble chloride of gold, obtained by the chlorination process, is deposited by the addition of sulphate of iron to the solution. b. The material in which the metal is imbedded in the cementing-furnace. 1889 Q. Rev. July 137 This is known as the ‘converting’ or ‘cementation’ process, and the charcoal employed as the recarbonizing agent is termed ‘cement’. Compounds C1. Generalattributive. cement-covered adj. ΚΠ 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 896/2 The cement-covered cylindrical base of the tooth. cement-forming adj. ΚΠ 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 292 The enamel organ and cement-forming capsule. C2. cement-cell n. a cell n.¹ 10c formed of a ring of cement: ΚΠ 1881 W. B. Carpenter Microscope 214 A ‘cement-cell’ answers this purpose very well. cement-copper n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement-copper, copper precipitated from solution. Categories » cement-duct n. Zoology a duct in Cirripeds which conveys through the antenna the ‘cement’ by which the animal attaches itself. cement-gland n. the gland at the base of each antenna which secretes this cement. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > gland and secretion cement-gland1871 1871 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom (ed. 4) xv. 498 In each of the antennæ there is situated a duct, derived from a large glandular body (the cement-gland). cement-gold n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement-gold, gold precipitated in fine particles from solution. cement-silver n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 116 Cement-silver, silver precipitated from solution, usually by copper. cement-steel n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 181 at Steel Blister or cement-steel is made by carburizing wrought iron bars by packing them in charcoal powder and heating without access of air. cement-stone n. a nodule of argillaceous limestone occurring embedded in clay, from which cement is made. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > concretionary or nodular > septarium septarium1748 turtle-stone1851 beetle-stone1859 cement-stone1863 1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) xxxv. 611 Cement stones are also found..in the Eocene strata. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 824 The Blue Lias cement-stones are considered the strongest water-limes of this country. cement wall n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 457/1 A Cement Wall..is a wall made of River Pebbles, or Marble Stones split in the middle. cement-water n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 50 Cement-Waters, that contain the vitriolic copper; and on laying clean iron in them they corrode its particles, and substitute others of copper. Derivatives ceˈmentless adj. devoid of cement. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [adjective] > devoid of mortarless1667 cementless1856 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 334 Rough with cementless and jagged brick. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022). cementv. /sɪˈmɛnt/ Forms: Middle English syment, Middle English–1600s cyment, 1500s simont, 1600s ciment, sement, simment, 1600s– cement. Etymology: < cement n. Compare French cimenter. 1. a. transitive. To unite (solid bodies) with cement. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)] > unite with cement cement1340 simmon1568 seal1662 simmer1725 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > join closely, intimately, or permanently > cause to cohere belimeOE to hold togethera1225 glue13.. cement1340 conglutinate1546 agglutinate1586 solder1601 coagment1603 glutinate1604 coagmentate1615 concement1628 to stick together1634 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 9068 Alle manere of precyouse stanes sere, Cymented with gold. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xxvi. 268 Of grete Stones and passynge huge, wel symented. 1598 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 252 The windoes..shalbe well glazed and simonted. 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ii. 92 The pallace of Cyrus..the stones of which were simmented together with gold. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 80 Large stones..firmly cemented with lead and iron. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 24 Bricks..cemented with bitumen. b. transferred. To unite as with cement; to cause to cohere firmly. ΚΠ 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 71 That the buds..may be fast cemented before frosts return. 1727 J. Swift City Shower Dust cemented by the rain. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 190 The molten matter..cements the loose ashes and cinders into a compact mass. Categories » c. Alchemy. (See cementing n.) 2. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)] > join closely, intimately, or permanently tiec1000 limea1225 knit1340 sold1388 marryc1450 compact1530 spear?1548 solder1589 cementc1604 ferruminate1623 bewed1674 weld1802 wed1818 Siamese1830 intermarry1863 to pull together1925 mate1959 c1604 Charlemagne (1938) i. 11 Our accquayntance is toe oulde, & as I hope frendshypp toe fyrme to be nowe semented. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. i. 48 How the feare of vs May Ciment their diuisions. View more context for this quotation 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 677 The Common-wealth, which had been built and cemented with the blood of their Fathers and Kinred. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. ii. 39 The kingdoms of the Heptarchy..seemed to be firmly cemented into one state under Egbert. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 504 The alliance was cemented by a treaty of marriage. 3. To apply cement to (a surface); to coat or line with cement, so as to make watertight. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > clad or cover with other materials pitcheOE lute1495 loam1600 bitume1609 wainscota1631 mud1632 putty1719 compo1809 belute1837 smear1839 puddle1844 plash1864 canvas1865 cement1886 TP1962 toilet-paper1964 1886 Law Times 81 60/1 To cleanse, level, and cement the bottom of the pool. 4. intransitive (for reflexive). To cohere firmly by the application of cement; to stick. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > be or become joined together [verb (intransitive)] > be or become closely, intimately, or permanently joined > cohere to hold togetherc1330 to hang togetherc1400 gluec1420 to stick together1535 cohere1616 cement1660 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 21 Morter doth not Cement so strongly to the Bricks when it dries hastily. a1710 R. Atkyns Parl. & Polit. Tracts (1734) 191 Iron mixed with Clay, that can never cleave one to another, nor cement. 1739 S. Sharp Treat. Operations Surg. i. 1 [The parts of a wound] will..cement like one branch of a tree ingrafted on another. figurative.1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 368 So these knaves cemented together again, like a Snakes tail.1761–2 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) V. lxvi. 47 The allies..were not likely to cement soon in any new confederacy.1801 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) III. 465 They will..cement and form one mass with us. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c1300v.1340
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