carvev.

Brit.

/kɑːv/, U.S.

/kɑrv/

Forms: Old English ceorfan, Middle English keruen, Middle English keoruen, Middle English keorfen, ( curuen), Middle English cerue, Middle English–1500s kerue, Middle English–1600s kerve, 1500s–1600s carue, karve, Middle English– carve, 1500s cerve. past tense Old English cearf, Middle English carf, Middle English kerf, (subjunctive kurue), Middle English karf, karue, carue, corue, Middle English carfe, Middle English kerue, carff; plural Old English curfon, Middle English corue(n, Middle English corwen. β. Middle English keruet, Middle English carft, Middle English– carved. past participle Old English corfen, Middle English i-coruen, Middle English–1500s coruen, Middle English coruun, koruun, ykoruen, corn, caruen, kerue, Middle English ( y)corue, ( y)coruyn, Middle English coruene, 1500s keruen, 1500s, 1800s carven; β. Middle English keruyd, 1500s kerued, 1500s– carved.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English strong verb ceorfan, cearf, plural curfon, corven, corresponding to Old Frisian kerva, Middle Dutch and Dutch kerven, Middle High German and modern German kerben, to notch, carve, (past participle gekurben occurs in Middle High German, in Niederrheinisch); not known in Old High German or Gothic: Old Germanic type *kerfan, karf, plural kurƀum, korƀan. Compare also Icelandic kyrfa to carve, Danish karve to notch, indent, Swedish karfwa to notch, carve. The Germanic word is generally held to be cognate with Greek γράϕειν to write, originally to scratch or engrave; pointing to an Aryan gṛph-. The original strong conjugation has become weak as in all the modern languages, but the past participle carven is still used as an archaic form. The normal modern representation of ceorf- would be cherve : c was probably retained here by influence of curfon , corven . The ar for earlier er is as in arbour n., bark, etc.

I. Generally: to cut or slash.

†1.

a. transitive. To cut v.: formerly the ordinary word for that action in all its varieties.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)]

snithec725

carvec1000

cutc1275

slitc1275

hag1294

ritc1300

chop1362

slash1382

cut and carvea1398

flash?a1400

flish?a1400

slenda1400

race?a1425

raise?a1425

razea1425

scotch?c1425

ochec1440

slitec1450

ranch?a1525

scorchc1550

scalp1552

mincea1560

rash?1565

beslash1581

fent1589

engrave1590

nick1592

snip1593

carbonado1596

rescide1598

skice1600

entail1601

chip1609

wriggle1612

insecate1623

carbonate1629

carbonade1634

insecta1652

flick1676

sneg1718

snick1728

slot1747

sneck1817

tame1847

bite-

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off

becarveOE

carvec1000

hewc1000

shredc1275

cuta1300

chapc1325

cleavec1330

off-shearc1330

withscore1340

to cut offc1380

colea1400

slivea1400

to score awayc1400

abscisea1500

discidea1513

sharea1529

off-trenchc1530

off-hewc1540

pare1549

detrench1553

slice?1560

detrunk1566

sneck1578

resect1579

shred1580

curtail1594

off-chop1594

lop?1602

disbranch1608

abscind1610

snip1611

circumcise1613

desecate1623

discerpa1628

amputate1638

absciss1639

prescind1640

notch1820

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) v. 5 Hine sylfne mid stanum ceorfende.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 To keruen þat fel biforen on his strenende lime.

c1386 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 159 Ther he with throte ykoruen lay.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7241 Quils sampson slepped..His hare sco kerf.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 40 Quen corne is coruen with crokez kene.

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 765 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 325 With brede y-coruyn.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 40 Kerve appuls overtwert and cast þerin.

1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 45 They wolde..pricke and kerue her owne bodyes.

1560 ed. of Chaucer's Boeth. i. 198 b/2 They..corven and renten my clothes.

†b. With various complements, as of kerven, to cut off; to carve (a limb) from any one; to carve asunder, to carve in two, to carve in or to pieces; to carve (a knight) out of his armour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out of [verb (transitive)]

to come out of ——lOE

to carve (a knight) out ofc1405

eliminatea1657

c1000 Ælfric Leviticus viii. 20 Hig curfon ðone ram eall to sticceon.

c1025 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1014 He cearf of heora handa and heora nosa.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1810) 560 Sir Willam Mautrauers Carf him of fet & honde.

c1325 Chron. Eng. 757 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 301 Hys legges hy corven of anon.

1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 244 Þe dede body þe[i] britten on four quarters corn.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hosea xiv. 1 Wymmen with chijld of it ben coruen out.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1836 Tho was he coruen out of his harneys.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4223 Laces and stringes he kerue on twoo.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. lv/1 He carf hym a sondre in the myddes.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9468 He karve hit of cleane.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9832 He kylles our knightes, kerues hom in sonder.

†c. figurative. Obsolete (with influence of other senses).

ΚΠ

c1230 Hali Meid. 17 Þeo þat habbið fram ham icoruen flesches lustes.

138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 231 A sworde sharpe..to kerve awey synne.

c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 467 His estate fortune fro him carf.

†d. intransitive or absol. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (intransitive)]

carve?c1225

rivec1275

shearc1275

cutc1400

racea1413

incise?1541

slash1548

slive1558

hackle1577

haggle1577

slice1606

snipa1680

chip1844

bite1849

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 281 Ȝef þeaxe necurue. ne spitel stef ne dulue..hwa kepte ham to halden.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 4066 Þai corwen þurch liuer & þurch lunge.

1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. xi Y^e lyue y^t carueth through the centre.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. v. 217 Onto hys chyn the edge did carvin doun.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6674 He..Corve euyn at the kyng with a kene sword.

e. transitive (slang). To slash (a person) with a knife or razor; esp. to carve (a person) up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > cut > with razor

chiv1725

razor1878

carve1929

chivvy1959

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > use of knives > stab with knife [verb (transitive)] > cut with knife or razor

chiv1725

carve1929

1929 D. Hammett Dain Curse xi. 113 The man had..stood..waiting to carve me when I came out; and my fall had saved me, making him miss me with the blade.

1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock iii. i. 98 They just meant to carve him up, but a razor slipped.

1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad v. 65 He feared that they would ‘carve him up’.

1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xiv. 157 Carve him with a razor.

1960 M. Spark Ballad of Peckham Rye ix. 188 We got to carve up that boy one of these days.

†2. transitive. To cleave (as by cutting). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > cleave or split [verb (transitive)]

to-cleavec888

cleavea1100

forcleavec1290

shidec1315

rivec1330

sheara1340

carvec1374

slivea1400

thrusche1483

porfend1490

splet1530

share?1566

spleet1585

splint1591

split1595

diverberate1609

fissure1656

spall1841

balkanize1942

c1374 G. Chaucer Former Age 21 No ship yit karf the wawes grene.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1547 As a coltour in clay cerues þo forȝes.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. xvii. 56 a A great hyl..carf on twain, Not farre asyde from the towne.

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §2. 170 The filing of iron..almost all men..abhorre to heare..for that the aire so carued, punisheth and fretteth the heart.

†3.

a. To circumcise.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > circumcision > perform circumcision [verb (transitive)]

umbeclipc1175

umbeshearc1175

umbecarvea1240

sheara1300

circumcisea1325

circumcide1340

skina1400

carvec1420

excise1634

c1420 Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. 86 The chylde was corve therwith.

b. To castrate (a cock).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > rear poultry [verb (transitive)] > castrate

carve1586

caponize1654

capon-

1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxxix. 259 Generally of foule the carued is better, then the other. Of beastes the gelded haue preferment.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 280 If they be once carued and made capons they crow no more.

1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius To carve as cockrels are carved.

4. To cut (a way or passage). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > fashion, shape, or form > form by cutting, pounding, tearing, rubbing, etc.

hewc900

smitec1275

tailc1400

carve1490

tear1597

wear1597

to work out1600

draw1610

to carve outa1616

effringe1657

shear1670

pare1708

sned1789

whittle1848

to rip up1852

slice1872

chop1874

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through or over obstacles > by cutting

carve1490

to carve outa1616

hack1781

fray1849

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxvii. 97 The shippes..carfe waie in the water.

1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (new ed.) 37 To such let others carve their way.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxiii. 232 The axe was indispensable to carve our path through the hummocks.

1865 J. G. Holland Plain Talks iii. 115 It is by work that man carves his way to that measure of power.

II. To cut artistically or ornamentally.

5. transitive.

a. To hew, cut, or sculpture (any solid figure, an image, out of stone, in ivory, etc.); to make or shape artistically by cutting.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > an image or design

carveOE

gravec1000

pill1535

engrave1542

scrieve1542

chip1711

whittle1848

chip-carve1903

OE Dream of Rood 66 Ongunnon him þa moldern wyrcan beornas on banan gesyhðe; curfon hie ðæt of beorhtan stane, gesetton hie ðæron sigora wealdend.

c1420 Chron. Vilod. 292 He..carff welle ymagus and peynted bothe.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xl. C Morouer shal the ymage maker..carue therout an ymage.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Pygmalion in Fables 165 And carv'd in Iv'ry such a Maid, so fair.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud viii. in Maud & Other Poems 32 An angel watching an urn Wept over her, carved in stone.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 207 Each column has been carved out of a single block of green marble.

b. To fashion (a material) into some shape by cutting, chiselling, or sculpturing.

ΚΠ

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. xiii. 13 He carueth it [wood] diligently..and..fashioneth it after the similitude of a man.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 26 Had Dinocrates really carved Mount Athos into a Statue of Alexander the Great.

a. To cut or engrave figures, either in relief or intaglio, on (in, into) a surface.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > an image or design > on a surface

carvea1325

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > a material

carve1542

emboast1575

insculpturea1785

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2700 He carf in two gummes of pris Two likenesses.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 132 With Poules wyndow coruen on his shoos.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 219/1 Thistory of her was..entayled & coruen in the sepulcre.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes sig. 332^v An other [chaire of estate] with whippes kerued in it.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 9 Carue on euery Tree, The faire, the chaste, and vnexpressiue shee.

1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 45 To carve upon his flesh the mark of that strict and pure covnant.

c1800 R. Southey Retrospect Some idle hind Carves his rude name within a sapling's rind.

1817 C. Wolfe Burial Sir J. Moore in Edinb. Monthly Mag. June 278/1 We carved not a line, we raised not a stone.

b. to cover or adorn (wood, stone, etc.) with figures so cut on or in the surface.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > decorate with sculpture or carving

carvec1384

sculpturea1660

insculp1665

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1295 Which [gate] that so wel corven was.

c1394 P. Pl. Crede 161 Þe pileres weren..queynteli i-coruen wiþ curiouse knottes.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ciii/2 To Carue wood, insculpere.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings vi. 29 Hee carued all the walles of the house round about with carued figures of Cherubims.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 90 Nor Box..Smooth-grain'd..Which curious Hands may kerve .

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 76 Carv'd in such a manner, as to resemble a piece of wainscot.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 145 A million wrinkles carved his skin.

1875 H. W. Longfellow Pandora v Yon oaken chest, carven with figures.

1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. 84 Sarcophagi carved with old Christian emblems.

7. intransitive or absol. To cut figures or designs; to practise the sculptor's or engraver's art.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (intransitive)]

carve1567

sculpt1864

sculp1889

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 12^v Kaman the stone..is easie to be engrauen and carued in.

1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xxxiii. ii. 268 He that carues and drawes with equall praise.

1841 R. W. Emerson Art in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 356 We carve and paint, or we behold what is carved and painted.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 14 Where other poets sketch, Homer draws; and where they draw he carves.

III. To cut into portions, and similar uses.

a. intransitive. To cut up meat at table. †to carve to: to serve, ‘help’ (any one at a meal).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > prepare meat [verb (intransitive)] > carve

carvea1300

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (transitive)] > serve person

servec1275

to serve forth1381

rewarda1495

to carve toa1533

to serve in1629

help1688

a1300 K. Horn 233 Tech him..Biuore me to kerue, And of the cupe serue.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 100 He..carf biforn his fader at the table.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) ii. 21 Euery man that wylle come to knyghthode hym behoueth to lerne in his yongthe to kerue at the table.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxvii. sig. Qiii There Gouernar carued to the lady ryght goodly with his knyfe.

1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 276 Giue them from your owne, but doe not carue them from anothers trencher.

1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iii. v. sig. R5^v (heading) Upon his being Carv'd to at a Feast.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iii. 56 A Bit of Meat..out of which I carved for my self.

1751 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 11 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1681 A man who tells you gravely that he cannot carve.

1868 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 148 General Grey and Lady Churchill carved.

b. transitive e.g. to carve a fowl, to carve a joint, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > dress animals for food [verb (transitive)] > carve

shearc1330

unlacec1400

smitea1500

carve1529

to cut up1574

cuta1616

1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader viii. sig. Mi^v Men to cerve his [sc. the Pope's] mossels.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing v. i. 153 A calues head & a capon, the which if I doe not carue most curiously, say my kniffe's naught.

1616 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliad ix, in Whole Wks. Homer 125 Till I had..karu'd thee tenderst meate.

1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. ii. 41 Captain Aylmer..would have..carved the roast fowl with much more skill.

9. figurative.

a. intransitive. To help or serve (oneself or others) at one's own discretion, to do at one's pleasure, indulge oneself.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > taken [verb (intransitive)] > take at will or pleasure

raimc1300

to be one's own carver1578

carve1596

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > seek or look after one's own interest [verb (intransitive)] > indulge oneself

carve1596

indulgea1718

ego-trip1969

head trip1974

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. li. 234 Which of the Patriarks, Prophets, or Gods People..vnto their owne Affections caru'd.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 20 He may not as vnualewed persons doe, Carue for himselfe.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 581 They shall carve themselves, of your punishment, and their owne advancement, at their pleasure.

1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions ii. x. 210 Thus to carve himselfe of justice, is..to violate lawfull authority.

1691 J. Locke Money in Wks. (1727) II. 35 When some common and great Distress..emboldens them to carve to their wants with armed Force.

†b. transitive. To apportion at discretion, to assign as one's portion or lot, to take at one's pleasure.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > take at will or pleasure

choosea1300

carve1578

the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > assign or allot

givec1050

bequeatha1325

ordaina1325

assign1340

sortc1374

sign1389

betakea1400

beteacha1400

remiss1525

allot1534

carve1578

divide1600

to set off1687

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > appropriate

ownOE

rimec1275

takec1300

appropre1366

to keep, take to or for one's own storec1385

to get awayc1480

proper1496

apprehenda1522

impropry1526

impropriate1567

carve1578

forestall1581

appropriate1583

propriate1587

pocket1597

impatronize1611

propertya1616

asself1632

appropriatea1634

swallow1637

to swallow up1654

sink1699

poucha1774

spheterize1779

sack1807

fob1818

to look back to1822

mop1861

annex1865

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 50^v Be sapient therfore Reader..not captious in caruing a fault.

1650 T. Hobbes De Corpore Politico 35 Where every man carveth out his own right, it hath the same effect, as if there were no right at all.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 15 Carving a good portion of Honour to themselves.

1742 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (ed. 3) I. i. 33 Licence being indulged to an insolent army of carving for themselves what fortunes they pleased.

1755 E. Young Centaur ii. 115 God's promises are better than any thing we can carve for ourselves.

10.

a. To cut up or subdivide.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)]

to-shedc888

to-dealeOE

dealc950

twemea1023

to-doOE

to-shiftc1122

brittenc1175

sunderc1230

depart1297

parta1300

twain15..

dividec1380

minisha1382

dressc1410

dissever1417

sever1435

quarterc1440

distinct1526

videc1540

disperse1548

several1570

separate1581

dirempt1587

distinguish1609

piecemeal1611

discrete1624

dispart1629

slit1645

parcel1652

canton1653

tripartite1653

split1707

carve1711

scind1869

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. ii. iii. 112 Our second Head: which we shou'd again subdivide into Firsts and Seconds, but that this manner of carving is of late days grown much out of fashion.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) VI. 379 The testator..has carved the whole fee in particular estates.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 25 All the rest was carved into small portions.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. v. 97 The Country was carved into equal districts.

b. to carve up: to cheat, swindle. slang.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle

defraud1362

deceivec1380

plucka1500

lurch1530

defeata1538

souse1545

lick1548

wipe1549

fraud1563

use1564

cozen1573

nick1576

verse1591

rooka1595

trim1600

skelder1602

firk1604

dry-shave1620

fiddle1630

nose1637

foista1640

doa1642

sharka1650

chouse1654

burn1655

bilk1672

under-enter1692

sharp1699

stick1699

finger1709

roguea1714

fling1749

swindle1773

jink1777

queer1778

to do over1781

jump1789

mace1790

chisel1808

slang1812

bucket1819

to clean out1819

give it1819

to put in the hole1819

ramp1819

sting1819

victimize1839

financier1840

gum1840

snakea1861

to take down1865

verneuk1871

bunco1875

rush1875

gyp1879

salt1882

daddle1883

work1884

to have (one) on toast1886

slip1890

to do (a person) in the eye1891

sugar1892

flay1893

to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895

con1896

pad1897

screw1900

short-change1903

to do in1906

window dress1913

ream1914

twist1914

clean1915

rim1918

tweedle1925

hype1926

clip1927

take1927

gazump1928

yentz1930

promote1931

to take (someone) to the cleaners1932

to carve up1933

chizz1948

stiff1950

scam1963

to rip off1969

to stitch up1970

skunk1971

to steal (someone) blind1974

diddle-

1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 65 Carve up (Amer.), to annihilate completely. That dear grave holds a disappointed chap who cum out here from Reno to carve me up.]

1933 C. E. Leach On Top of Underworld x. 138 Carve up, swindle accomplice out of share.

1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid ix. 96 I'm going to trust you to play square with me at the end. No carving-up or else.

1959 H. Pinter Birthday Party i. 10 Then after that, you know what they did? They carved me up. Carved me up. It was all arranged, it was all worked out.

11. The alliterative phrase cut and carve goes back to the 14th cent. when the two words were equivalent, and cut was beginning to take the place of carve: it is still used, though mostly figurative, and probably carve is now usually taken in the preceding or some of the extant senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)]

snithec725

carvec1000

cutc1275

slitc1275

hag1294

ritc1300

chop1362

slash1382

cut and carvea1398

flash?a1400

flish?a1400

slenda1400

race?a1425

raise?a1425

razea1425

scotch?c1425

ochec1440

slitec1450

ranch?a1525

scorchc1550

scalp1552

mincea1560

rash?1565

beslash1581

fent1589

engrave1590

nick1592

snip1593

carbonado1596

rescide1598

skice1600

entail1601

chip1609

wriggle1612

insecate1623

carbonate1629

carbonade1634

insecta1652

flick1676

sneg1718

snick1728

slot1747

sneck1817

tame1847

bite-

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cii. 993 Bowes þerof [sc. mirra] ben ykorue, ykutte, and yslitte.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lxiv. 181 The skynne is callyd cutis in latyn, for it..is ofte kytte and coruen.

c1400 Rom. Rose 1887 This arwe was kene grounde, As ony rasour that is founde, To kutte and kerve.

1633 G. Herbert Divinitie in Temple ii Which with the edge of wit they cut and carve.

1799 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (ed. 2) I. Introd. 8 Mr. L. T. Rede..proceeds to cut and carve me down into..a careful abridgement.

1810 W. Combe Schoolmaster's Tour in Poet. Mag. Nov. 4 To the last he'd cut and carve.

12. to carve out:

a. legal. To cut a smaller or subordinate estate out of a larger one.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole

sever1532

to carve out1625

1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 21 To carue out his whole maintenance out of their estates.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 107 The fee-simple..is generally vested and resides in some person or other; though divers inferior estates may be carved out of it.

1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. v. 177 The estate of tenant in tail was, according to the metaphorical expression of the lawyers, ‘carved out of’, that is, less than an estate in fee simple and different from it.

1879 E. J. Castle Law of Rating 66 The interests carved out or subordinate to his occupation.

1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 255 A lease..carved out of a term created by a lease of the 27th of June, 1797.

b. transferred. (Sometimes also in other senses, esp. senses 1 and 4.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > fashion, shape, or form > form by cutting, pounding, tearing, rubbing, etc.

hewc900

smitec1275

tailc1400

carve1490

tear1597

wear1597

to work out1600

draw1610

to carve outa1616

effringe1657

shear1670

pare1708

sned1789

whittle1848

to rip up1852

slice1872

chop1874

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through or over obstacles > by cutting

carve1490

to carve outa1616

hack1781

fray1849

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. ii. 20 Braue Macbeth..with his brandisht Steele..caru'd out his passage.

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur vii. 202 The valiant..carve out to themselves propitious Fate.

1717 R. Bentley Serm. before King George 6 Carving out his own Satisfaction in every Object of Desire.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 514 Roger now sought..to carve out a dominion for himself.

1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 77 Persistency will carve out a way to unexpected success.

1875 A. Maclaren Serm. 2nd Ser. viii. 144 No matter what honour they have carved out for themselves with their swords.

†13. figurative (with reference to speech) Schmidt suggests ‘To show great courtesy and affability’. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 323 A can carue to, and lispe: Why this is hee That kist his hand, a way in courtisie.

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor i. iii. 40 She carues, she Discourses. She giues the lyre of inuitation.

Derivatives

carving n.

ΚΠ

1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock ii. i. 73 How do we make you safe, Spicer?.. If carving'd do it [etc.].

Draft additions December 2016

transitive. Sport. In skiing, surfing, etc.: to make (a turn) by putting weight and pressure on one edge of the ski or board so it moves through the snow or water in the required direction; to cut and turn through (a surface) in this way. Also intransitive: to ski, surf, etc., in this way. to carve it up: to cut through snow or water in a particularly dynamic or skilful manner.

ΚΠ

1947 F. Iselin & A. C. Spectorsky Invitation to Skiing vii. 117 This vertical posture preserves speed, rhythm and cadence. It helps the skier to carve clean turns, in which the skid is distributed over the curve.

1965 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 7 Nov. e21/5 Racing through the tube,..diving down to the trough, carving it up,..humiliating the wave.

1967 P. Edwards & R. K. Ottum You should have been here Hour Ago vii. 70 (caption) He..casually drags a hand through the wave to steady himself while carving a turn.

1989 Ski Nov. 139/2 Carving turns down gentle slopes.

1993 W. Witherell & D. Evrard Athletic Skier (1998) 212 A racer who can carve where others are skidding, gains time.

2003 Ski Sept. (Buyers Guide) 158/1 It flexes well, and it's plenty powerful to really carve it up.

2011 F. Parrett Past the Shallows (2012) 45 He carved along the wave nice and loose, flicked up with sharp cutbacks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	carve
释义	carven. Etymology: < carve v. An act or stroke of Carving. See also carf n. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] bita1000 kerfc1000 slittingc1175 carving?c1225 chop1362 cuttinga1398 hacking1398 scissure?a1425 garsingc1440 racing?a1450 incision1474 secting1507 raze1530 chopping1548 scotching1551 hackling1564 slashing1596 carbonadoing1599 kinsing1599 insection1653 secation1656 scission1676 gash1694 inciding1694 haggling1761 cut1808 shear1809 carve1888 1888 N.E.D. at Carve Mod. Give it a carve. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2018). carvev. Brit. /kɑːv/, U.S. /kɑrv/ Forms: Old English ceorfan, Middle English keruen, Middle English keoruen, Middle English keorfen, ( curuen), Middle English cerue, Middle English–1500s kerue, Middle English–1600s kerve, 1500s–1600s carue, karve, Middle English– carve, 1500s cerve. past tense Old English cearf, Middle English carf, Middle English kerf, (subjunctive kurue), Middle English karf, karue, carue, corue, Middle English carfe, Middle English kerue, carff; plural Old English curfon, Middle English corue(n, Middle English corwen. β. Middle English keruet, Middle English carft, Middle English– carved. past participle Old English corfen, Middle English i-coruen, Middle English–1500s coruen, Middle English coruun, koruun, ykoruen, corn, caruen, kerue, Middle English ( y)corue, ( y)coruyn, Middle English coruene, 1500s keruen, 1500s, 1800s carven; β. Middle English keruyd, 1500s kerued, 1500s– carved. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English strong verb ceorfan, cearf, plural curfon, corven, corresponding to Old Frisian kerva, Middle Dutch and Dutch kerven, Middle High German and modern German kerben, to notch, carve, (past participle gekurben occurs in Middle High German, in Niederrheinisch); not known in Old High German or Gothic: Old Germanic type kerfan, karf, plural kurƀum, korƀan. Compare also Icelandic kyrfa* to carve, Danish karve to notch, indent, Swedish karfwa to notch, carve. The Germanic word is generally held to be cognate with Greek γράϕειν to write, originally to scratch or engrave; pointing to an Aryan gṛph-. The original strong conjugation has become weak as in all the modern languages, but the past participle carven is still used as an archaic form. The normal modern representation of ceorf- would be cherve : c was probably retained here by influence of curfon , corven . The ar for earlier er is as in arbour n., bark, etc. I. Generally: to cut or slash. †1. a. transitive. To cut v.: formerly the ordinary word for that action in all its varieties. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] snithec725 carvec1000 cutc1275 slitc1275 hag1294 ritc1300 chop1362 slash1382 cut and carvea1398 flash?a1400 flish?a1400 slenda1400 race?a1425 raise?a1425 razea1425 scotch?c1425 ochec1440 slitec1450 ranch?a1525 scorchc1550 scalp1552 mincea1560 rash?1565 beslash1581 fent1589 engrave1590 nick1592 snip1593 carbonado1596 rescide1598 skice1600 entail1601 chip1609 wriggle1612 insecate1623 carbonate1629 carbonade1634 insecta1652 flick1676 sneg1718 snick1728 slot1747 sneck1817 tame1847 bite- the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off becarveOE carvec1000 hewc1000 shredc1275 cuta1300 chapc1325 cleavec1330 off-shearc1330 withscore1340 to cut offc1380 colea1400 slivea1400 to score awayc1400 abscisea1500 discidea1513 sharea1529 off-trenchc1530 off-hewc1540 pare1549 detrench1553 slice?1560 detrunk1566 sneck1578 resect1579 shred1580 curtail1594 off-chop1594 lop?1602 disbranch1608 abscind1610 snip1611 circumcise1613 desecate1623 discerpa1628 amputate1638 absciss1639 prescind1640 notch1820 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) v. 5 Hine sylfne mid stanum ceorfende. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 To keruen þat fel biforen on his strenende lime. c1386 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 159 Ther he with throte ykoruen lay. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7241 Quils sampson slepped..His hare sco kerf. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 40 Quen corne is coruen with crokez kene. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 765 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 325 With brede y-coruyn. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 40 Kerve appuls overtwert and cast þerin. 1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 45 They wolde..pricke and kerue her owne bodyes. 1560 ed. of Chaucer's Boeth. i. 198 b/2 They..corven and renten my clothes. †b. With various complements, as of kerven, to cut off; to carve (a limb) from any one; to carve asunder, to carve in two, to carve in or to pieces; to carve (a knight) out of his armour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out of [verb (transitive)] to come out of ——lOE to carve (a knight) out ofc1405 eliminatea1657 c1000 Ælfric Leviticus viii. 20 Hig curfon ðone ram eall to sticceon. c1025 Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1014 He cearf of heora handa and heora nosa. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1810) 560 Sir Willam Mautrauers Carf him of fet & honde. c1325 Chron. Eng. 757 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 301 Hys legges hy corven of anon. 1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 244 Þe dede body þe[i] britten on four quarters corn. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Hosea xiv. 1 Wymmen with chijld of it ben coruen out. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1836 Tho was he coruen out of his harneys. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4223 Laces and stringes he kerue on twoo. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. lv/1 He carf hym a sondre in the myddes. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9468 He karve hit of cleane. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9832 He kylles our knightes, kerues hom in sonder. †c. figurative. Obsolete (with influence of other senses). ΚΠ c1230 Hali Meid. 17 Þeo þat habbið fram ham icoruen flesches lustes. 138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 231 A sworde sharpe..to kerve awey synne. c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 467 His estate fortune fro him carf. †d. intransitive or absol. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (intransitive)] carve?c1225 rivec1275 shearc1275 cutc1400 racea1413 incise?1541 slash1548 slive1558 hackle1577 haggle1577 slice1606 snipa1680 chip1844 bite1849 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 281 Ȝef þeaxe necurue. ne spitel stef ne dulue..hwa kepte ham to halden. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 4066 Þai corwen þurch liuer & þurch lunge. 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. xi Y^e lyue y^t carueth through the centre. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. v. 217 Onto hys chyn the edge did carvin doun. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6674 He..Corve euyn at the kyng with a kene sword. e. transitive (slang). To slash (a person) with a knife or razor; esp. to carve (a person) up. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > cut > with razor chiv1725 razor1878 carve1929 chivvy1959 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > use of knives > stab with knife [verb (transitive)] > cut with knife or razor chiv1725 carve1929 1929 D. Hammett Dain Curse xi. 113 The man had..stood..waiting to carve me when I came out; and my fall had saved me, making him miss me with the blade. 1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock iii. i. 98 They just meant to carve him up, but a razor slipped. 1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad v. 65 He feared that they would ‘carve him up’. 1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xiv. 157 Carve him with a razor. 1960 M. Spark Ballad of Peckham Rye ix. 188 We got to carve up that boy one of these days. †2. transitive. To cleave (as by cutting). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > cleaving or splitting > cleave or split [verb (transitive)] to-cleavec888 cleavea1100 forcleavec1290 shidec1315 rivec1330 sheara1340 carvec1374 slivea1400 thrusche1483 porfend1490 splet1530 share?1566 spleet1585 splint1591 split1595 diverberate1609 fissure1656 spall1841 balkanize1942 c1374 G. Chaucer Former Age 21 No ship yit karf the wawes grene. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1547 As a coltour in clay cerues þo forȝes. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. xvii. 56 a A great hyl..carf on twain, Not farre asyde from the towne. 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) v. §2. 170 The filing of iron..almost all men..abhorre to heare..for that the aire so carued, punisheth and fretteth the heart. †3. a. To circumcise. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > circumcision > perform circumcision [verb (transitive)] umbeclipc1175 umbeshearc1175 umbecarvea1240 sheara1300 circumcisea1325 circumcide1340 skina1400 carvec1420 excise1634 c1420 Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. 86 The chylde was corve therwith. b. To castrate (a cock). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > rear poultry [verb (transitive)] > castrate carve1586 caponize1654 capon- 1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxxix. 259 Generally of foule the carued is better, then the other. Of beastes the gelded haue preferment. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 280 If they be once carued and made capons they crow no more. 1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius To carve as cockrels are carved. 4. To cut (a way or passage). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > fashion, shape, or form > form by cutting, pounding, tearing, rubbing, etc. hewc900 smitec1275 tailc1400 carve1490 tear1597 wear1597 to work out1600 draw1610 to carve outa1616 effringe1657 shear1670 pare1708 sned1789 whittle1848 to rip up1852 slice1872 chop1874 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through or over obstacles > by cutting carve1490 to carve outa1616 hack1781 fray1849 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxvii. 97 The shippes..carfe waie in the water. 1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (new ed.) 37 To such let others carve their way. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxiii. 232 The axe was indispensable to carve our path through the hummocks. 1865 J. G. Holland Plain Talks iii. 115 It is by work that man carves his way to that measure of power. II. To cut artistically or ornamentally. 5. transitive. a. To hew, cut, or sculpture (any solid figure, an image, out of stone, in ivory, etc.); to make or shape artistically by cutting. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > an image or design carveOE gravec1000 pill1535 engrave1542 scrieve1542 chip1711 whittle1848 chip-carve1903 OE Dream of Rood 66 Ongunnon him þa moldern wyrcan beornas on banan gesyhðe; curfon hie ðæt of beorhtan stane, gesetton hie ðæron sigora wealdend. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 292 He..carff welle ymagus and peynted bothe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xl. C Morouer shal the ymage maker..carue therout an ymage. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Pygmalion in Fables 165 And carv'd in Iv'ry such a Maid, so fair. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud viii. in Maud & Other Poems 32 An angel watching an urn Wept over her, carved in stone. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 207 Each column has been carved out of a single block of green marble. b. To fashion (a material) into some shape by cutting, chiselling, or sculpturing. ΚΠ 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. xiii. 13 He carueth it [wood] diligently..and..fashioneth it after the similitude of a man. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 26 Had Dinocrates really carved Mount Athos into a Statue of Alexander the Great. 6. a. To cut or engrave figures, either in relief or intaglio, on (in, into) a surface. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > an image or design > on a surface carvea1325 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > a material carve1542 emboast1575 insculpturea1785 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2700 He carf in two gummes of pris Two likenesses. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 132 With Poules wyndow coruen on his shoos. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 219/1 Thistory of her was..entayled & coruen in the sepulcre. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes sig. 332^v An other [chaire of estate] with whippes kerued in it. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 9 Carue on euery Tree, The faire, the chaste, and vnexpressiue shee. View more context for this quotation 1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 45 To carve upon his flesh the mark of that strict and pure covnant. c1800 R. Southey Retrospect Some idle hind Carves his rude name within a sapling's rind. 1817 C. Wolfe Burial Sir J. Moore in Edinb. Monthly Mag. June 278/1 We carved not a line, we raised not a stone. b. to cover or adorn (wood, stone, etc.) with figures so cut on or in the surface. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (transitive)] > decorate with sculpture or carving carvec1384 sculpturea1660 insculp1665 c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame 1295 Which [gate] that so wel corven was. c1394 P. Pl. Crede 161 Þe pileres weren..queynteli i-coruen wiþ curiouse knottes. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ciii/2 To Carue wood, insculpere. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings vi. 29 Hee carued all the walles of the house round about with carued figures of Cherubims. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 90 Nor Box..Smooth-grain'd..Which curious Hands may kerve . View more context for this quotation a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 76 Carv'd in such a manner, as to resemble a piece of wainscot. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 145 A million wrinkles carved his skin. 1875 H. W. Longfellow Pandora v Yon oaken chest, carven with figures. 1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. 84 Sarcophagi carved with old Christian emblems. 7. intransitive or absol. To cut figures or designs; to practise the sculptor's or engraver's art. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > sculpt or carve [verb (intransitive)] carve1567 sculpt1864 sculp1889 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 12^v Kaman the stone..is easie to be engrauen and carued in. 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xxxiii. ii. 268 He that carues and drawes with equall praise. 1841 R. W. Emerson Art in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 356 We carve and paint, or we behold what is carved and painted. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 14 Where other poets sketch, Homer draws; and where they draw he carves. III. To cut into portions, and similar uses. 8. a. intransitive. To cut up meat at table. †to carve to: to serve, ‘help’ (any one at a meal). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > prepare meat [verb (intransitive)] > carve carvea1300 the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (transitive)] > serve person servec1275 to serve forth1381 rewarda1495 to carve toa1533 to serve in1629 help1688 a1300 K. Horn 233 Tech him..Biuore me to kerue, And of the cupe serue. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 100 He..carf biforn his fader at the table. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) ii. 21 Euery man that wylle come to knyghthode hym behoueth to lerne in his yongthe to kerue at the table. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxvii. sig. Qiii There Gouernar carued to the lady ryght goodly with his knyfe. 1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 276 Giue them from your owne, but doe not carue them from anothers trencher. 1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iii. v. sig. R5^v (heading) Upon his being Carv'd to at a Feast. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iii. 56 A Bit of Meat..out of which I carved for my self. 1751 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 11 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1681 A man who tells you gravely that he cannot carve. 1868 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 148 General Grey and Lady Churchill carved. b. transitive e.g. to carve a fowl, to carve a joint, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > dress animals for food [verb (transitive)] > carve shearc1330 unlacec1400 smitea1500 carve1529 to cut up1574 cuta1616 1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader viii. sig. Mi^v Men to cerve his [sc. the Pope's] mossels. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing v. i. 153 A calues head & a capon, the which if I doe not carue most curiously, say my kniffe's naught. 1616 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliad ix, in Whole Wks. Homer 125 Till I had..karu'd thee tenderst meate. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. ii. 41 Captain Aylmer..would have..carved the roast fowl with much more skill. 9. figurative. a. intransitive. To help or serve (oneself or others) at one's own discretion, to do at one's pleasure, indulge oneself. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > taken [verb (intransitive)] > take at will or pleasure raimc1300 to be one's own carver1578 carve1596 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > seek or look after one's own interest [verb (intransitive)] > indulge oneself carve1596 indulgea1718 ego-trip1969 head trip1974 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. li. 234 Which of the Patriarks, Prophets, or Gods People..vnto their owne Affections caru'd. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 20 He may not as vnualewed persons doe, Carue for himselfe. View more context for this quotation 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 581 They shall carve themselves, of your punishment, and their owne advancement, at their pleasure. 1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions ii. x. 210 Thus to carve himselfe of justice, is..to violate lawfull authority. 1691 J. Locke Money in Wks. (1727) II. 35 When some common and great Distress..emboldens them to carve to their wants with armed Force. †b. transitive. To apportion at discretion, to assign as one's portion or lot, to take at one's pleasure. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > take at will or pleasure choosea1300 carve1578 the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > assign or allot givec1050 bequeatha1325 ordaina1325 assign1340 sortc1374 sign1389 betakea1400 beteacha1400 remiss1525 allot1534 carve1578 divide1600 to set off1687 the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > appropriate ownOE rimec1275 takec1300 appropre1366 to keep, take to or for one's own storec1385 to get awayc1480 proper1496 apprehenda1522 impropry1526 impropriate1567 carve1578 forestall1581 appropriate1583 propriate1587 pocket1597 impatronize1611 propertya1616 asself1632 appropriatea1634 swallow1637 to swallow up1654 sink1699 poucha1774 spheterize1779 sack1807 fob1818 to look back to1822 mop1861 annex1865 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 50^v Be sapient therfore Reader..not captious in caruing a fault. 1650 T. Hobbes De Corpore Politico 35 Where every man carveth out his own right, it hath the same effect, as if there were no right at all. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 15 Carving a good portion of Honour to themselves. 1742 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (ed. 3) I. i. 33 Licence being indulged to an insolent army of carving for themselves what fortunes they pleased. 1755 E. Young Centaur ii. 115 God's promises are better than any thing we can carve for ourselves. 10. a. To cut up or subdivide. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] to-shedc888 to-dealeOE dealc950 twemea1023 to-doOE to-shiftc1122 brittenc1175 sunderc1230 depart1297 parta1300 twain15.. dividec1380 minisha1382 dressc1410 dissever1417 sever1435 quarterc1440 distinct1526 videc1540 disperse1548 several1570 separate1581 dirempt1587 distinguish1609 piecemeal1611 discrete1624 dispart1629 slit1645 parcel1652 canton1653 tripartite1653 split1707 carve1711 scind1869 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. ii. iii. 112 Our second Head: which we shou'd again subdivide into Firsts and Seconds, but that this manner of carving is of late days grown much out of fashion. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) VI. 379 The testator..has carved the whole fee in particular estates. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 25 All the rest was carved into small portions. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. v. 97 The Country was carved into equal districts. b. to carve up: to cheat, swindle. slang. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle defraud1362 deceivec1380 plucka1500 lurch1530 defeata1538 souse1545 lick1548 wipe1549 fraud1563 use1564 cozen1573 nick1576 verse1591 rooka1595 trim1600 skelder1602 firk1604 dry-shave1620 fiddle1630 nose1637 foista1640 doa1642 sharka1650 chouse1654 burn1655 bilk1672 under-enter1692 sharp1699 stick1699 finger1709 roguea1714 fling1749 swindle1773 jink1777 queer1778 to do over1781 jump1789 mace1790 chisel1808 slang1812 bucket1819 to clean out1819 give it1819 to put in the hole1819 ramp1819 sting1819 victimize1839 financier1840 gum1840 snakea1861 to take down1865 verneuk1871 bunco1875 rush1875 gyp1879 salt1882 daddle1883 work1884 to have (one) on toast1886 slip1890 to do (a person) in the eye1891 sugar1892 flay1893 to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895 con1896 pad1897 screw1900 short-change1903 to do in1906 window dress1913 ream1914 twist1914 clean1915 rim1918 tweedle1925 hype1926 clip1927 take1927 gazump1928 yentz1930 promote1931 to take (someone) to the cleaners1932 to carve up1933 chizz1948 stiff1950 scam1963 to rip off1969 to stitch up1970 skunk1971 to steal (someone) blind1974 diddle- 1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 65 Carve up (Amer.), to annihilate completely. That dear grave holds a disappointed chap who cum out here from Reno to carve me up.] 1933 C. E. Leach On Top of Underworld x. 138 Carve up, swindle accomplice out of share. 1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid ix. 96 I'm going to trust you to play square with me at the end. No carving-up or else. 1959 H. Pinter Birthday Party i. 10 Then after that, you know what they did? They carved me up. Carved me up. It was all arranged, it was all worked out. 11. The alliterative phrase cut and carve goes back to the 14th cent. when the two words were equivalent, and cut was beginning to take the place of carve: it is still used, though mostly figurative, and probably carve is now usually taken in the preceding or some of the extant senses. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] snithec725 carvec1000 cutc1275 slitc1275 hag1294 ritc1300 chop1362 slash1382 cut and carvea1398 flash?a1400 flish?a1400 slenda1400 race?a1425 raise?a1425 razea1425 scotch?c1425 ochec1440 slitec1450 ranch?a1525 scorchc1550 scalp1552 mincea1560 rash?1565 beslash1581 fent1589 engrave1590 nick1592 snip1593 carbonado1596 rescide1598 skice1600 entail1601 chip1609 wriggle1612 insecate1623 carbonate1629 carbonade1634 insecta1652 flick1676 sneg1718 snick1728 slot1747 sneck1817 tame1847 bite- a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cii. 993 Bowes þerof [sc. mirra] ben ykorue, ykutte, and yslitte. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lxiv. 181 The skynne is callyd cutis in latyn, for it..is ofte kytte and coruen. c1400 Rom. Rose 1887 This arwe was kene grounde, As ony rasour that is founde, To kutte and kerve. 1633 G. Herbert Divinitie in Temple ii Which with the edge of wit they cut and carve. 1799 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (ed. 2) I. Introd. 8 Mr. L. T. Rede..proceeds to cut and carve me down into..a careful abridgement. 1810 W. Combe Schoolmaster's Tour in Poet. Mag. Nov. 4 To the last he'd cut and carve. 12. to carve out: a. legal. To cut a smaller or subordinate estate out of a larger one. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal possession > possess in law [verb (transitive)] > divide some part of property from whole sever1532 to carve out1625 1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 21 To carue out his whole maintenance out of their estates. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 107 The fee-simple..is generally vested and resides in some person or other; though divers inferior estates may be carved out of it. 1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. v. 177 The estate of tenant in tail was, according to the metaphorical expression of the lawyers, ‘carved out of’, that is, less than an estate in fee simple and different from it. 1879 E. J. Castle Law of Rating 66 The interests carved out or subordinate to his occupation. 1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 255 A lease..carved out of a term created by a lease of the 27th of June, 1797. b. transferred. (Sometimes also in other senses, esp. senses 1 and 4.) ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > fashion, shape, or form > form by cutting, pounding, tearing, rubbing, etc. hewc900 smitec1275 tailc1400 carve1490 tear1597 wear1597 to work out1600 draw1610 to carve outa1616 effringe1657 shear1670 pare1708 sned1789 whittle1848 to rip up1852 slice1872 chop1874 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > through or over obstacles > by cutting carve1490 to carve outa1616 hack1781 fray1849 a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. ii. 20 Braue Macbeth..with his brandisht Steele..caru'd out his passage. View more context for this quotation 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur vii. 202 The valiant..carve out to themselves propitious Fate. 1717 R. Bentley Serm. before King George 6 Carving out his own Satisfaction in every Object of Desire. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 514 Roger now sought..to carve out a dominion for himself. 1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 77 Persistency will carve out a way to unexpected success. 1875 A. Maclaren Serm. 2nd Ser. viii. 144 No matter what honour they have carved out for themselves with their swords. †13. figurative (with reference to speech) Schmidt suggests ‘To show great courtesy and affability’. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 323 A can carue to, and lispe: Why this is hee That kist his hand, a way in courtisie. 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor i. iii. 40 She carues, she Discourses. She giues the lyre of inuitation. Derivatives carving n. ΚΠ 1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock ii. i. 73 How do we make you safe, Spicer?.. If carving'd do it [etc.]. Draft additions December 2016 transitive. Sport. In skiing, surfing, etc.: to make (a turn) by putting weight and pressure on one edge of the ski or board so it moves through the snow or water in the required direction; to cut and turn through (a surface) in this way. Also intransitive: to ski, surf, etc., in this way. to carve it up: to cut through snow or water in a particularly dynamic or skilful manner. ΚΠ 1947 F. Iselin & A. C. Spectorsky Invitation to Skiing vii. 117 This vertical posture preserves speed, rhythm and cadence. It helps the skier to carve clean turns, in which the skid is distributed over the curve. 1965 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 7 Nov. e21/5 Racing through the tube,..diving down to the trough, carving it up,..humiliating the wave. 1967 P. Edwards & R. K. Ottum You should have been here Hour Ago vii. 70 (caption) He..casually drags a hand through the wave to steady himself while carving a turn. 1989 Ski Nov. 139/2 Carving turns down gentle slopes. 1993 W. Witherell & D. Evrard Athletic Skier (1998) 212 A racer who can carve where others are skidding, gains time. 2003 Ski Sept. (Buyers Guide) 158/1 It flexes well, and it's plenty powerful to really carve it up. 2011 F. Parrett Past the Shallows (2012) 45 He carved along the wave nice and loose, flicked up with sharp cutbacks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1888v.OE
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carven.

carvev.

Derivatives

Draft additions December 2016