Akkadianadj.n.

Brit.

/əˈkeɪdɪən/,

/aˈkeɪdɪən/,

/əˈkadɪən/,

/aˈkadɪən/, U.S.

/əˈkeɪdiən/

Forms: 1800s– Accadian, 1800s– Akkadian.

Origin: From proper names, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Akkad , -ian suffix.

Etymology: < Akkad, Accad (Akkadian Akkadum , Akkade , (in late sources) Akkadu ), the name of a city (probably to be identified with Agade ) founded by Sargon I, and of the northern part of ancient Babylonia + -ian suffix. Compare Akkadian akkadû , adjective and noun (in senses A. 2 and B. 2a), French accadien, †akkadien, noun (1873) and adjective (1892), German akkadisch, adjective (1858 or earlier).

A. adj.

1. Of or relating to a non-Semitic people inhabiting the southern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c., now identified as the Sumerians. Also: of or relating to this people's language (see sense B. 1a). Now disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [adjective]

MidianitishOE

MoabitishOE

Ammonitea1325

Moabitea1325

Amalekitea1382

Midianitea1382

Amorite1530

Scythian1567

Philistian1569

Sabaeana1586

Scythian-likea1599

Nabatean1614

Philistean1623

Scythic1623

Chaldean1732

Alarodian1737

Philistinian1773

Judahite1797

Philistine1842

Moabitic1851

Himyaritic1854

Akkadian1856

Scythized1861

Cimmerian1862

Idumaean1863

Himyaric1864

Hittite1871

Kassite1894

Hattian1908

Khaldian1908

Kenite1911

Hattic1913

Ephthalite1920

Subarian1923

Hurrian1928

Gutian1929

Saka1958

Luvian1963

Urartian1965

Eblaite1976

1856 E. Hincks in Monthly Rev. Feb. 131/1 It might be inferred that the central column contained the character, and that its Akkadian value was given on the left, and its Assyrian on the right.

1858 E. Hincks (title) On the relation between the newly-discovered Accadian language and the Indo-European, Semitic and Egyptian languages.

1874 A. H. Sayce in Trans. Soc. Biblical Archæol. 3 468 Elamu..is but a translation of the old Accadian name Susiana, Numma.

1883 United Presbyterian Mag. 1 Dec. 531 The ancient Accadian, or as some prefer to call it, Sumerian race, the non-Semitic inhabitants of Chaldea.

1906 J. H. Raven Old Test. Introd. i. ii. 49 The ancient non-Semitic Akkadian language which it [sc. Assyrian] replaced.

2. Of or relating to a Semitic people inhabiting the northern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c. Also: of or relating to the language of this people and of later Babylonians and Assyrians of south and north Mesopotamia respectively (see sense B. 2a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [adjective] > Semitic > Akkadian

Akkadian1873

1873 Rec. of Past 1 ii. 5 His [sc. Hammurabi's] inscriptions are, with one exception, written in the Accadian language.

1882 Academy 22 July 68/2 From this early Akkadian word we should expect to find a dialectic form with the g weakened into m.

1948 D. Diringer Alphabet i. i. 49 In the long development of the cuneiform writing of the Mesopotamian Semites, we can distinguish in particular six periods: (1) The Early Accadian period and Ur III, roughly from the middle of the twenty-fifth century b.c. to the middle of the twenty-second century b.c. [etc.].

2005 B. R. Foster Before Muses (ed. 3) 2 Late Babylonian (600 b.c. to the Christian era)..was the last phase of the Akkadian language.

2010 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Nov. (Suppl.) 12 Around 2300 bc an Akkadian king called Sargon of Agade forged Mesopotamia into the world's first empire.

B. n.

a. A non-Semitic language of the southern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c., known from cuneiform inscriptions, and now identified as Sumerian. Now disused.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [noun] > others

Eteocretan?1615

Etruscan1768

Akkadian1856

Sumerian1873

Lycaonian1893

Gilyak1913

Subarian1926

Carian1933

Mysian1939

Mapuche1941

Cappadocian1954

1856 E. Hincks in Monthly Rev. Feb. 131/1 I will call this provisionally Akkadian.

1856 E. Hincks in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 23 Polite Lit. 44 A language which he calls Accadian, and which he considers to be Scythic or Turanian.

1874 A. H. Sayce in Trans. Soc. Biblical Archæol. 3 484 In both Elamite and Susian, as well as in Accadian, the genitive relation may be expressed by simple position.

1908 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. Oct. 1244 Schrader also discussed whether Akkadian (now called Sumerian) was really a language or not.

b. A member of a non-Semitic people inhabiting the southern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c., now identified as the Sumerians. Now disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [noun] > person

Idumaeanc897

PhilistineeOE

PhilisteeOE

Philistianc1375

Midianitea1382

Moabitea1382

Chaldee1382

Scytha1387

Ammonitea1393

Alana1450

Amorite1530

Kenite1535

Scythian1543

Nabatean1555

Illyrian1584

Sabaean1607

Hittite1608

Homerite1613

White Hun1653

Judahite1708

Alarodian1709

Cimmerian1797

Thamudite1833

Himyarite1842

Akkadian1857

Saka1880

Ephthalite1882

Kassite1888

Hurrian1911

Hattian1914

Tarsian1914

Subarian1923

Gutian1928

Urartian1934

Nesite1949

Luvian1961

Eblaite1976

1857 E. Hincks in Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1853–7 (1858) 6 523 The Accadians usually terminated their adjectives in a.

1879 A. H. Sayce in Trans. Philol. Soc. 123 By Accadians are meant the predecessors of the Semites in Chaldea.

1898 J. Hastings Dict. Bible (1908) 21/1 It is maintained by a certain school of Oriental historians and linguists, that the lower Mesopotamian valley was at an early day populated by the Accadians, who were originally related to the Sumerians.

1919 H. J. Mackinder Democratic Ideals & Reality iv. 112 The Chaldees..were Semites who supplanted the non-Semitic Accadians in the land which became Babylonia.

a. An East Semitic language used by a people inhabiting the northern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c. and later displaying two major dialects, Babylonian and Assyrian, in south and north Mesopotamia respectively.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [noun] > Semitic > Akkadian

Babylonian1789

Akkadian1873

1873 Rec. of Past 1 ii. 6 Other languages, and totally different ones, existed at the same time, of which the most important was the Accadian.

1877 A. H. Keane tr. A. Hovelacque Sci. of Lang. iv. 141 Oppert..takes Accadian to be absolutely synonymous with Assyrian, both simply implying the Semitic speech of Nineveh and Babylon.

1917 Ann. Med. Hist. 1 233/1 The Sumerian name for physician which also passed over into Akkadian and thence into other Semitic languages.

1972 Catholic Biblical Q. Jan. 93 The book provides an excellent ‘pony’ for the student who is weak in Akkadian.

2005 J. Huehnergard Gram. Akkadian (ed. 2) p. xxv Speakers of Sumerian and speakers of Akkadian coexisted in southern Babylonia for centuries.

b. A member of the Semitic people inhabiting the northern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c. who used this language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of Iran, Iraq, or the Gulf > [noun]

MedeeOE

Persianc1375

Persec1384

Medianc1400

Lydian1545

Mesopotamian1553

Meccana1618

Ma'dan1792

Omanic1819

Iraqi1824

Yemenite1864

Sumerian1873

Akkadian1908

Yemeni1916

Marsh Arab1917

Medinese1922

Iraqian1923

Kuwaiti1928

Tehrani1939

Qatari1954

1908 Guide Babylonian & Assyrian Antiq. (Brit. Mus.) (ed. 2) 3 The Semitic immigrants, or Akkadians, appear to have amalgamated with the earlier inhabitants.

1923 D. A. Mackenzie Myths China & Japan xii. 199 The mineral workings exploited by the Sumerians or Akkadians.

1958 A. Toynbee East to West liii. 160 The Akkadians themselves had acquired the vast irrigated oasis in the waist of Mesopotamia where the two rivers all but meet.

1991 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 42 112 The Akkadians adopted the Sumerian script for their Semitic language.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	akkadian
释义	Akkadianadj.n. Brit. /əˈkeɪdɪən/, /aˈkeɪdɪən/, /əˈkadɪən/, /aˈkadɪən/, U.S. /əˈkeɪdiən/ Forms: 1800s– Accadian, 1800s– Akkadian. Origin: From proper names, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Akkad , -ian suffix. Etymology: < Akkad, Accad (Akkadian Akkadum , Akkade , (in late sources) Akkadu ), the name of a city (probably to be identified with Agade ) founded by Sargon I, and of the northern part of ancient Babylonia + -ian suffix. Compare Akkadian akkadû , adjective and noun (in senses A. 2 and B. 2a), French accadien, †akkadien, noun (1873) and adjective (1892), German akkadisch, adjective (1858 or earlier). A. adj. 1. Of or relating to a non-Semitic people inhabiting the southern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c., now identified as the Sumerians. Also: of or relating to this people's language (see sense B. 1a). Now disused. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [adjective] MidianitishOE MoabitishOE Ammonitea1325 Moabitea1325 Amalekitea1382 Midianitea1382 Amorite1530 Scythian1567 Philistian1569 Sabaeana1586 Scythian-likea1599 Nabatean1614 Philistean1623 Scythic1623 Chaldean1732 Alarodian1737 Philistinian1773 Judahite1797 Philistine1842 Moabitic1851 Himyaritic1854 Akkadian1856 Scythized1861 Cimmerian1862 Idumaean1863 Himyaric1864 Hittite1871 Kassite1894 Hattian1908 Khaldian1908 Kenite1911 Hattic1913 Ephthalite1920 Subarian1923 Hurrian1928 Gutian1929 Saka1958 Luvian1963 Urartian1965 Eblaite1976 1856 E. Hincks in Monthly Rev. Feb. 131/1 It might be inferred that the central column contained the character, and that its Akkadian value was given on the left, and its Assyrian on the right. 1858 E. Hincks (title) On the relation between the newly-discovered Accadian language and the Indo-European, Semitic and Egyptian languages. 1874 A. H. Sayce in Trans. Soc. Biblical Archæol. 3 468 Elamu..is but a translation of the old Accadian name Susiana, Numma. 1883 United Presbyterian Mag. 1 Dec. 531 The ancient Accadian, or as some prefer to call it, Sumerian race, the non-Semitic inhabitants of Chaldea. 1906 J. H. Raven Old Test. Introd. i. ii. 49 The ancient non-Semitic Akkadian language which it [sc. Assyrian] replaced. 2. Of or relating to a Semitic people inhabiting the northern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c. Also: of or relating to the language of this people and of later Babylonians and Assyrians of south and north Mesopotamia respectively (see sense B. 2a). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [adjective] > Semitic > Akkadian Akkadian1873 1873 Rec. of Past 1 ii. 5 His [sc. Hammurabi's] inscriptions are, with one exception, written in the Accadian language. 1882 Academy 22 July 68/2 From this early Akkadian word we should expect to find a dialectic form with the g weakened into m. 1948 D. Diringer Alphabet i. i. 49 In the long development of the cuneiform writing of the Mesopotamian Semites, we can distinguish in particular six periods: (1) The Early Accadian period and Ur III, roughly from the middle of the twenty-fifth century b.c. to the middle of the twenty-second century b.c. [etc.]. 2005 B. R. Foster Before Muses (ed. 3) 2 Late Babylonian (600 b.c. to the Christian era)..was the last phase of the Akkadian language. 2010 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Nov. (Suppl.) 12 Around 2300 bc an Akkadian king called Sargon of Agade forged Mesopotamia into the world's first empire. B. n. 1. a. A non-Semitic language of the southern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c., known from cuneiform inscriptions, and now identified as Sumerian. Now disused. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [noun] > others Eteocretan?1615 Etruscan1768 Akkadian1856 Sumerian1873 Lycaonian1893 Gilyak1913 Subarian1926 Carian1933 Mysian1939 Mapuche1941 Cappadocian1954 1856 E. Hincks in Monthly Rev. Feb. 131/1 I will call this provisionally Akkadian. 1856 E. Hincks in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 23 Polite Lit. 44 A language which he calls Accadian, and which he considers to be Scythic or Turanian. 1874 A. H. Sayce in Trans. Soc. Biblical Archæol. 3 484 In both Elamite and Susian, as well as in Accadian, the genitive relation may be expressed by simple position. 1908 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. Oct. 1244 Schrader also discussed whether Akkadian (now called Sumerian) was really a language or not. b. A member of a non-Semitic people inhabiting the southern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c., now identified as the Sumerians. Now disused. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > ancient peoples of the Middle East and Asia Minor > [noun] > person Idumaeanc897 PhilistineeOE PhilisteeOE Philistianc1375 Midianitea1382 Moabitea1382 Chaldee1382 Scytha1387 Ammonitea1393 Alana1450 Amorite1530 Kenite1535 Scythian1543 Nabatean1555 Illyrian1584 Sabaean1607 Hittite1608 Homerite1613 White Hun1653 Judahite1708 Alarodian1709 Cimmerian1797 Thamudite1833 Himyarite1842 Akkadian1857 Saka1880 Ephthalite1882 Kassite1888 Hurrian1911 Hattian1914 Tarsian1914 Subarian1923 Gutian1928 Urartian1934 Nesite1949 Luvian1961 Eblaite1976 1857 E. Hincks in Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1853–7 (1858) 6 523 The Accadians usually terminated their adjectives in a. 1879 A. H. Sayce in Trans. Philol. Soc. 123 By Accadians are meant the predecessors of the Semites in Chaldea. 1898 J. Hastings Dict. Bible (1908) 21/1 It is maintained by a certain school of Oriental historians and linguists, that the lower Mesopotamian valley was at an early day populated by the Accadians, who were originally related to the Sumerians. 1919 H. J. Mackinder Democratic Ideals & Reality iv. 112 The Chaldees..were Semites who supplanted the non-Semitic Accadians in the land which became Babylonia. 2. a. An East Semitic language used by a people inhabiting the northern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c. and later displaying two major dialects, Babylonian and Assyrian, in south and north Mesopotamia respectively. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [noun] > Semitic > Akkadian Babylonian1789 Akkadian1873 1873 Rec. of Past 1 ii. 6 Other languages, and totally different ones, existed at the same time, of which the most important was the Accadian. 1877 A. H. Keane tr. A. Hovelacque Sci. of Lang. iv. 141 Oppert..takes Accadian to be absolutely synonymous with Assyrian, both simply implying the Semitic speech of Nineveh and Babylon. 1917 Ann. Med. Hist. 1 233/1 The Sumerian name for physician which also passed over into Akkadian and thence into other Semitic languages. 1972 Catholic Biblical Q. Jan. 93 The book provides an excellent ‘pony’ for the student who is weak in Akkadian. 2005 J. Huehnergard Gram. Akkadian (ed. 2) p. xxv Speakers of Sumerian and speakers of Akkadian coexisted in southern Babylonia for centuries. b. A member of the Semitic people inhabiting the northern part of south Mesopotamia in the third millennium b.c. who used this language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of Iran, Iraq, or the Gulf > [noun] MedeeOE Persianc1375 Persec1384 Medianc1400 Lydian1545 Mesopotamian1553 Meccana1618 Ma'dan1792 Omanic1819 Iraqi1824 Yemenite1864 Sumerian1873 Akkadian1908 Yemeni1916 Marsh Arab1917 Medinese1922 Iraqian1923 Kuwaiti1928 Tehrani1939 Qatari1954 1908 Guide Babylonian & Assyrian Antiq. (Brit. Mus.) (ed. 2) 3 The Semitic immigrants, or Akkadians, appear to have amalgamated with the earlier inhabitants. 1923 D. A. Mackenzie Myths China & Japan xii. 199 The mineral workings exploited by the Sumerians or Akkadians. 1958 A. Toynbee East to West liii. 160 The Akkadians themselves had acquired the vast irrigated oasis in the waist of Mesopotamia where the two rivers all but meet. 1991 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 42 112 The Akkadians adopted the Sumerian script for their Semitic language. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1856
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