Celtn.¹

Brit.

/kɛlt/,

/sɛlt/, U.S.

/kɛlt/,

/sɛlt/

Forms: 1600s– Celt, 1700s– Kelt.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Celtae.

Etymology: < classical Latin Celtae (plural), denoting the inhabitants of the central region of Gaul and (in later use) other peoples regarded as being related to them, apparently < the self-designation of an ancient people (also reflected by ancient Greek Κελτοί : see note). In sense 1b after French Celte (1703 or earlier: see note). Compare German Kelte (1639 in plural as Celten, or earlier).The name. Ancient Greek Κελτοί is first recorded as the name of a particular group of people living near the Greek colony of Masilia (now Marseille in southern France), but is also use to denote other peoples in central and western Europe at an early date (e.g. in Herodotus). Classical Latin Celtae is first used by Caesar, who cites it as the self-designation of a people and as a synonym of Galli (denoting the inhabitants of the central region of Gaul: see Gallo- comb. form¹). Hellenistic Greek Κέλται (in Strabo, etc.), is probably < Latin. The further etymology of the name is uncertain and disputed. Modern semantic development. In the early modern period, an increasing number of classical sources became available in northern Europe in editions and translations, and as a result, ethnonyms used in these texts were borrowed into the modern languages, initially in the same use (compare sense 1a). Some of these classical sources suggested that the ancient inhabitants of Britain were related to the ancient inhabitants of Gaul (who were already being called Celts ). Towards the end of the 17th cent., relationships between the languages of Brittany, parts of Britain, and Ireland were recognized, and the link established between use of these languages and the group of peoples speaking them (compare sense 1b and Celtic adj. 2), although, initially, this group was often taken to include also the Germanic peoples and their languages (compare quots. 1701 and a1721 at sense 1b). For a detailed discussion compare M. Morse How Celts Came to Britain (2005) 21–33. Compare the following examples of Latin Celtae in an English context in sense 1b, earliest in a translation of the work of the Breton scholar P. Y. Pezron, who was instrumental in the development of the concept:1706 D. Jones tr. P. Y. Pezron (title) The antiquities of nations; more particularly of the Celtæ or Gauls [Fr. Celtes], taken to be originally the same people as our ancient Britains.1757 N. Tindal Contin. Rapin's Hist. Eng. Introd. 7 Great Britain was peopled by the Celtæ or Gauls.

a. A member of any of the peoples recorded as inhabiting western mainland Europe in the pre-Roman and early Roman period, referred to by the Greeks as Κελτοί and by the Romans as Celtae; spec. a member of a people living in central Gaul at the time of the Roman expansion into that area in the 1st cent. b.c.Caesar associated the name Celtae specifically with the people of central Gaul (Gallia Celtica); other classical sources applied Celtae (or Κελτοί) more widely to refer to peoples originating in many parts of western Europe from the Danube to the Iberian peninsula, but neither term was extended in classical antiquity to the inhabitants of the British Isles.

ΚΠ

?1556 N. Smyth in tr. Herodian Hist. Annot. sig. Ee.iii^v Cesar in his commentaries saith, that Gaule is deuided into thre partes, wherof the Belges helde the one, the Celtes another, and the Aquitans inhabited the thyrd.

1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia ii. f. 47^v The maner of assault among the Celts, is al one with the maner of the Belgies.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 320 The Indians wer wont to vse no bridles, like the Græcians and Celts.

1789 J. Pinkerton Enq. Hist. Scotl. II. v. iii. 121 It is evident that the Celts, far from being, as Pelloutier idiotically supposes, spred all over Europe, were in fact confined to one third of Gaul.

1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxvi. 411 The Celts advanced within five or six days' march of his camp.

1997 B. Cunliffe Anc. Celts i. 3 By the fourth century the Greeks had come to accept that the Celts occupied a large swath of western Europe from Iberia to the Upper Danube.

2015 A. Erskine in D. Cairns & L. Fulkerson Emotions between Greece & Rome 116 Much of the focus [of the first half of Polybius' history] is on the wars between the Romans and the peoples of the west, in particular the Carthaginians and the Celts.

b. More widely, a member of any of various peoples inhabiting western Europe and the British Isles in ancient times; (now) esp. a member of any of various Iron Age peoples regarded as a group on the basis of speaking related languages, sharing some aspects of material culture, art, etc., or both.During the 17th cent., the suggestion that the ancient Britons were related to or descended from the continental Celts gained ground. The use of the word Celts to refer specifically to the speakers of any the group of related languages now designated Celtic (see Celtic n. 2) began early in the 18th cent. (see note in the etymology). The name was subsequently extended to refer to groups sharing certain other similarities, typically identified on the basis of archaeological evidence (cf. Celtic adj. 3 and the note at that sense). However, precisely which ancient peoples should be called Celts, and the nature and extent of their relationship to one another is still a matter of considerable debate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > person

Celtic1596

Celt1701

Celtican1890

1701 E. Saunders Domestick Charge iii. 73 It was not only the practice of the Jews, but of the Egyptians, the Indians, Greeks, Celts, that is the Germans, Gauls, and Britains.

a1721 C. Eyston in T. Hearne Hist. & Antiq. Glastonbury (1722) 231 The People of Germany, Gaule, the Alpine Countrys, and part, at least, of Britan, were originally but one Nation of one Language, viz. the old Celtæ or Kelts, brought hither..by Ashkenaz, great Grandchild of Noah.

1760 Public Advertiser 1 Dec. On the use of letters among the Celts, or antient Irish.

1842 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man xix. 185 This race, who had probably been expelled by the Italian nations and the Celts from Italy and Gaul.

1863 D. Wilson Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. (ed. 2) II. iv. i. 182 The Celts of Britain are..apparently the oldest among the Aryan races.

1949 V. G. Childe Prehist. Communities Brit. Isles (ed. 3) xiii. 260 Hence the linguistic term ‘Celts’ may be applied not only to the Belgae but also to the La Tène invaders and their outposts..; wherever La Tène remains are found in Central Europe, Upper Italy or Spain, as in Gaul, there the ancient authors and toponymy attest the presence of Celts.

1995 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 20 Dec. (Final ed.) b9 Britain's ancient Celts worshiped a harvest god they called Dagda.

2010 Econ. Bot. 64 120/1 The wild cabbage is thought, on the grounds of linguistic evidence, to have been a food-plant among the Iron Age Celts along the Atlantic seaboard of Europe.

2. A native of a country or region in which Celtic languages are still spoken or were spoken until relatively recently, esp. those in the British Isles (see Celtic adj. 2). Also: a person who traces his or her ancestry to these areas.With reference to Ireland and Scotland, originally applied specifically to the Goidelic-speaking populations, but now often used more widely.Frequently with implications of continuity from sense 1b, esp. in early use.

ΚΠ

1789 J. Pinkerton Enq. Hist. Scotl. I. iii. 342 The Celts are..most tenacious of their speech and manners.

1823 Morning Post 21 Apr. As a Celt was returning in a ‘Jarvie’, at an early hour, from the anniversary dinner of the Highland Society, a difference of opinion arose between him and the coachman as to their place of destination.

1843 Leeds Times 4 Nov. 4/3 At the present moment, the Celts of South Britain are in a state of agrarian insurrection in Wales; the Celts of Ireland are in a state of virtual rebellion to the English government; and the Celts of the Northern Highlands..are now organising themselves for..the resistance of a most grinding system of oppression.

1888 Open Court 8 Nov. 1298/2 Though the mythology of the early Celts has been largely obliterated..it has nevertheless left traces in abundance..in the thoughts and customs of the Celts of the present day.

1906 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Oct. 11/1 I am, of course, a Celt. Though born in Devon, my father was of Cornish descent, whilst my mother—well, she was born in the county of Wexford.

1997 Independent on Sunday 16 Nov. (Review Suppl.) 20/1 Celts, in particular, are on the crest of a new wave in film-making.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

celtn.²

Brit.

/sɛlt/, U.S.

/sɛlt/

Forms: Also kelt.

Etymology: < (reputed) Latin celtes (or ? celte, ? celtis) ‘stone-chisel, sculptor's chisel’. The received or Clementine text of the Vulgate has in Job xix. 24 Stylo ferreo , et plumbi lamina , vel celte sculpantur in silice ; but, though this is the reading of some manuscripts, the Codex Amiatinus and others read certe ‘surely’. Some hold certe to be the original reading (representing l῾d of the Hebrew, ‘for ever’ of the English, which is not expressed by the Septuagint), and take celte as an erroneous alteration of some kind; others think celte a genuine word, and suppose that it was originally a marginal gloss on stylo , which was erroneously taken into the text, and subsequently altered to certe by some one to whom it was perhaps unfamiliar. But the independent evidence for a word celtes or celte is slender. The ‘vetus inscriptio Romæ’, cited by Du Cange, is a late forgery, and celte in it is apparently from the Vulgate. One of the miscellaneous undated glosses in the Glossarium C. Labbæi (Stephens' Thesaurus) is ‘Γλυϕεῖον Celte ’, but this is probably later than the Vulgate variant reading, and may be founded on it. Later also than the Vulgate is the gloss on Sidonius Epist. vii. 3 ( Anecd. Oxon., Class Ser. I. v. p. xi. and 50) ‘Hoc caelum , ut hoc celte , celtis , instrumentum est quo caelatur,’ which shows the ordinary explanation of the word in the Middle Ages. Celtes occurs however in two charters given in Lacomblet Urkundenbuch f. die Geschichte des Niederrheins, II. 331 (anno 1267) ‘meatum seu transitum..ex fovea capituli Coloniensis, ad educendum celtes seu fracmina lapidum per viam eandem’, and II. 382 (anno 1319) ‘quod nulli frangentes lapides seu alii quicumque proicient seu mittent celtes seu alia fragmenta in ipsam foveam’. Here the meaning is ‘pieces or fragments, ? chips’, of stone; the relation of this to the Vulgate word is uncertain. In Welsh, maen cellt , with the assumed meaning ‘flint stone’, occurs in the Triads of Wisdom (16–17th cent.), in Myv. Arch. III. 246; and cellt is also said to be (or to have been) known in Breconshire, in the sense of ‘shell’ of a nut, etc.; but the status of the word is altogether obscure, and its alleged senses help the question little. In any case, celtes , whatever its origin and character, was assumed, on the authority of the Vulgate, to be a genuine word; and, as such, the term was admitted into the technical vocabulary of Archæology, about 1700. ‘In Beger's Thesaurus Brandenburgicus 1696 a bronze celt adapted for insertion in its haft is described under the name of celtes ’ (Ll. Jewitt Half-hours among Eng. Antiq. 1877, p. 32). Apparently the general adoption of the word by antiquaries was influenced by a fancied etymological connection with Celt n.¹: thus the Grand Dict. of Larousse explains it as ‘sorte de hache gauloise en bronze’.

An implement with chisel-shaped edge, of bronze or stone (but sometimes of iron), found among the remains of prehistoric man. It appears to have served for a variety of purposes, as a hoe, chisel, or axe, and perhaps as a weapon of war. Some specimens in bronze are flat, others flanged, others winged, others have sockets to receive a handle, and one, or two, ear-like ansæ or loops.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [noun] > types of

flintstonec1400

celt1748

fairy hammer1815

axe1851

flint-flake1851

stone-axe1864

flake-knife1865

scraper1865

thumb-flint1865

tool-stone1865

saddle quern1867

fabricator1872

grattoir1872

hammer-stone1872

tribrach1873

flake1875

hand-axe1878

pick1888

turtle-back1890

racloir1892

eolith1895

pebble chopper1895

palaeotalith1897

tranchet1899

point1901

pygmy flint1907

microlith1908

Gravette1911

keeled scraper1911

lissoir1911

coup de poing1912

end-scraper1915

burin1916

rostro-carinate1919

tortoise core1919

blade1921

axe-adze1925

petit tranchet1926

tournette1927

pebble tool1931

raclette1932

biface1934

cleaver1935

thumbnail scraper1937

microblade1959

linguate1966

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > knife or dagger > [noun] > celt

celt1748

palstave1851

1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) I. 320 In the great long Barrow farthest North from Stone-henge..was found one of those Brass Instruments called Celts.

1796 G. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 428 Most probably celts were originally chopping tools.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 199 Supposed to be the ancient weapon called the stone celt.

1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. ii. iv. 257 The Bronze Celt is..found of various sizes and degrees of ornament.

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iii. xviii. 414 Kelts, arrow-heads..and hammers, all of stone.

1866 S. Laing Pre-hist. Remains Caithness 40 The hammers or celts are almost all natural stones from the beach.

1867 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) I. i. 3 The..stone hatchets, called celts, found in our peat-bogs.

1878 W. H. Dall On Remains Later Prehist. Man 8 A skeleton interred in the earth, together with the remains of a small iron celt.

Compounds

celt-maker n.

ΚΠ

1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times i. 17 The celt-makers never cast their axes as we do ours, with a transverse hole, through which the handle might pass.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	celt
释义	Celtn.¹ Brit. /kɛlt/, /sɛlt/, U.S. /kɛlt/, /sɛlt/ Forms: 1600s– Celt, 1700s– Kelt. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Celtae. Etymology: < classical Latin Celtae (plural), denoting the inhabitants of the central region of Gaul and (in later use) other peoples regarded as being related to them, apparently < the self-designation of an ancient people (also reflected by ancient Greek Κελτοί : see note). In sense 1b after French Celte (1703 or earlier: see note). Compare German Kelte (1639 in plural as Celten, or earlier).The name. Ancient Greek Κελτοί is first recorded as the name of a particular group of people living near the Greek colony of Masilia (now Marseille in southern France), but is also use to denote other peoples in central and western Europe at an early date (e.g. in Herodotus). Classical Latin Celtae is first used by Caesar, who cites it as the self-designation of a people and as a synonym of Galli (denoting the inhabitants of the central region of Gaul: see Gallo- comb. form¹). Hellenistic Greek Κέλται (in Strabo, etc.), is probably < Latin. The further etymology of the name is uncertain and disputed. Modern semantic development. In the early modern period, an increasing number of classical sources became available in northern Europe in editions and translations, and as a result, ethnonyms used in these texts were borrowed into the modern languages, initially in the same use (compare sense 1a). Some of these classical sources suggested that the ancient inhabitants of Britain were related to the ancient inhabitants of Gaul (who were already being called Celts ). Towards the end of the 17th cent., relationships between the languages of Brittany, parts of Britain, and Ireland were recognized, and the link established between use of these languages and the group of peoples speaking them (compare sense 1b and Celtic adj. 2), although, initially, this group was often taken to include also the Germanic peoples and their languages (compare quots. 1701 and a1721 at sense 1b). For a detailed discussion compare M. Morse How Celts Came to Britain (2005) 21–33. Compare the following examples of Latin Celtae in an English context in sense 1b, earliest in a translation of the work of the Breton scholar P. Y. Pezron, who was instrumental in the development of the concept:1706 D. Jones tr. P. Y. Pezron (title) The antiquities of nations; more particularly of the Celtæ or Gauls [Fr. Celtes], taken to be originally the same people as our ancient Britains.1757 N. Tindal Contin. Rapin's Hist. Eng. Introd. 7 Great Britain was peopled by the Celtæ or Gauls. 1. a. A member of any of the peoples recorded as inhabiting western mainland Europe in the pre-Roman and early Roman period, referred to by the Greeks as Κελτοί and by the Romans as Celtae; spec. a member of a people living in central Gaul at the time of the Roman expansion into that area in the 1st cent. b.c.Caesar associated the name Celtae specifically with the people of central Gaul (Gallia Celtica); other classical sources applied Celtae (or Κελτοί) more widely to refer to peoples originating in many parts of western Europe from the Danube to the Iberian peninsula, but neither term was extended in classical antiquity to the inhabitants of the British Isles. ΚΠ ?1556 N. Smyth in tr. Herodian Hist. Annot. sig. Ee.iii^v Cesar in his commentaries saith, that Gaule is deuided into thre partes, wherof the Belges helde the one, the Celtes another, and the Aquitans inhabited the thyrd. 1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia ii. f. 47^v The maner of assault among the Celts, is al one with the maner of the Belgies. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 320 The Indians wer wont to vse no bridles, like the Græcians and Celts. 1789 J. Pinkerton Enq. Hist. Scotl. II. v. iii. 121 It is evident that the Celts, far from being, as Pelloutier idiotically supposes, spred all over Europe, were in fact confined to one third of Gaul. 1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxvi. 411 The Celts advanced within five or six days' march of his camp. 1997 B. Cunliffe Anc. Celts i. 3 By the fourth century the Greeks had come to accept that the Celts occupied a large swath of western Europe from Iberia to the Upper Danube. 2015 A. Erskine in D. Cairns & L. Fulkerson Emotions between Greece & Rome 116 Much of the focus [of the first half of Polybius' history] is on the wars between the Romans and the peoples of the west, in particular the Carthaginians and the Celts. b. More widely, a member of any of various peoples inhabiting western Europe and the British Isles in ancient times; (now) esp. a member of any of various Iron Age peoples regarded as a group on the basis of speaking related languages, sharing some aspects of material culture, art, etc., or both.During the 17th cent., the suggestion that the ancient Britons were related to or descended from the continental Celts gained ground. The use of the word Celts to refer specifically to the speakers of any the group of related languages now designated Celtic (see Celtic n. 2) began early in the 18th cent. (see note in the etymology). The name was subsequently extended to refer to groups sharing certain other similarities, typically identified on the basis of archaeological evidence (cf. Celtic adj. 3 and the note at that sense). However, precisely which ancient peoples should be called Celts, and the nature and extent of their relationship to one another is still a matter of considerable debate. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > person Celtic1596 Celt1701 Celtican1890 1701 E. Saunders Domestick Charge iii. 73 It was not only the practice of the Jews, but of the Egyptians, the Indians, Greeks, Celts, that is the Germans, Gauls, and Britains. a1721 C. Eyston in T. Hearne Hist. & Antiq. Glastonbury (1722) 231 The People of Germany, Gaule, the Alpine Countrys, and part, at least, of Britan, were originally but one Nation of one Language, viz. the old Celtæ or Kelts, brought hither..by Ashkenaz, great Grandchild of Noah. 1760 Public Advertiser 1 Dec. On the use of letters among the Celts, or antient Irish. 1842 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man xix. 185 This race, who had probably been expelled by the Italian nations and the Celts from Italy and Gaul. 1863 D. Wilson Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. (ed. 2) II. iv. i. 182 The Celts of Britain are..apparently the oldest among the Aryan races. 1949 V. G. Childe Prehist. Communities Brit. Isles (ed. 3) xiii. 260 Hence the linguistic term ‘Celts’ may be applied not only to the Belgae but also to the La Tène invaders and their outposts..; wherever La Tène remains are found in Central Europe, Upper Italy or Spain, as in Gaul, there the ancient authors and toponymy attest the presence of Celts. 1995 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 20 Dec. (Final ed.) b9 Britain's ancient Celts worshiped a harvest god they called Dagda. 2010 Econ. Bot. 64 120/1 The wild cabbage is thought, on the grounds of linguistic evidence, to have been a food-plant among the Iron Age Celts along the Atlantic seaboard of Europe. 2. A native of a country or region in which Celtic languages are still spoken or were spoken until relatively recently, esp. those in the British Isles (see Celtic adj. 2). Also: a person who traces his or her ancestry to these areas.With reference to Ireland and Scotland, originally applied specifically to the Goidelic-speaking populations, but now often used more widely.Frequently with implications of continuity from sense 1b, esp. in early use. ΚΠ 1789 J. Pinkerton Enq. Hist. Scotl. I. iii. 342 The Celts are..most tenacious of their speech and manners. 1823 Morning Post 21 Apr. As a Celt was returning in a ‘Jarvie’, at an early hour, from the anniversary dinner of the Highland Society, a difference of opinion arose between him and the coachman as to their place of destination. 1843 Leeds Times 4 Nov. 4/3 At the present moment, the Celts of South Britain are in a state of agrarian insurrection in Wales; the Celts of Ireland are in a state of virtual rebellion to the English government; and the Celts of the Northern Highlands..are now organising themselves for..the resistance of a most grinding system of oppression. 1888 Open Court 8 Nov. 1298/2 Though the mythology of the early Celts has been largely obliterated..it has nevertheless left traces in abundance..in the thoughts and customs of the Celts of the present day. 1906 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Oct. 11/1 I am, of course, a Celt. Though born in Devon, my father was of Cornish descent, whilst my mother—well, she was born in the county of Wexford. 1997 Independent on Sunday 16 Nov. (Review Suppl.) 20/1 Celts, in particular, are on the crest of a new wave in film-making. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). celtn.² Brit. /sɛlt/, U.S. /sɛlt/ Forms: Also kelt. Etymology: < (reputed) Latin celtes (or ? celte, ? celtis) ‘stone-chisel, sculptor's chisel’. The received or Clementine text of the Vulgate has in Job xix. 24 Stylo ferreo , et plumbi lamina , vel celte sculpantur in silice ; but, though this is the reading of some manuscripts, the Codex Amiatinus and others read certe ‘surely’. Some hold certe to be the original reading (representing l῾d of the Hebrew, ‘for ever’ of the English, which is not expressed by the Septuagint), and take celte as an erroneous alteration of some kind; others think celte a genuine word, and suppose that it was originally a marginal gloss on stylo , which was erroneously taken into the text, and subsequently altered to certe by some one to whom it was perhaps unfamiliar. But the independent evidence for a word celtes or celte is slender. The ‘vetus inscriptio Romæ’, cited by Du Cange, is a late forgery, and celte in it is apparently from the Vulgate. One of the miscellaneous undated glosses in the Glossarium C. Labbæi (Stephens' Thesaurus) is ‘Γλυϕεῖον Celte ’, but this is probably later than the Vulgate variant reading, and may be founded on it. Later also than the Vulgate is the gloss on Sidonius Epist. vii. 3 ( Anecd. Oxon., Class Ser. I. v. p. xi. and 50) ‘Hoc caelum , ut hoc celte , celtis , instrumentum est quo caelatur,’ which shows the ordinary explanation of the word in the Middle Ages. Celtes occurs however in two charters given in Lacomblet Urkundenbuch f. die Geschichte des Niederrheins, II. 331 (anno 1267) ‘meatum seu transitum..ex fovea capituli Coloniensis, ad educendum celtes seu fracmina lapidum per viam eandem’, and II. 382 (anno 1319) ‘quod nulli frangentes lapides seu alii quicumque proicient seu mittent celtes seu alia fragmenta in ipsam foveam’. Here the meaning is ‘pieces or fragments, ? chips’, of stone; the relation of this to the Vulgate word is uncertain. In Welsh, maen cellt , with the assumed meaning ‘flint stone’, occurs in the Triads of Wisdom (16–17th cent.), in Myv. Arch. III. 246; and cellt is also said to be (or to have been) known in Breconshire, in the sense of ‘shell’ of a nut, etc.; but the status of the word is altogether obscure, and its alleged senses help the question little. In any case, celtes , whatever its origin and character, was assumed, on the authority of the Vulgate, to be a genuine word; and, as such, the term was admitted into the technical vocabulary of Archæology, about 1700. ‘In Beger's Thesaurus Brandenburgicus 1696 a bronze celt adapted for insertion in its haft is described under the name of celtes ’ (Ll. Jewitt Half-hours among Eng. Antiq. 1877, p. 32). Apparently the general adoption of the word by antiquaries was influenced by a fancied etymological connection with Celt n.¹: thus the Grand Dict. of Larousse explains it as ‘sorte de hache gauloise en bronze’. An implement with chisel-shaped edge, of bronze or stone (but sometimes of iron), found among the remains of prehistoric man. It appears to have served for a variety of purposes, as a hoe, chisel, or axe, and perhaps as a weapon of war. Some specimens in bronze are flat, others flanged, others winged, others have sockets to receive a handle, and one, or two, ear-like ansæ or loops. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [noun] > types of flintstonec1400 celt1748 fairy hammer1815 axe1851 flint-flake1851 stone-axe1864 flake-knife1865 scraper1865 thumb-flint1865 tool-stone1865 saddle quern1867 fabricator1872 grattoir1872 hammer-stone1872 tribrach1873 flake1875 hand-axe1878 pick1888 turtle-back1890 racloir1892 eolith1895 pebble chopper1895 palaeotalith1897 tranchet1899 point1901 pygmy flint1907 microlith1908 Gravette1911 keeled scraper1911 lissoir1911 coup de poing1912 end-scraper1915 burin1916 rostro-carinate1919 tortoise core1919 blade1921 axe-adze1925 petit tranchet1926 tournette1927 pebble tool1931 raclette1932 biface1934 cleaver1935 thumbnail scraper1937 microblade1959 linguate1966 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > knife or dagger > [noun] > celt celt1748 palstave1851 1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) I. 320 In the great long Barrow farthest North from Stone-henge..was found one of those Brass Instruments called Celts. 1796 G. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 428 Most probably celts were originally chopping tools. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 199 Supposed to be the ancient weapon called the stone celt. 1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. ii. iv. 257 The Bronze Celt is..found of various sizes and degrees of ornament. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iii. xviii. 414 Kelts, arrow-heads..and hammers, all of stone. 1866 S. Laing Pre-hist. Remains Caithness 40 The hammers or celts are almost all natural stones from the beach. 1867 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) I. i. 3 The..stone hatchets, called celts, found in our peat-bogs. 1878 W. H. Dall On Remains Later Prehist. Man 8 A skeleton interred in the earth, together with the remains of a small iron celt. Compounds celt-maker n. ΚΠ 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times i. 17 The celt-makers never cast their axes as we do ours, with a transverse hole, through which the handle might pass. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹?1556n.²1748
随便看	strove strow strowed strowger strowing strowings strown strows stroy stroy-all stroy-good stroyall stroyed stroyer stroyers stroygood stroying stroys strub strucion struck struck back struck down struck in years struck joint

Celtn.1

celtn.2

Compounds

Celtn.¹

celtn.²