stronglyadv.
/ˈstrɒŋli/, U.S. /ˈstrɔŋli/, /ˈstrɑŋli/ I. Of manner.
1.
a. With great physical force or staying power; energetically; violently. Also in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adverb]
strongeOE
hotOE
unsoftOE
snellya1000
stitha1000
stronglyOE
woodlyc1000
hatelyOE
unridelyc1175
wood1297
mainlyc1300
dreec1330
spackly?c1335
brothelyc1340
bremelya1375
fiercelya1375
violentlya1387
throlyc1390
roughlya1400
snarplya1400
unrekenlya1400
dreichlyc1400
ranklyc1400
witherlyc1400
maliciouslya1450
fervently1480
roidlyc1480
thrafully1535
vehement?1541
toughly1589
sickerly1596
vengeously1599
virulently1599
rageously1600
ragefullya1631
churlishly1657
improbously1657
rampantly1698
fierce1771
savagerous1832
fulgurantly1873
franticly1883
OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 5 May (2013) 98 He sæde þæt..þær to come þæs strongestan windes yste, ond þæt se swa stronglice hrure on þa circan, þæt þær ne mihte nænig mon..gestandan.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1016 Ða gewende se here..to Lundene & þa burh utone besæton & hire stranglice wið feaht ge be wætere ge be lande.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 135 Quanne he hauede þis pleinte maked, Þer-after stronglike [he] quaked.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 178 (MED) Þei schullen dyggen & mynen so strongly till þat þei fynden the ȝates.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 959 Sir Bors drew hys helme so strongely that he rente hit frome..hys hede.
a1500 Warkworth's Chron. (1839) 6 Ther thei faughthe strongly togedere.
1533 tr. Erasmus Enchiridion Militis Christiani iii. sig. C.iiii.v The onely waye or meanes is (yf we make warre) agaynst our self, yf we fyght strongly against our owne vices.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. 162 He..gan his sturdy sterne about to weld, And him so strongly stroke, that to the ground him feld.
?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse ii. sig. D2 But hether am I come..To seeke you out, of whose great good the Aire Is full, and strongly labors.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. ii. sig. N8v My Teeth chatter, and my whole Body does shake strongly enough to made [sic] the Bed it self do so.
1709 Philos. Trans. 1708–09 (Royal Soc.) 26 262 I ramm'd them strongly down with a Rammer.
1756 S. Stevens Misc. Remarks Seven Years Tour 3 The tide ran strongly against us.
1792 H. R. Morres Hist. Principal Trans. Irish Parl. 56 Mr. French..moved the foregoing resolution; upon which the house divided, and, as the current flowed strongly in its favour, [etc.].
1821 J. Davy Acct. Interior of Ceylon i. i. 41 The SE wind blowing strongly off land.
1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 80/2 Those plants which are pushing strongly will do all the better if the ground is forked between them.
1889 Longman's Mag. Feb. 425 He laid his thumb upon the table, and held it strongly down.
1928 Daily Tel. 16 Oct. 19/1 He was going so strongly and ‘on the bit’ that it took Dines nearly two furlongs to pull him up in his own time.
1956 Jrnl. Paleontol. 30 1258/2 If sample effervesces strongly, add HCI [= hydrochloride] very slowly until sample is covered.
2001 P. Gregory Other Boleyn Girl (2003) 90 The stag plunged into the river and started to swim strongly for the other side.
b. By military force; with a strong military force.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military power > [adverb]
with force1303
in forcec1315
stronglyc1400
in great force1793
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 112 Athelston..restede by Scotland, & nomen strongliche þe contrey al a ȝere.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxviii. f. cclvi/1 There departed out of Gaunt mo than fyftene. M. and so came strongly before Courtray, and layd siege to the towne.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxxiiii After the gettyng of the toune, the castle..denied to rendre, and so it was strongly besieged.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxxi. 578 The stronglyer he had come, the lesse had bin his victorie.
1615 W. Martyn Hist. Twentie Kings Eng. 129 From thence hee marched strongly vnto Rhemes, where he besieged the Castle seuen weekes.
1686 F. Philipps Investigatio Jurium Antiquorum v. 55 The Lords..sent to guard the Ports, came strongly to the Coast, prepared to encounter him.
1760 Hist. Present War viii. in Ann. Reg. 1759 47/1 The passes into Bohemia were so difficult, that by some posts properly chosen and strongly guarded, the subsistence of the Austrians might be made impracticable.
1793 Polit. State Europe IV. 329 The enemy advanced strongly towards Jodrim, but much stronger towards Landau.
1863 J. Sedgwick Let. 4 May in Rep. Joint Comm. Conduct War (1865) 132 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (38th Congr., 2nd Sess.: Senate Rep. 142, Pt. 1) II Can you help me strongly if I am attacked?
1896 G. A. Henty At Agincourt (U.S. ed.) xvii. 297 Should you be besieged strongly, hold out as long as you can.
1960 D. Flower & J. Reeves War, 1939–1945 xxix. 831 While the fateful battle of Kursk was still in progress the Russians attacked strongly near Orel.
1995 J. P. Harris Men, Ideas, & Tanks vii. 251 The Mobile Force found its advance strongly opposed.
2. gen. With great force or effect.
a. In various uses not referring to sense impressions (sense 2b) or to physical or military strength (sense 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [adverb] > with vigour or intensity of operation or effect
swithlyc888
mightilyeOE
strongeOE
fastlyOE
stronglyOE
smartlyc1225
smartc1300
mightlya1393
freshlyc1425
almightily1609
feckfullya1614
shrewly1707
vivaciouslya1711
keenly1837
drivingly1842
drastically1850
incisively1871
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) cxxxv. 176 Eac þæt sæd þysse wyrte stranglice afligeþ gindstred oððe onæled.
OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 35 David..stranglice rixode, & bewerode þæt folc wið þa hæðenan leoda.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 161 Sum weneð þet ha schule stronglukest beon ifonded iþeforme tweolf moneð þet ha bigon ancre lif & inþe oðer þer efter.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 336 (MED) Diaculon Iohannis Mesue is better..& worchiþ more strongli.
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxi. sig. K.iv Chesteynes doth nowrysshe the body strongly.
1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. ii. 85 Our natures are very prone to the breache hereof, which by a negatiue is stronglier beat downe than by an affirmatiue.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 17 His teares runs downe his beard..: your charm so strongly works 'em That if you now beheld them, your affections Would become tender. View more context for this quotation
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 408 Whether thy lusts can draw thee stronglier then he.
1663 J. Beale Let. 2 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 166 I have often debated Why some Medicines might not operate as strongly & speedily for Health, as some poysins doe for death & destruction.
1704 N. N. tr. T. Boccalini Advts. from Parnassus III. 146 Which Mahomet so strongly infused into his Sectaries.
a1727 I. Newton Observ. Prophecies (1733) i. xiii. 201 The mystery of iniquity..continued to work very strongly in..the Tatianists.
1770 G. von Engeström & E. M. da Costa tr. A. F. Cronstedt Ess. Syst. Mineral. 147 It has a reaction in regard to the acids, though not so strongly as other alcalies.
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. ii. 33 He had vanity, which strongly inclined him..to think she did love him.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 161 Bear~baiting..was the abomination which most strongly stirred the wrath of the austere sectaries.
1857 C. Heavysege Saul iv. vii. 262 She tempts me strongly now, but I'll resist her.
1890 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 23 Jan. 43 The favourite morsel of the unhappy mutton which attracts the kea most strongly is the fat on the kidneys.
1940 Pacific Affairs 13 420 They..respond strongly to every government mobilization effort, voluntarily gathering people and sending them to the various corps doing each kind of resistance work.
1983 Times 9 Feb. Stock prices began the week strongly with the Dow Jones industrials gaining 10.60 points.
2000 I. Grattan-Guinness Search for Math. Roots, 1870–1940 viii. 463 Kantian and/or Hegelian traditions still reigned strongly.
b. So as to have a strong effect on the senses; (with reference to hearing) loudly, audibly, distinctly; (with reference to smell or taste) distinctively, sometimes unpleasantly so, pungently; (with reference to sight) brightly, clearly.Early uses with reference to speech or utterance are not always clearly distinguishable from sense 5b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adverb]
outc1230
strongly1340
aloudc1390
in one's hearinga1425
audiently1480
audibly1564
upa1723
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [adverb]
loud971
bremeOE
strongly1340
sternly?a1400
lustilyc1400
great1534
vociferously1637
stentorophonically1693
thunderously1842
full blast1936
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 212 (MED) Alsuo ssolle we strangliche grede to god þet he ous loki uram þo þyeues.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. xi. 909 Garleek hatte alleum and haþ þat name of olendo ‘smellynge’, for it smelleþ strongliche.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cclxxiii/2 He assailled his felawe Alippe as wel with chere, as mynde, and cryed strongly, what suffre we [etc.].
?1575 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. (new ed.) 383 He was not esteemed wise, that cried strongly, but could performe and speake very well.
1588 W. Bayley Short Disc. Peppers sig. B5 Long pepper tasted doth not by and by bite strongly, but after it is a little chewed.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. lxv. 409 By howe much you sound the stronglier, by so much they [sc. bees] mount the higher into the aire.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 67 Bannyans and women from the Citie..cried welcome and shouted strongly.
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 106 The linen do so strongly taste and smell of lant and other noisome savours, as that [etc.].
1738 D. Malcolm To H.S.A.M. of —— 6 in Ess. Antiq. Great Brit. & Irel. For gh, Times without Number, is not sounded strongly, either in the English or Antient Scottish.
1772 Med. Observ. & Inq. (ed. 2) IV. 275 Dr. Ford took upon himself the management of the child and separation of the umbilical chord, and in a few minutes the child cried strongly.
1834 W. Hayley Douglas D'Arcy ii. 29 A strong desire to renew his acquaintance with beer and onions, of which..he stank strongly enough to annoy even a person so little fastidious as myself.
1889 H. H. Romilly Verandah in New Guinea 69 The opossums and cuscus tribe taste strongly of gum leaves on which they feed.
1957 J. M. Arguedas Singing Mountaineers i. 25 At night the river sounds strongly.
2012 New Yorker 16 Apr. 60/3 Vodka..tasted and smelled strongly of the grains used to make it.
3. So as to resist displacement or removal; in order to avoid capture, invasion, or assault; so as to prevent access or escape; firmly, solidly, securely. Also in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [adverb] > in a stable manner > firmly (fixed)
stronglyeOE
fasteOE
stitha1000
hardOE
fastlyOE
steadfasta1300
stithlya1300
steevec1330
a-rootc1374
firmlyc1374
hard and fastc1380
sadc1380
sadlya1398
steadfastlya1400
stronga1400
stalworthlyc1440
solidatively?1541
hardfast1548
secure1578
sickera1586
solidly?1611
tighta1625
securely1642
steevely1790
inexcussably1816
tightly1866
the world > action or operation > safety > [adverb] > safely or securely > so as to make secure
stronglyeOE
fasteOE
substantiallya1450
strengthlyc1600
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lviii. 443 To ðon ðæt he swa micle stranglicor [L. solidius] arise swa he hefiglicor afeoll.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xviii. 219 He hine sylfne geteah & geheold stranglice & fæstlice in ðam regole þæs halgan weres [OE Otho lifes].
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 9 Heo weren strongliche ibunden.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. xxiii. 369 Þe vttir parties schal be bounde and strongliche constreyned.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 3739 (MED) Kyng Priamus Commaunded haþ..Þoruȝ Troye toun..To shette her gatis strongly.
1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 65b The law of friendship of lamie is so strongly graffed in my heart, that [etc.].
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 71 To the end that what I haue shewed you..may the more stronglie sticke to your memorie, here is [etc.].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. ii. 12 Great Dunsinane he strongly Fortifies. View more context for this quotation
1663 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. iv. 93/1 It hath its..outer [surface] more rough that it might be stronglyer fastned.
1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum viii. 97 Those whose smallest parts..without the force of Fire do strongliest cohere, are generally the heaviest.
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 21 Morter doth not Cement so strongly to the Bricks when it dries hastily.
1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) ii. §5. 117 So strongly does it inhere in our constitution, that very few are able to conquer it.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xi. 324 He was strongly attached by sympathy of manners to the princes.
1820 H. Douglas Treat. Naval Gunnery iii. 185 The muzzle of the gun is strongly secured to the housing-ring by the chace-rope-band.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. iii. 104 By this triumph over her enemies, Mary was seated more strongly than ever on the throne.
1901 Clay Worker Oct. 415/1 The money is gone, but the recollection strongly remains.
1939 J. B. Morton Bonfire of Weeds viii. 184 So strongly is this antiquated habit rooted in me [etc.].
2013 Advertiser (Austral.) (Nexis) 18 June 6 Penny Wong has joined a chorus of Labor MPs standing strongly with the Prime Minister as leadership rumours continue to rumble around the House.
4. Boldly, bravely, with fortitude. Now literary and somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > bravery or boldness > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
strongeOE
boldlyOE
wellOE
coflyc1000
keenlyc1000
moodilyOE
fastOE
derflyc1175
trustlya1200
hardilyc1225
trustilya1375
ketec1380
throa1400
strenglya1425
strongfullyc1425
roidlya1500
virtuouslya1500
hardyflyc1500
brave1590
bold1597
audaciously1598
bravely1600
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xviii. 240 Mercna heretogan & aldormen..awurpon þa ealdormen þæs fremdan cyninges, & heora land & heora gemæro stronglice [L. fortiter] geeodon & freodom onfengon.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxix. 522 Uton heononforð stranglice wiðstandan deofles tihtincgum.
a1250 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Titus) (1940) 201 And eauer se þu strongluker [c1225 Bodl. strengeluker] stondest aȝain him, se he [sc. the devil] o tene & o grome wodeluker weorreð.
a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Judges xx. 41 The whiche beforehond feyneden fliȝt, turnede the face strongly [a1382 Bodl. 959 strengerely] withstoden.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras x. 15 Loke what happeneth vnto ye, beare it strongly [L. fortiter fer].
1624 Bp. J. Hall Serm. Chappell Earle of Exceter 31 Necessitie hath taught him to beare it strongly.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 148 Strongly to suffer and support our pains, That we may so suffice his vengeful ire. View more context for this quotation
1749 T. Newton in Milton's Paradise Lost I. 20 If God has left us this our strength entire, to suffer pain strongly, or to do him mightier service as his thralls.
1867 ‘Ouida’ Under Two Flags III. x. 260 He had suffered silently; endured strongly; fought greatly.
1922 W. J. Lockington Soul of Ireland xii. 134 With magnificent trust in God, they patiently and strongly held their way along the path of His commands.
1968 P. H. Dunn Meaningful Living vi. 84 May I suggest that the way to deal with trouble is not just to bear it strongly, but to use it.
5.
a. With strength of reason; convincingly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > argument, source of conviction > [adverb] > with strong reasons
strongly1395
pregnantlya1438
solidly1625
cogently1646
Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 14 It sueth moche strongliere, that siche dymis and offringis shulen be withdrawe for these greuousere synnis.
1548 N. Lesse tr. F. Lambert Minde & Iudgem. xii. f. xlvv They shall fynd that it is cleane contrarie, and that these wordes do proue strongely the miserable captiuitie and bondage of mannes wyll.
1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. St. Paule to Galathians vi. f. 324 Therby he intended to shew yet more strongly, how we may renounce the world.
a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 2 The cause of deprivation, and more strongly of a resignation, moved from the partie himselfe.
1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. iii. iii. 51 Doth not Aristotle..strongly demonstrate, That al our natural motions must arise from one first immobile Motor?
1720 J. Quincy tr. N. Hodges Loimologia ii. 55 Hence it comes strongly to be conjectured, how [etc.].
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. xvii. 152 Proving it as strongly, as an argument a priori, could prove such a thing to a philosophic mind, That it was Yorick's and no one's else.
1853 J. G. Baldwin Flush Times Alabama & Mississippi 242 To give out and prove the law, and to reason strongly on the facts.
1903 C. E. Merriam Hist. Amer. Polit. Theories ii. 90 No one stated more strongly than did he [sc. Locke] the basis for the doctrine that ‘taxation without representation is tyranny’.
1961 Gunma Jrnl. Med. Sci. 10 59 It is strongly suggested that there is a transmissible drug-resistance factor.
2012 Classical Antiq. 31 278 Wilkie..argues strongly for considering children as historical actors.
b. In strong words; emphatically, urgently, vehemently.Earlier uses of sense 2b may represent this sense. Sometimes also passing into sense 11a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > outstandingly
strongly1591
redoubtably1593
protuberantly1668
prominently1704
forward1796
outstandingly1851
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adverb]
strongeOE
fastOE
stably1297
strengthlya1400
unabasedlyc1425
unfaintlyc1425
four-squarec1430
strengthilyc1485
determinedlyc1540
resolutely1549
determinately1556
martyr-like1579
resolvedly1587
strongly1591
undauntedly1598
heart and soul1620
fairly and squarely1628
bently1645
decisively1653
supportinglya1664
setly1673
decidedly1770
martyrly1819
immitigably1824
staunchly1825
unshrinkingly1826
unflinchingly1833
hell-bent1863
square1867
fair and square1870
full-bloodedly1898
1591 G. Gifford Short Reply Bks. H. Barrow & I. Greenwood 72 Master Caluine hath written strongly and plentifully in these matters against the Annabaptists.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 295 Goe we Lordes to put in practise that, Which each to other hath so strongly sworne. View more context for this quotation
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xv. 87 Whoever is accused strongly is never thought intirely innocent.
1684 R. Baxter Catholick Communion 35 And what man living hath written stronglier against it, than Dr. Isaac Barrow.
1711 J. Gale Refl. Wall's Hist. Infant-baptism 8 And urg'd the words of the Parable ‘Compel 'em to come in’, as strongly as the hottest convertist in France.
1786 T. Jefferson Let. 19 Nov. in Papers (1954) X. 543 I am strongly advised to go to the waters of Aix.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 157 His father had given a reluctant assent to a bill, strongly supported by Falkland.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. xvii. 357 Most of whom would not scruple—as Mr. Brown strongly put it—to steal a copper out of a blind beggar's hat.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) I. 183/2 We therefore strongly urge the student to work from the examples.
1912 Long Island Med. Jrnl. 6 349 We strongly suggest the use of an anæsthetic.
1963 N. Rich & M. H. Fisher Holstein Papers IV. 2 The Count strongly denied any such intention.
2013 Irish News (Nexis) 20 July 6 Many people strongly disagree with recent Parades Commission determinations.
6. With a good appetite, heartily. Somewhat rare.In quot. 2013, in a figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > [adverb] > eating heartily
stronglya1470
heartily1567
heartly1579
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 274 Whan sir Kay was unarmed he asked aftir mete. Anone there was mete fette for hym and he ete strongly.
1664 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Wks. 183 If we do eat more strongly, and do cast forth less excrements, it necessarily follows, that [etc.].
1872 L. Lloyd tr. in J. D. Lewis-Williams Stories that float from Afar (2000) ii. 67 You know that my children eat, that they eat strongly.
1906 H. Belloc Hills & Sea 287 In such a place he will eat strongly and drink largely, and sleep well and deeply.
2013 J. S. Turner in B. G. Henning & A. C. Scarfe Beyond Mechanism viii. 187 Both Darwin and Bernard drank strongly from this vitalist spring.
7. With great attention; intently.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [adverb] > staring or gazing > piercingly or intently
inwardly?c1225
stikelungec1230
stikellichea1400
strongly?1473
close1642
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 265 He was gretly esprised with her loue And began strongly to beholde her.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 74 Vyenne byhelde the rynge so strongely.
?a1518 H. Watson Ualentyne & Orson (1555) xlv. sig. Ii.ii The Emperoure and the kinge pepin were at the windowes that beheld him strongly.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §872 The Eyes, in Shame doe put backe the Spirits, that ascend to them, as vnwilling to looke abroad: For no Men, in that Passion, doth looke strongly, but Deiectedly.
a1683 P. Warwick Mem. Reign Charles I (1701) 98 The eyes of the Nobility and Gentry being stronglyer fixt upon the Church-lands.
1767 D. Garrick Cymon ii. 23 Sylvia wakes by degrees,..while he gazes strongly on her.
1828 London Mag. Nov. 466 Looking strongly, as he thought thus, upon Lucy's brilliant face.
1872 W. C. Russell Perplexity II. v. 96 The glass was in his eye, and he stared strongly down into my face.
1904 G. M. Cooke & A. MacGowan Aunt Huldah xviii. 225 She paused, and with her eyes fixed strongly upon the other's, added impressively: [etc.].
1968 E. L. Corfman Roaring Shock Test 130 I have to listen strongly.
2010 Canning Times (Perth, Austral.) (Nexis) 16 Mar. 6 He gazes strongly into the camera.
8. So as to be difficult to wake; deeply, soundly. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [adverb] > deeply or soundly
fastOE
sadlya1375
to sleep sounda1400
soundlyc1400
stronglya1500
deeply1632
tight1898
out to it1941
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xx. 323 And thei slepte strongeliche in the hoste ffor the tyme that relented.
?a1518 H. Watson Ualentyne & Orson (1555) xxxv. sig. Cc.iiiv Pacolet threwe so his charme that he made al them of the place to slepe so strongly that they knewe nothing of their comyng.
1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana v. 124 They shall sleepe so strongly, that none may be able to awake them.
1853 F. Baraga Dict. Otchipwe Lang. 371/2 Sungingwam,..I sleep strongly, I am not easy to awaken.
1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxix. 463 Gudrun slept strongly, a victorious sleep.
2012 N. A. Prieston I'll never leave You xxiv. 303 There was no change and she was still sleeping strongly in her coma.
9. With thick, dark, or deep lines or marks; so as to have great visual impact; boldly; strikingly. Frequently in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adverb] > qualities generally
strongly1642
artistly1664
correctlya1704
meretriciously1755
boldly1765
chastely1815
literally1816
airily1823
stylistically1889
decadently1892
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. G8 The drooping soul so strongly's coloured With the long commerce of corporealls, That she from her own self awide is led.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Morbid, in Painting, is particularly apply'd to fat Flesh very strongly expressed.
1776 T. Stone Let. 20 May in B. A. Shain Declar. Independence in Hist. Context (2014) iv. 455 A Time when the Distresses of war are painted strongly upon the minds of those who have not been irritated & enraged by feeling them in reality.
1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond in Harrington & Ormond III. 187 The disorder of Ormond's mind appeared strongly in his face and gestures.
1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xii. 239 The districts most strongly marked with Breton characteristics.
1902 J. M. Forman Garden of Lies i. 8 His face was lined strongly, but with vicissitude..not years.
1946 M. Beerbohm Mainly on Air 27 I made many feeble little drawings of them, which I coloured strongly.
2006 T. White Animation from Pencils to Pixels ix. 284 If these drawings are drawn strongly enough, they can be scanned in grayscale and then imported into Photoshop.
10. Particle Physics. By means of the strong interaction (cf. strong adj. 7g).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > weak or strong force > [adverb]
strongly1949
1949 E. Fermi Nucl. Physics vii. 133 If the μ interacted strongly with the nucleons (as a π does) it would be immediately captured by the nucleus.
1960 P. Roman Theory Elem. Particles v. 460 The K−, but not the K+, can react strongly with nuclear matter.
1977 Sci. Amer. Oct. 58/2 A strongly decaying hadron exists for only 10−23 second before it breaks up into less massive hadrons.
2011 L. Randall Knocking Heaven's Door xiii. 231 Energy measurements are simply harder for strongly interacting particles.
II. Of degree.
11. To a high degree; with strength or intensity of the experience or quality predicated; greatly, exceedingly.
a. Modifying a verb expressing a state or condition, emotion, belief, resemblance, or difference.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
felec950
strongeOE
highlyOE
highOE
greatlya1200
stourlya1225
greata1325
dreec1330
deeplya1400
mightya1400
dreichlyc1400
mighty?a1425
sorec1440
mainlyc1450
greatumly1456
madc1487
profoundly1489
stronglya1492
muchwhata1513
shrewlya1529
heapa1547
vengeance?1548
sorely1562
smartlyc1580
mightly1582
mightily1587
violently1601
intensively1604
almightily1612
violent1629
seriously1643
intensely1646
importunately1660
shrewdly1664
gey1686
sadly1738
plenty1775
vitally1787
substantively1795
badly1813
far1814
heavily1819
serious1825
measurably1834
dearly1843
bally1939
majorly1955
sizzlingly1956
majorly1978
fecking1983
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) iv. 85 Ðæt mod ðinra haligra bið aðened suiðe healice & suiðe stranglice [L. principaliter] to ðe, ðonne ðonne oðrum monnum ðyncð ðæt hie mæstne demm..ðrowigen.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 14365 Astured wes al þas þeode strong-liche swiðe.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 164 (MED) Al þai wonderd strongliche, For his feirhed was so miche.
c1390 (?a1325) Adam & Eve (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 224 (MED) Adam was strongliche aferd and gretliche abascht.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 13 When the gode man herde this he merveyled strongeleche.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. ii. f. 42 The more that thei holde backe themselues, so much the stronglier within thei are kindeled.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. iii. 14 The theeues are all scattered, and possest with feare so strongly, that they dare not meete each other. View more context for this quotation
1650 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (1653) ii. iii. §1 207 The stronger any mans Reason is, the stronglier is he perswaded that God is true.
1733 J. Lockman tr. Voltaire Lett. conc. Eng. Nation iv. 31 This calumny affected him very strongly.
1797 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor VI. x. 122 The perverted and the vicious..can excite emotion, and excite it strongly.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 116 He was..strongly charmed by the sight of a watch-chain and seals.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 659 It was strongly suspected that he had been in constant communication with the government.
1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. i. iii. 39 In his Portraits as Prince-Royal, he strongly resembles her.
1918 Amer. Mag. May 129 Oh, women of America! how strongly I feel that we..will win this war just by being glad of our jobs, and being glad we live where we do.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 630 Persona,..contrasts strongly with the anima or animus.
1978 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 65 544 The genus Haematodendron is..strongly differentiated with some very primitive characters.
2001 C. Fiell & P. Fiell Design of 20th Cent. 10 Aalto strongly believed that design should be humanizing.
b. Modifying a non-participial adjective.For participial adjectives see Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb]
stronglyeOE
felec950
strongeOE
highlyOE
highOE
greatlya1200
stourlya1225
greata1325
dreec1330
deeplya1400
mightya1400
dreichlyc1400
mighty?a1425
sorec1440
mainlyc1450
greatumly1456
madc1487
profoundly1489
stronglya1492
muchwhata1513
shrewlya1529
heapa1547
vengeance?1548
sorely1562
smartlyc1580
mightly1582
mightily1587
violently1601
intensively1604
almightily1612
violent1629
seriously1643
intensely1646
importunately1660
shrewdly1664
gey1686
sadly1738
plenty1775
vitally1787
substantively1795
badly1813
far1814
heavily1819
serious1825
measurably1834
dearly1843
bally1939
majorly1955
sizzlingly1956
majorly1978
fecking1983
a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. cclxxviiiv/2 A broder febled by sekenes sayd..that he was strongly seke [Fr. q'il estoit fort malade].
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 234 (MED) Who-so hath the noose-thurlis moche opyn, he is strongly angry.
1518 H. Watson in tr. Hystorye Olyuer of Castylle Prol. sig. Aa.ii The memorye is the reteynynge & nature humayne for his fragylyte is strongely mouable.
1598 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Colonies 48 At the springs of Chinck, whose water strongly good Makes pebble stones of chalk.
1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Unbeliefe ii. xix. 182 What I conceived of some Paracelsian writings, when I read them, makes me yet strongly jealous.
1677 R. Boyle in Philos. Trans. 1676 (Royal Soc.) 11 787 I found the Confining surface very strongly reflexive.
1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 305 No storm was in sight,..yet the air was strongly electric.
1828 S. T. Bloomfield Recensio Synoptica VII. 87 Which passage is so strongly similar, that I suspect the philosopher derived it from the Apostle.
1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism ii. 288 As we read it,..the ardour of local Puritanism becomes strongly intelligible.
1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) iii. 116 Sea~water is always strongly salt to the taste.
1929 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 146 255/1 Such, together with other and strongly supportive facts, ordinarily leave no room for doubt.
1977 J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants xxiii. 738 Many of the characteristics of the predator–prey oscillations..are very strongly dependent on the length of time involved in the feedback between predators and prey.
2012 R. Leviton My Pal, Blaise 166/1 The domes were so bright and strongly bright they left a terrific residual imprint after they departed.
12. Chiefly Mathematics. To the greatest possible degree; to a very great degree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adverb] > in specific way
reciprocally1570
comprehensively1816
trivially1941
strongly1955
weakly1955
1955 M. Loève Probability Theory ix. 442 Since..T is bounded and linear, every Bλ is..a strongly closed linear subspace of B.
1966 E. H. Spanier Algebraic Topol. ix. 510 Let X be a strongly simple space.
2000 N. Maϊetti in M. Boulagouaz & J.-P. Tignol Algebra & Number Theory 173 We give a sense to the derivative of an abstract analytic element by introducing the notion of strongly derivable element.
2009 F. S. Roberts & B. Tesman Appl. Combinatorics (ed. 2) iii. 136 If a communication network is strongly connected, every person can initiate a communication to every other person.
Compounds
C1.
a. Modifying a past participial adjective (sometimes hyphenated), as strongly coloured, strongly developed, strongly pronounced, strongly rooted, etc.
ΚΠ
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxxiv. 235 Hwæt getacnað ðonne ðæt flæsc buton unfæsð weorc & hnesce, & hwæt ða ban buton stronglice geworht weorc [L. fortia acta]?
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 307v Achilles is strongly hurte and may not goo to batayll.
?c1500 J. Blount tr. N. Upton Essent. Portions De Studio Militari (1931) 12 They bothe..came strongly armyd wythowte the cyte off paris to a certen grownde apoyntyd for them to ffyght.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Siii The well fortefied and strongly defenced wealth..of many cities.
1641 True Rel. Famous & Renowned Victorie Philip 10 The troubled and raging waves of the shipwrack threatning sea, we see doe run with conjoyned and strongly knitted force, intending to carrie all before them.
1646 Mercurius Civicus No. 160 2290 The grasses were wide and very deep, the Ramparts high and pallisadoed, and the Counterscarfes strongly stoccadoed.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Hen-House The Windows should be on the Sun-Rising side, strongly lathed.
1780 E. B. Greene in tr. Apollonius Rhodius Argonautic Exped. I. ii. 228 The episode of Sthenelus in his character of ghost primarily occurs; a strongly-colored picture of poetical romance!
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 319 A strongly impregnated selenitous water.
1799 R. Heron New Gen. Hist. Scotl. V. vi. i. iii. 542 They sat down in a strongly entrenched camp at Torwood, near Stirling.
1821 tr. L. A. Necker de Saussure Trav. Scotl. ix. 92 Slow, monotonous airs,..rendered expressive, by a strongly pronounced rythm.
1828 Christian Rev. & Clerical Mag. Oct. 453 A character marked..by the strongly developed features of greater virtues or more conspicuous crimes.
1831 W. Scott Count Robert ii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 22 A..strongly-shod arrow.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 954 Common rafters.., which bridge over the purlins in a strongly framed roof.
1849 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 330 The strongly rooted prejudices of ignorance.
1884 O. P. Behm Lang. Later Part Peterborough Chron. i. iv. 24 This alternation of a, e, o is evidently of the same nature as that already noticed in the strongly stressed syllables.
1900 J. Jastrow Fact & Fable in Psychol. 167 The strongly rooted, anti-logical tendencies of our nature.
1903 Proc. Musical Assoc. 29th Sess. 7 The strongly pronounced anapæstical rhythm of the language.
1936 Amer. Home Feb. 10/2 (caption) The strongly patterned black floral chintz on the barrel chair.
1944 N. Guterman tr. J. Stern French Colonies xiv. 199 Against him were a large army and the strongly organized Black Flags.
1957 S. Potter Mod. Linguistics iii. 71 We detect two main end-of-sentence tunes in English which turn on the last strongly stressed syllable as on a hinge or pivot.
1968 Bull. Entomol. Res. 57 607 The strongly developed transtilla..is very diagnostic for this species.
1989 E. Hoagland That which I Say in Balancing Acts (1992) 167 Hemingway..stripped his style to minimalist marblings that..emphasized how strongly colored life is.
2006 K. D. Rose Beginning Age Mammals xiii. 268/2 A distinctive, dense skullcap composed of the strongly fused parietal and supraoccipital bones.
b.
strongly bound adj.
ΚΠ
1602 Will of Alexander Nowell (P.R.O.: PROB 11/99) f. 87 I doe gieve to the Librarie of Brasen nose Colledge..the great Greeke Lexicon of Henry Stephanus in three volumes, strongly bound, and armed.
1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xiv. 123 You shall take Barrels or dry Caske, wel and strongly bound, and pitch them within exceeding well.
1777 J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic & Eng. I. 1763/2 Muzebbez, firm, strongly bound.
1852 F. L. Olmsted Walks & Talks of Amer. Farmer in Eng. xiv. 122 On the table was a strongly-bound book.
1921 L. L. Tall et al. Course of Study Baltimore County, Maryland, Public Schools (rev. ed.) 564 Or, is it a strongly-bound national Union, ‘one and indivisible’?
2010 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 22427/2 Strongly bound citrate interferes with..thickening.
strongly built adj.
ΚΠ
1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon i. sig. B.ivv What castell stronglye buylt, what Bulwark, tower, or towne, Is not by mischyfes meanes, brought topsye turvey downe?
a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. iii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Eee3/2 This [lass] is not so strongly built: but she is good mettle.
1646 Bp. J. Hall Balme of Gilead 30 Couldst thou think that a cottage, not too strongly built, and standing so bleak in the very mouth of the windes, could..hold tight, and unreaved?
1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) I. i. 75 The Milgi or gre-hound fox, is the largest...: the mastiff fox is less, but more strongly built.
1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 37 Squat, robust, strongly-built fishes.
1963 Field Archaeol. (Ordnance Surv.) (ed. 4) 63 The dwelling part is represented by a strongly-built hut circle of ordinary plan.
2006 C. Stringer Homo Britannicus p. ix These strongly built people belonged to the species Homo heidelbergensis.
strongly fortified adj.
ΚΠ
c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iii. 141 Darreyne..is..hard to com vnto, and a strongly fortified contree.
1581 W. Blandy Castle of Pollicy f. 22 Ye towne of Colleine: wherein were three Ensignes of Malecontentes, for the defence of that place, well and strongly fortified.
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel 183 He..will set his mind to the taking of the more strongly fortified places.
1782 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XXVII. 450 He invested Corvoerden, a strongly fortified town in the district of Drante.
1895 N. Amer. Rev. Mar. 375 England has strongly fortified and completely munitioned stations at Halifax and St. John's.
1966 D. Sutherland Against Wind ii. vi. 96 The brochs..were strongly fortified houses.
2011 A. Emery Death at Christy Burke's x. 186 The Apprentice Boys Memorial Hall, a strongly fortified stone building in the Scottish baronial style.
strongly made adj.
ΚΠ
a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 85 (MED) 4 þyngus þou schalt loke in an hors..ffurste..þat he be þicke..& strongliche I-made.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 600/2 Of fauour was she counted likesome, of person stronglie made and manlie.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 60 He was..leane of body, and his bones small but strongly made.
1738 F. Moore Trav. Inland Parts Afr. 214 Boomey Haman Seaca is..of a middle Stature, genteel and strongly made, active, and of a good Countenance.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xliv. 173 He is tall,..and a strongly made man.
1942 Times 8 Dec. 6/1 A strongly made pole cart, with lath sides.
2013 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 18 July a1 In conversation, Colville was a marvel, his words arranged in neat, strongly made sentences that expressed his thoughts without hesitation.
strongly marked adj.
ΚΠ
1753 tr. F. I. Espiard de la Borde Spirit of Nations ii. iv. 217 A strongly marked Spleen runs through all the Greek Authors against the Phenicians and Egyptians.
1820 W. Scott Monastery II. v. 165 Traits which were rather strongly marked than beautiful.
1921 E. Ferber Girls vii. 132 Her eyes brightly interested beneath the strongly marked black brows.
2011 Orange County (Calif.) Reg. (Nexis) 5 Mar. k What he wanted was strongly marked rhythms, sharp accents and incisively outlined phrases.
strongly opinionated adj.
ΚΠ
1643 R. le Wright in W. Burton tr. J. H. Alsted Beloved City p. xix Not a few..ancient Fathers were strongly opinionated that Christ himselfe should then descend from Heaven.
1735 Sportsman's Dict. I. at Curtail The English being strongly opinionated, that the taking off these joints, makes the horse's chine or back much stronger.
1834 Age 23 Nov. 375/1 Here she [sc. the ship] was overhauled..under the direction of a strongly-opinionated surveyor.
1964 Billboard 24 Oct. 55/2 A strongly opinionated assembly of operators and other industry figures enlivened the kick-off forum.
2013 M. Linton Choosing Terror iii. 81 He was strongly opinionated, but..some of his assessments..were astute.
strongly worded adj.
ΚΠ
1795 Scots Mag. Nov. 746/2 Several strongly worded resolutions were passed.
1883 Manch. Examiner 30 Nov. 5/1 A strongly-worded letter on the subject was read.
1949 Flying Mag. Feb. 66/1 Strongly-worded exceptions to this report were immediately filed by the certificated airlines.
2001 J. Franzen Corrections 334 Nothing prevented him from ignoring the strongly worded warning.
C2. Modifying a present participial adjective (sometimes hyphenated), as strongly drawing, strongly interacting, strongly smelling, etc.
ΚΠ
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 358 The first because of the Scorpions is coulde, the latter bycause of the spices is hoat & more strongly wurking.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rubrificatif,..a plaister of..strongly-drawing simples.
1647 H. More Philos. Poems 38 Blown away with strongly brushing winds.
1677 I. Newton Let. 19 Feb. in Corr. (1960) II. 193 Spirit of wine, though lighter yn water, is yet a more strongly refracting liquor.
1709 D. Turner Remarkable Case in Surg. 22 Pressing hard down upon one Side of the strongly resiliating Dura Mater.
1752 R. Porter in Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 4) III. xxvii. 333 Several Clysters of the softer and the strongly irritating kind.
1769 S. Hales Statical Ess. (ed. 4) I. vi. 275 The strongly absorbing power of salts.
1811 F. Asbury Jrnl. 16 Nov. (1821) III. 319 My knee was stricken with acute rheumatic pain; I applied a strongly drawing blister.
1820 Q. Musical Mag. & Rev. 2 83 More strongly alluring future composers.
1856 R. E. E. Wilmot Diary (1984) 131 The wary pouw shows afar off in his strongly contrasting whites and browns.
1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. (1875) lxxvii. 615 A sebaceous gland..which..secretes a strongly-smelling waxy substance.
1878 Manufacturer & Builder June 144/3 The oxid forms a strongly adhering coat.
1902 Perry (Iowa) Daily Chief 13 July Unless the boat be so close as to give a strongly plunging shot.
1913 India-rubber Jrnl. 11 Jan. 5/2 Such cog-wheels are not equal to the strain imposed by the strongly interacting tension of the rolls.
1923 Discovery Nov. 291/1 The strongly fuming mass [of mundic] is mechanically raked.
1943 C. De Tolnay Michelangelo 95 The broad cheeks are energetically framed by the strongly projecting chin and above by the low forehead.
1950 H. L. Lorimer Homer & Monuments i. 38 The strongly Minoanizing régime of LH II [= Late Helladic II, c1500-1400 bc].
1962 L. B. Okun in Proc. Internat. Conf. High-Energy Physics 845/2 I shall call strongly interacting particles hadrons.
1977 Cell 12 697/2 These tests revealed a strongly reacting antigen.
1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics iii. 48 These aluminium and iron oxides only form in a strongly oxidizing environment.
2009 J. Frank Pleasure 88 The heaven of her strongly drawing mouth.
C3.
a. Parasynthetic, as strongly legged, strongly necked, etc.
ΚΠ
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. l. 652 Strongliche boned he was.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 36 A good Pike..strongly headed, with the cheekes three foote long.
1694 J. Dryden tr. Virgil 3rd Georgick in Ann. Misc. 8 The Mother Cow must wear a lowring look, Sour headed, strongly neck'd, to bear the yoke.
1835 Spectator 10 Oct. 958/2 On all estates not strongly handed,..the whole strength of the plantations had been employed..in taking off the canes upon the ground.
a1857 D. Thompson Narr. Explor. W. Amer. 1784–1812 (1916) ii. ii. 387 We..killed an Animal of the Tiger species... He was..very strongly legged with sharp claws.
1936 T. H. Shastid in V. Robinson Encycl. Sexualis 578/1 Strongly winged and strongly legged and possessing not one but two pairs of eyes, he flies about aggressively.
1985 J. Campbell Naval Weapons World War II 5/3 The short multi-tube grain was found to be convenient for filling strongly necked cases such as in 4.5in (113mm) fixed ammunition.
b.
strongly-limbed adj.
ΚΠ
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 367 Wise, actiue, valiant, strongly-limb'd, and healthy.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xi. 88 He was near six Feet, well-proportioned, and strongly limbed . View more context for this quotation
1817 W. Plees Acct. Island of Jersey 45 The oxen are sometimes very large and strongly limbed.
1902 M. Thomas Denmark, Past & Present ii. xxviii. 301 A flaxen-haired youth,..telling the healthy and strongly-limbed maiden of his choice his tale of love.
2010 N. Fields Julius Caesar 20 The Gauls, albeit red-blooded and strongly limbed, could not last long against the skilful and less fatiguing method of swordplay utilizing the thrust.
strongly opinioned adj.
ΚΠ
1615 T. Adams Blacke Devill 38 This is Satans first presumption; a strongly-opinion'd trust in his owne strength.
1699 Reply to Hertford Let. 25 If once such Persons happen to be strongly opinion'd that any thing may be so, they need but fall asleep for a Confirmation that it is so.
1880 National Literary Monthly July 293/1 Thomas Carlyle, the strongly-opinioned Scottish historian.
2011 E. W. Turner This Truth must be Told! viii. 49 He was very intelligent, a geek, strongly opinioned, and a kid at heart.
strongly scented adj.
ΚΠ
1661 R. Boyle Two Ess. Unsuccessfulness Exper. i, in Certain Physiol. Ess. 65 It yielded us pretty store of a nauseous and strongly-sented Liquor.
1731 S. Hales Statical Ess. (ed. 2) I. i. 44 Strongly-scented orange-flower-water.
1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. ii. 64 The larva..is..provided with strongly-scented tentacles.
1947 L. G. Green Tavern of Seas 199 The kukumakranka, a strongly scented seed-pod.
2005 Guardian (Nexis) 13 Apr. 11 Its strongly scented flowers attract moths in the evening.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adv.eOE