cellulosen.

Brit.

/ˈsɛljᵿləʊs/,

/ˈsɛljᵿləʊz/, U.S.

/ˈsɛljəˌloʊs/,

/ˈsɛljəˌloʊz/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French cellulose.

Etymology: < French cellulose (A. Brongniart et al. 1839, in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires de l'Académie des Sciences 8 52) < cellule cell (see cellule n.) + -ose -ose suffix², after glucose glucose n. There is no etymological connection with earlier cellulose adj. or its Latin etymon. Compare German Cellulose (1839 in a translation of the French paper by Brongniart et al.; now usually Zellulose; < French).Contrary to quot. 1839, the French term was not used by Payen, but by his colleagues A. B. Brongniart, A. Pelouze, and J. Dumas, who introduced it in a report upon a paper by Payen. Compare: 1839 Comptes Rendus 8 52 En effet, il y a dans les bois le tissu primitif, isomère avec l'amidon, que nous appellerons cellulose, et de plus une matière qui en remplit les cellules, et qui constitue la matière ligneuse véritable.

1. An insoluble carbohydrate which is the main structural constituent of the cell walls of plants, and one of the most abundant organic compounds on the earth; a molecule of this.Cellulose is a straight-chain polymer of glucose subunits joined by β(1,4) glycosidic linkages. It is also made by ascidians (cf. tunicin n.) and by certain bacteria. It is the main component of many materials made from plant fibres, such as cotton and paper, and a major constituent of dietary fibre.Formula: (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose

medulla1819

cellulose1839

cellulin1843

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose > specific that found in animal bodies

cellulose1839

cellulin1843

tunicin1862

1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) App. 559 M. Payen, in a second memoir upon this subject, names the unchanged primitive tissue of plants cellulose.

1840 Med. Times 28 Mar. 191/2 The essential network of this zone is the cellulose, impregnated with a considerable quantity of those particular substances which distinguish the ligneous tissue from the common cellulous membrane.

1854 Peninsular Jrnl. Med. & Collateral Sci. 2 36 It is well known that Charles Schmidt was the first who noticed in the Ascidians, as a constituent of animal tissue, the ‘cellulose’ which previously had only been observed in plants.

1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. ii. iv. 212 Nitric acid in its strongest state transfers cellulose into trinitro-cellulose, or the explosive substance known as gun-cotton.

1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. iii. viii. 81 An enzyme called cellulase has been discovered in many fungi, especially Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Actinomyces, which can effect this conversion of cellulose into cellobiose.

1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1971 111/1 The Golgi apparatus is involved whenever carbohydrate components such as cellulose, mannan, or xylan are incorporated into the cell wall.

2003 N.Y. Times 4 Mar. (Washington Final ed.) d7/2 Chitosan, the second-most-common substance in the planet's biomass, after cellulose, is also a polysaccharide, not a protein.

2. Any of various preparations or compounds of cellulose used in industrial processes and products; esp. cellulose nitrate and acetate. Usually attributive, in cellulose lacquer, cellulose paint, etc. Cf. methylcellulose n., nitrocellulose n. at nitro- comb. form 3b, oxycellulose n., etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > cellulose materials

cellulose1876

soda cellulose1890

cellulose acetate1895

acetate1911

Cellon1911

cellophane1912

cellulosic1946

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose > specifically in commercial products

cellulose1876

1876 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 30 231 (title) Cellulose manufacture.

1895 Wellsboro (Pa.) Agitator 22 May 1/8 A cellulose paint is recommended by a French writer for the protection of steel ships and all exposed metal surfaces. He would use a ten per cent solution of ordinary wood-pulp, colored as desired, with the addition, at the time of using, of some siccative.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 6 Jan. 2/1 The sulphite cellulose process is due to the labours in the laboratory of Al. Mitscherlich and Tilghmann.

1927 Observer 16 Oct. 27 Bodies finished in cellulose.

1935 Discovery Nov. 326/2 Cellulose lacquers, paints, distempers, etc.

1976 Times 3 May p. v/9 Private industry has generally not been forthcoming when projects in..cellulose manufacture have been available.

1988 C. Venolia Healing Environments x. 122 Some people have had adverse reactions to the newsprint, ink, chemical treatment, or dust particles of cellulose insulation [made from recycled newspapers].

2002 Woodworker Aug. 44/1 Suppliers of French polishes, shellac sealers, thinners, pullovers, cellulose basecoats, lacquers, precatalyst lacquers..and cellulose colours.

Compounds

C1. Instrumental and objective.

cellulose-coated adj.

ΚΠ

1921 Brit. Patent 164,126 2/2 Heating the cellulose coated mould to a suitable temperature.

1997 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 136 49/2 (caption) After desalting, the digestion products were resolved by thin layer chromatography on a cellulose-coated plate.

cellulose-digesting adj.

ΚΠ

1900 E. H. Starling Elem. Human Physiol. (ed. 3) ii. 55 In certain invertebrata it seems probable that a true cellulose-digesting ferment (cytase) is secreted by the walls of the alimentary canal.

2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 101 In addition to cellulose-digesting symbionts, all termites (except the fungus-growing Macrotermitinae) have nitrogen-fixing gut bacteria.

C2.

cellulose acetate n. an acetylated form of cellulose. Different forms of cellulose acetate differ in the length of the cellulose molecules and the proportion of hydroxyl groups replaced by acetate ester groups.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > industrial polymers (named) > [noun]

hexamethylenediamine1894

cellulose acetate1895

bakelite1909

phenol-formaldehyde1911

Paxolin1918

methylcellulose1921

Saran1940

polyester resin1946

polyester fibre1951

Mylar1952

polychlorinated biphenyl1959

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > cellulose materials

cellulose1876

soda cellulose1890

cellulose acetate1895

acetate1911

Cellon1911

cellophane1912

cellulosic1946

1895 C. F. Cross et al. Cellulose 35 The cellulose acetates about to be described are of undetermined molecular weight.

1927 T. Woodhouse Artificial Silk: Manuf. & Uses 27 Cellulose Acetate artificial silk, also known as ‘Celanese’ artificial silk.

2003 Handwoven Jan.–Feb. 32/3 There was an oversupply of cellulose acetate used for coating airplane wings in World War I.

cellulose gum n. any of various gums derived from cellulose, esp. carboxymethylcellulose.

ΚΠ

1904 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 26 1229 A hexane carbohydrate, (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n, formed by the action of the alkali upon the cane-cellulose (cellulose gum).

1983 M. G. Lindley in T. H. Grenby et al. Devel. Sweeteners—2 viii. 240 Stabilisers, such as gelatin, and guar, carrageenan and cellulose gums, bind water and prevent large crystal growth.

1999 C. B. Inlander et al. Over-the-counter Doctor (rev. ed.) 263/1 Denture adhesives help hold dentures in place, usually with a type of vegetable or cellulose gum.

cellulose nitrate n. a nitrated form of cellulose; = nitrocellulose n. at nitro- comb. form 3b.Different forms of cellulose nitrate differ in the length of the cellulose molecules and the proportion of hydroxyl groups replaced by nitrate ester groups.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose > derivatives of

nitrocellulose1868

cellulose nitrate1873

hydrocellulose1876

oxycellulose1882

adipocellulose1887

viscose1896

1873 I. Remsen tr. R. Fittig Wöhler's Outl. Org. Chem. i. 203 Cellulose-nitrate (Pyroxylin, gun-cotton) [Ger. Salpetersäure-Zellulose (Schiessbaumwolle, Pyroxylin)].

1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 372 The author describes the properties of five cellulose nitrates.

1909 C. A. Keane Mod. Org. Chem. 199 Conditions..favourable to explosibility are present in gun-cotton, a mixture of cellulose nitrates, and in blasting gelatine.

2003 Sight & Sound Dec. 33/2 Decasia is an artful collage of found archival footage, all of it shot pre-1950 on a cellulose nitrate base and most of it in advanced stages of decay.

cellulose triacetate n. a highly acetylated form of cellulose acetate, used in the manufacture of synthetic fibres and products made from these; cf. triacetate n. b.

ΚΠ

1906 U.S. Patent 838,350 2/1 The reaction which takes place..produces cellulose tetracetate, possibly cellulose triacetate in part.

1947 J. H. Collins in P. I. Smith Pract. Plastics vii. 91/1 If allowed to go to completion the acetyl content..of the product will be about 62.5 per cent, corresponding to cellulose triacetate, which is not soluble in acetone.

2002 J. Colls Air Pollution (ed. 2) iv. 193 Membrane filters made from cellulose nitrate or cellulose triacetate are suitable if the sample needs to be recovered for chemical analysis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	cellulose
释义	cellulosen. Brit. /ˈsɛljᵿləʊs/, /ˈsɛljᵿləʊz/, U.S. /ˈsɛljəˌloʊs/, /ˈsɛljəˌloʊz/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French cellulose. Etymology: < French cellulose (A. Brongniart et al. 1839, in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires de l'Académie des Sciences 8 52) < cellule cell (see cellule n.) + -ose -ose suffix², after glucose glucose n. There is no etymological connection with earlier cellulose adj. or its Latin etymon. Compare German Cellulose (1839 in a translation of the French paper by Brongniart et al.; now usually Zellulose; < French).Contrary to quot. 1839, the French term was not used by Payen, but by his colleagues A. B. Brongniart, A. Pelouze, and J. Dumas, who introduced it in a report upon a paper by Payen. Compare: 1839 Comptes Rendus 8 52 En effet, il y a dans les bois le tissu primitif, isomère avec l'amidon, que nous appellerons cellulose, et de plus une matière qui en remplit les cellules, et qui constitue la matière ligneuse véritable. 1. An insoluble carbohydrate which is the main structural constituent of the cell walls of plants, and one of the most abundant organic compounds on the earth; a molecule of this.Cellulose is a straight-chain polymer of glucose subunits joined by β(1,4) glycosidic linkages. It is also made by ascidians (cf. tunicin n.) and by certain bacteria. It is the main component of many materials made from plant fibres, such as cotton and paper, and a major constituent of dietary fibre.Formula: (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose medulla1819 cellulose1839 cellulin1843 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose > specific that found in animal bodies cellulose1839 cellulin1843 tunicin1862 1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) App. 559 M. Payen, in a second memoir upon this subject, names the unchanged primitive tissue of plants cellulose. 1840 Med. Times 28 Mar. 191/2 The essential network of this zone is the cellulose, impregnated with a considerable quantity of those particular substances which distinguish the ligneous tissue from the common cellulous membrane. 1854 Peninsular Jrnl. Med. & Collateral Sci. 2 36 It is well known that Charles Schmidt was the first who noticed in the Ascidians, as a constituent of animal tissue, the ‘cellulose’ which previously had only been observed in plants. 1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. ii. iv. 212 Nitric acid in its strongest state transfers cellulose into trinitro-cellulose, or the explosive substance known as gun-cotton. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. iii. viii. 81 An enzyme called cellulase has been discovered in many fungi, especially Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Actinomyces, which can effect this conversion of cellulose into cellobiose. 1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1971 111/1 The Golgi apparatus is involved whenever carbohydrate components such as cellulose, mannan, or xylan are incorporated into the cell wall. 2003 N.Y. Times 4 Mar. (Washington Final ed.) d7/2 Chitosan, the second-most-common substance in the planet's biomass, after cellulose, is also a polysaccharide, not a protein. 2. Any of various preparations or compounds of cellulose used in industrial processes and products; esp. cellulose nitrate and acetate. Usually attributive, in cellulose lacquer, cellulose paint, etc. Cf. methylcellulose n., nitrocellulose n. at nitro- comb. form 3b, oxycellulose n., etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > cellulose materials cellulose1876 soda cellulose1890 cellulose acetate1895 acetate1911 Cellon1911 cellophane1912 cellulosic1946 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose > specifically in commercial products cellulose1876 1876 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 30 231 (title) Cellulose manufacture. 1895 Wellsboro (Pa.) Agitator 22 May 1/8 A cellulose paint is recommended by a French writer for the protection of steel ships and all exposed metal surfaces. He would use a ten per cent solution of ordinary wood-pulp, colored as desired, with the addition, at the time of using, of some siccative. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 6 Jan. 2/1 The sulphite cellulose process is due to the labours in the laboratory of Al. Mitscherlich and Tilghmann. 1927 Observer 16 Oct. 27 Bodies finished in cellulose. 1935 Discovery Nov. 326/2 Cellulose lacquers, paints, distempers, etc. 1976 Times 3 May p. v/9 Private industry has generally not been forthcoming when projects in..cellulose manufacture have been available. 1988 C. Venolia Healing Environments x. 122 Some people have had adverse reactions to the newsprint, ink, chemical treatment, or dust particles of cellulose insulation [made from recycled newspapers]. 2002 Woodworker Aug. 44/1 Suppliers of French polishes, shellac sealers, thinners, pullovers, cellulose basecoats, lacquers, precatalyst lacquers..and cellulose colours. Compounds C1. Instrumental and objective. cellulose-coated adj. ΚΠ 1921 Brit. Patent 164,126 2/2 Heating the cellulose coated mould to a suitable temperature. 1997 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 136 49/2 (caption) After desalting, the digestion products were resolved by thin layer chromatography on a cellulose-coated plate. cellulose-digesting adj. ΚΠ 1900 E. H. Starling Elem. Human Physiol. (ed. 3) ii. 55 In certain invertebrata it seems probable that a true cellulose-digesting ferment (cytase) is secreted by the walls of the alimentary canal. 2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 101 In addition to cellulose-digesting symbionts, all termites (except the fungus-growing Macrotermitinae) have nitrogen-fixing gut bacteria. C2. cellulose acetate n. an acetylated form of cellulose. Different forms of cellulose acetate differ in the length of the cellulose molecules and the proportion of hydroxyl groups replaced by acetate ester groups. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > polymer chemistry > industrial polymers (named) > [noun] hexamethylenediamine1894 cellulose acetate1895 bakelite1909 phenol-formaldehyde1911 Paxolin1918 methylcellulose1921 Saran1940 polyester resin1946 polyester fibre1951 Mylar1952 polychlorinated biphenyl1959 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > cellulose materials cellulose1876 soda cellulose1890 cellulose acetate1895 acetate1911 Cellon1911 cellophane1912 cellulosic1946 1895 C. F. Cross et al. Cellulose 35 The cellulose acetates about to be described are of undetermined molecular weight. 1927 T. Woodhouse Artificial Silk: Manuf. & Uses 27 Cellulose Acetate artificial silk, also known as ‘Celanese’ artificial silk. 2003 Handwoven Jan.–Feb. 32/3 There was an oversupply of cellulose acetate used for coating airplane wings in World War I. cellulose gum n. any of various gums derived from cellulose, esp. carboxymethylcellulose. ΚΠ 1904 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 26 1229 A hexane carbohydrate, (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n, formed by the action of the alkali upon the cane-cellulose (cellulose gum). 1983 M. G. Lindley in T. H. Grenby et al. Devel. Sweeteners—2 viii. 240 Stabilisers, such as gelatin, and guar, carrageenan and cellulose gums, bind water and prevent large crystal growth. 1999 C. B. Inlander et al. Over-the-counter Doctor (rev. ed.) 263/1 Denture adhesives help hold dentures in place, usually with a type of vegetable or cellulose gum. cellulose nitrate n. a nitrated form of cellulose; = nitrocellulose n. at nitro- comb. form 3b.Different forms of cellulose nitrate differ in the length of the cellulose molecules and the proportion of hydroxyl groups replaced by nitrate ester groups. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > polysaccharides > [noun] > cellulose > derivatives of nitrocellulose1868 cellulose nitrate1873 hydrocellulose1876 oxycellulose1882 adipocellulose1887 viscose1896 1873 I. Remsen tr. R. Fittig Wöhler's Outl. Org. Chem. i. 203 Cellulose-nitrate (Pyroxylin, gun-cotton) [Ger. Salpetersäure-Zellulose (Schiessbaumwolle, Pyroxylin)]. 1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 372 The author describes the properties of five cellulose nitrates. 1909 C. A. Keane Mod. Org. Chem. 199 Conditions..favourable to explosibility are present in gun-cotton, a mixture of cellulose nitrates, and in blasting gelatine. 2003 Sight & Sound Dec. 33/2 Decasia is an artful collage of found archival footage, all of it shot pre-1950 on a cellulose nitrate base and most of it in advanced stages of decay. cellulose triacetate n. a highly acetylated form of cellulose acetate, used in the manufacture of synthetic fibres and products made from these; cf. triacetate n. b. ΚΠ 1906 U.S. Patent 838,350 2/1 The reaction which takes place..produces cellulose tetracetate, possibly cellulose triacetate in part. 1947 J. H. Collins in P. I. Smith Pract. Plastics vii. 91/1 If allowed to go to completion the acetyl content..of the product will be about 62.5 per cent, corresponding to cellulose triacetate, which is not soluble in acetone. 2002 J. Colls Air Pollution (ed. 2) iv. 193 Membrane filters made from cellulose nitrate or cellulose triacetate are suitable if the sample needs to be recovered for chemical analysis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † celluloseadj. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cellulosus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin cellulosus (1709 or earlier) < classical Latin cellula (see cellule n.) + -ōsus -ose suffix¹. Compare earlier cellulous adj. Obsolete. rare. = cellular adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > [adjective] > full of cavities > small cellulate?a1425 cavernous1597 alveated1623 honeycombed1633 favaginous1658 cellulated1693 vesiculated1703 cellulous1712 cellulara1728 cellulose1752 cavernulous1758 comby1773 alveolate1793 vesiculate1828 cavernulated1875 cellularized1942 1752 tr. L. Heister Compend. Anat. iii. ii. 114 The substance of the spleen has been said to be cellulose [1721 cellulous; L. cellulosa] and glandulose. 1756 Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 206 The base [of the wasps-nest] is of a stiffer and more cellulose texture. 1839 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 52 156 A pustule instead of a vesicle, not depressed in the centre, containing purulent matter from the beginning;..not cellulose, no areola. 1894 M. C. Cooke Handbk. Brit. Hepaticæ 27 Leaves [of Frullania germana] imbricate, rounded-ovate, conforming in their cellulose texture. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2021). cellulosev. Brit. /ˈsɛljᵿləʊs/, /ˈsɛljᵿləʊz/, U.S. /ˈsɛljəˌloʊs/, /ˈsɛljəˌloʊz/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: cellulose n. Etymology: < cellulose n. Now rare. transitive. To treat or coat with a cellulose lacquer or paint. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > work with coating or covering materials [verb (transitive)] > varnish varnish1398 revarnish1793 shellac1917 cellulose1928 polyurethane1977 1928 Times 18 Oct. 22/1 This car is cellulosed white with four black wheels and top. 1954 Archit. Rev. 115 189/3 Display shelves are of sapele wood supported by light steel rods, cellulosed black and orange. 1964 Invoice 7 Apr. in D. Friedman Shelby Cobra (1994) ii. 34 One A.C. Cobra car cellulosed in silver with Red trim, top and tonneau, rack and pinion steering. Derivatives ˈcellulosed adj. ΚΠ 1928 Times 31 Jan. 17/5 The all-metal cellulosed saloon body has four doors, which can be locked. 1958 W. Sansom Cautious Heart 6 Small refectory tables, carved and terribly cellulosed. 1996 Financial Times (Nexis) 28 June 28 MG used to run a demonstration car around the area with a cellulosed fabric passenger hood painted black with gold flecks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1839adj.1752v.1928
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cellulosen.

Compounds

† celluloseadj.

cellulosev.

Derivatives