cavaliern.adj.

/kavəˈlɪə/

Forms: 1500s cauallere, ( cabbaleer, caueelere), 1500s–1600s cavallier, 1600s cavaliere, cavaleer(e, cavaglier, (by perversion) caviler, Scottish cavaleire, cavelleir, 1500s– cavalier. Also (from Spanish) 1500s cavallero, caualero, 1500s–1700s cavaliero, 1600s cabilero, caualeiro, cauellira, cauilero, cavalero, 1700s cavalliero.

Etymology: Originally adopted in the form cavallero , cavaliero , etc. from Spanish, with occasional use of the Italian and Portuguese forms. The actual form cavalier is < French cavalier (16th cent. in Littré), < Italian cavaliere , < cavallo horse + -iere , a termination often occurring in Italian for Latin -ārius . The late Latin caballārius (-ˈerius ) ‘horseman’ gave Spanish caballero (Old Spanish cav- ), Portuguese cavalleiro , Provençal cavallier , Old Northern French cavailler , cavaler , Old French and French chevalier , whence also English chevalier n.

A. n.

1. A horseman, esp. a horse-soldier; a knight.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > rider > [noun]

styera1340

upstyerc1340

prickera1350

chevalier1377

sittera1382

ridera1400

horsemanc1400

horse-rider1580

cavalier1596

equestrian1791

bestrider1830

Macadamite1860

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > mounted soldier

horsemanc1275

chevalier1377

roiter1579

prancer1593

cavalier1596

trooper1640

cavalry soldier1852

plunger1854

cavalry man1860

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > mounted soldier > knight

riderlOE

Flower of Chivalry1297

Knight (formerly also fellow, etc.) of the Round Tablec1330

chevalier1377

knight voyagerc1500

ritter1577

cavalier1596

knight-

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres Gloss. 249 Cauaglere, an Italian word..signifieth a Gentleman seruing on horsebacke.

c1470 Hors, Shepe, & G. (1822) 3 In duche a rider is called a Knyght, Aragon tonge doth also specyfye Caualero, which in that partie Is named of worship & toke begynnyng Of spores of gold and chiefly of rydyng.]

1596 L. Keymis Relation 2nd Voy. Guiana sig. G4 That so many Caualeros should all faile in this one attempt.

1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 24 Sept. (1855) 51 That all brave cavaleires will tak the business to hart.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Cavalier, Cavalero, a knight or gentleman, serving on horseback, a man of arms.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 526 Of our cavaliers, or of our foot-soldiers.

1807 R. Wilson Jrnl. 2 July I returned..decked with mud; but as my horse was seen to fall I did not appear as a dishonoured cavalier.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. 97 A mute wonder held The Trojan cavaliers.

a. A gentleman trained to arms, ‘a gay sprightly military man’ (Johnson); gen. a courtly gentleman, a gallant. (Like gallant, also applied about 1600, to a roistering swaggering fellow.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > military man > [noun]

martialist1576

cavalier1589

martial?1611

militarista1616

swordmana1616

camper1631

swordsman1701

military1709

serviceman1832

militant1842

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > member of > male

gallant1388

wamfler15..

rutter1506

younkera1522

fine gentleman1575

cavalier1589

whisker1595

jinglespur1604

bravery1616

brisk1621

chevalier1630

man about town1647

man of mode1676

man of distinction1699

sprag1707

sparky1756

blood1763

swell1786

Corinthian1819

galliard1828

mondain1833

toff1851

flâneur1854

Johnny1883

silver-tail1898

knut1911

lounge lizard1918

old buster1919

Hooray Henry1959

1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Aiij How now Caualiero, are you come to Scripture?

1593 Prodigal Son iii. 103 Our guest is a free-handed Cavalier.

1599 Warning for Faire Women ii. 589 Some swaggering, swearing, drunken, desperate Dicke. Call we them Cabbaleers? masse, they be Canniballes.

1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood 3 Humours is late crown'd king of Caueeleres.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 60 Ile drink to master Bardolfe, and to all the cabileros about London.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 175 The tidings..brought not to cavalliers, but to quiet and simple Shepherds.

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. D4 Signor Alfonso Antomini a Cavaglier of the most sublime vertues.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. iv. 170 Some little dispute..which had oblig'd him to seek the satisfaction of a Cavalier.

1781 D. Garrick in R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal (new ed.) Prol. He'll fight—that's write—a cavaliero true.

1867 R. W. Emerson May-day & Other Pieces 21 To greet staid ancient cavaliers.

b. A gentleman attending upon or escorting a lady, a ‘gallant’, a ‘squire’ (cf. A. 5); a lady's partner in a dance.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > one who courts or woos

wooerc1000

company-keeper1554

suitor?1555

love-maker1581

squire1590

courter1611

chevalier1630

Protestant1648

suitorer1688

cavalier1752

courtier1766

1752 C. Lennox Female Quixote II. ix. ii. 213 The rest of the cavaliers and ladies.

1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. xliv. 156 I'll take a dance, said I... We want a cavalier, said she, holding out both her hands, as if to offer them.

1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zicci 34 He wants to be your cavalier, not your husband.

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Disowned 99 Do come, Mr. Linden will be our cavalier.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Cavalier Seul in Mrs. Perkins's Ball This is my friend Bob Hely, performing the Cavalier seul in a quadrille.]

c. As a title or term of address.

1589 Nashe (title) The Return of the Renowned Caualiero Pasquill, etc.

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor ii. iii. 67 Cauellira Slender, go you all ouer the fields to Frogmore.

3. A name given to those who fought on the side of Charles I in the war between him and the Parliament; a 17th cent. Royalist.Originally reproachful, and applied to the swash-bucklers on the king's side, who hailed the prospect of war; cf. cavalierish adj., cavalierism n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > British > specific

redcoatc1605

cavalier1642

cavy1645

cave1661

peninsular1888

Ironside1889

Brodrick1903

Kitcheners1916

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > cavalier or royalist cause > supporter of

rattle-head1641

cavalier1642

delinquent1642

long head1642

malignant1642

Cab1644

cavy1645

kebc1645

rattlepate1646

cave1661

heroic1682

1642 S. D'Ewes Jrnl. 10 Jan. (1942) 398 Certaine Hamletters..informed us of some of the canoneers in the Tower to be dangerous men and that some cavaliers had come in thither.

1642 Ld. Kimbolton's Speech in Parl. 4 (not authentic) Ill affected cavaleers and commanders about the Court.

1642 Propositions of Parl. 10 June in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1702) I. v. 504 Several sorts of malignant Men, who were about the King; some whereof, under the name of Cavaliers, without having respect to the Laws of the Land, or any fear either of God or Man, were ready to commit all manner of Outrage and Violence.

1642 Petition Lords & Com. 17 June in Rushw. Coll. iii. (1721) I. 631 That your Majesty..would please to dismiss your extraordinary Guards, and the Cavaliers and others of that Quality, who seem to have little Interest or Affection to the publick Good, their Language and Behaviour speaking nothing but Division and War.

1642 King Charles I Answer Petition presented 17 June 13 The language and behaviour of the Cavaliers (a word by what mistake soever it seemes much in disfavour).

1642 Catal. Pamphlets Harl. Libr. xxiii. 101/1 No. 325 A Perfect Declaration of the barbarous and cruel Practices committed by Prince Robert, the Cavalliers, and others in his Majesty's Army.

1651 W. Lilly Monarchy or no Monarchy 107 [Speaking of what he witnessed during Christmas of 1641–2] The Courtiers againe, wearing long Haire and locks, and alwayes Sworded, at last were called by these men [the Puritans] Cavaliers; and so after this broken language had been used a while, all that adhered unto the Parlament were termed Round-heads; all that tooke part or appeared for his Majestie, Cavaliers, few of the vulgar knowing the sence of the word Cavalier.

1656 O. Cromwell Speech 17 Sept. Your old enemies, the Papists and Cavaliers.

1656 R. Lane in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 14 The poore cavilers are by proclamation banishd the towne.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 125. ¶1 When the Feuds ran high between the Round-heads and Cavaliers.

1864 H. Spencer Illustr. Progress 62 The Puritans, disapproving of the long curls of the Cavaliers, as of their principles.

4. Fortification. ‘A work generally raised within the body of the place, ten or twelve feet higher than the rest of the works…to command all the adjacent works and country round’ (Stocqueler).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower

towerc897

bastillec1400

bastillion1525

cavalier1562

commander1572

torrion1572

mount1590

sentinel1600

sentry1611

cat1628

torne1637

rondel1686

rounder1774

Martello tower1803

1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 18^v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Caualiers, or platformes.

1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. G8 Raise Caualieros higher than the cloudes, And with the cannon break the frame of heauen.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 126 These Caualleres ought in no wise to be made within the bulwarkes.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. i. 23 He rais'd by the industry of an Italian Engineer, a Cavalier.

1799 D. Baird in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 127 The whole of the ramparts, and every cavalier in the fort, were..in the possession of our troops.

1860 Times 3 Nov. 7/6 In the centre of the front face..is a high cavalier mounting two large brass guns.

5. cavalier-servant, or in Italian form cavaliere-servente (French cavalier-servant): a man who devotes himself wholly to attendance on a lady as her professed slave, either from love or from gratitude. Hence cavalier servitude, cavaliere-serventism (nonce-formations).

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > devotion or attendance on a lady

cavalier servitude1818

cavaliere-serventism1878

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > devotion or attendance on a lady > man devoted to attendance on lady

cavalier-servant1818

1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xxxvii. 19 ‘Cavalier Servente’ is the phrase Used in politest circles to express This supernumerary slave, who stays Close to the lady as a part of dress.

1820 Ld. Byron Let. 21 Feb. (1977) VII. 42 The Conventual education—the Cavalier Servitude.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IX li. 30 Which hovers oft about some married Beauties, Called ‘Cavalier Servente’.

1878 Fraser's Mag. 18 38 Neither married life nor conventional cavaliere-serventism was prolific of inspiration.

B. adj. or attributive.

†1.

a. Gallant. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > gallantry > [adjective]

prow1340

prowousa1500

gallant1598

cavaliera1642

a1642 J. Suckling Lett. Divers Eminent Personages 94 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) The people are naturally not valiant, and not much Cavalier.

†b. Of things: Fine, ‘brave’, ‘gallant’. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [adjective] > of fine or gay appearance

gay?c1225

jollyc1380

gallantc1420

show-worthy1542

gaud-glorious1555

brave1568

of show1580

gaudy1583

braving1600

cavalier1670

showish1675

showy1712

braw1724

branky1790

viewy1850

cheesy1858

cheesy1863

jazzified1920

jazzed1922

zizzy1966

1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) i. 130 One of the most Caualier curiositys a man can see in Italy.

a. Careless in manner, off-hand, free and easy.

ΘΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > [adjective]

respectless1591

unrespecting1592

unrespective1593

unrespectful1595

unfestival1603

disrespective1623

irrespective1640

cavalier1657

disrespectfula1677

irrespectuose1677

irrespectful1678

undervaluing-like1782

slightening1916

1657 M. Hawke Killing is Murder & No Murder To Rdr. Cavalier and nimble wits.

1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond II. xiv. 291 Very cavalier, indeed, to go out to walk, without waiting to see us.

b. Haughty, disdainful, supercilious.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [adjective]

overmoodeOE

highlyOE

overmoodOE

overmoodyOE

orgelc1175

dangerous?c1225

orgula1275

orgulousc1275

fiercec1290

hautain1297

highfulc1325

squeamousc1325

deignousc1330

digne1340

disdainousc1374

sirlya1375

lordlyc1390

high-hearteda1398

haught1430

haut1430

coppedc1449

excellentc1450

fastidious?a1475

loftyc1485

dain?1507

hichty1513

stiff-necked1526

supercilious1528

haughty1530

taunt?a1534

disdainfula1542

high in the instep1555

skeighc1560

queen-like?1571

surlyc1572

stately1579

coy1581

paughtya1586

steya1586

disdained1598

dortya1605

lordlike1605

overly1606

magnatical1608

stiff1608

surly-borne1609

high-sighted1610

lofty-minded1611

sublimed1611

patronizing1619

lording1629

sublimated1634

cavaliering1642

uncondescending1660

nose-in-the-air1673

sidy1673

fastuose1674

uncondescensive1681

condescending1707

stiff-rumped1728

fastidiose1730

cavalier1751

ogertful1754

pawky1809

supercilian1825

splendid1833

touch-me-not1852

pincé1858

high-stepping1867

eyeglassy1871

sniffy1871

cavalierly1876

snifty1889

Olympian1900

ritzy1920

mugwumpish1923

blasé1930

stiff-arsed1937

nose-high1939

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. xlii. 28 This cavalier declaration of the young man.

1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvi. xv. 491 This cavalier tone from an unknown person..did not please me.

3. In reference to the 17th cent.: Royalist.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [adjective] > cavalier or royalist

malignant1641

cavalierish1647

cavish1650

cavalier1844

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. iii. iii. 292 An old Cavalier family.

1868 Q. Rev. Jan. 259 Robert South was the very type of a Cavalier preacher in the proper sense of the term.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

cavalier-poet n. (applied to Lovelace).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > poet by period > [noun] > Caroline or cavalier poet

cavalier-poet1879

Carolinian1949

1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times The fine lines of the cavalier-poet, which remind his mistress that he could not love her so much, loved he not honour more.

cavalier cuff n. a cuff of gauntlet shape.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > arm > parts of > cuff > types of

French cuff1810

cavalier cuff1902

1902 Daily Chron. 17 Aug. 8/3 The cavalier cuff of stiffened velvet.

1923 Daily Mail 1 Mar. 6 Sleeves that end in a flounce..—gowns with no sleeves at all—Cavalier cuffs—there is infinite variety.

cavalier-hat n. a hat with a feather worn by ladies in imitation of those worn by the Royalists in the time of Charles I.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > trimmed with feathers

cavalier-hat1860

bersaglieri hat1946

1860 G. A. Sala Make your Game 151 Ladies with ravishing bonnets and cavalier-hats.

Cavalier Parliament n. the second parliament of Charles II from 1661 to 1679; = Pensioner Parliament n. at pensioner n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > a particular English or British parliament > specific

great Parliamentc1450

Good Parliament1580

addle parliament1614

giunto1641

junto1641

Unlearned Parliament1643

Long Parliament1646

rump?1653

Short Parliament1653

lay Parliament1655

Barebone's Parliament1657

Rump Parliament1659

Little Parliamenta1675

Long Parliament1678

Pensioner Parliament1678

Pensioned Parliament1681

Bluestocking Parliamenta1683

Pension Parliament1682

Pensionary Parliament1690

marvellous Parliament?1706

rumple1725

lack-learning Parliament1765

unreported Parliament1839

Cavalier Parliament1849

Addled Parliament1857

merciless Parliament1875

wonderful Parliament1878

nominated Parliament1898

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1871) I. ii. 95 The Cavalier Parliament, chosen in the transport of loyalty which had followed the Restoration.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi A bill repealing the Corporation Act, which had been passed by the Cavalier Parliament.

Derivatives

cavaˈlieress n. Apparently an isolated use.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents at Home xxi Every street was..packed with charging cavaliers and cavalieresses.

cavaˈliership n.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. E2^v Did I cashier the new vocation of my caualiership.

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. Q2^v His Caualiership..is lewder by nine score times than his Poetry.

Draft additions April 2011

British slang (originally School slang). An uncircumcised male. Opposed to roundhead n. 5.

ΚΠ

1967 Penthouse Sept. 8/3 I am one of those who has been circumcised... I was never drawn to those known as ‘cavaliers’—we ‘roundheads’ stuck together.

1971 ‘R. Chartham’ Advice to Men v. 90 Those with foreskins he dubbed Cavaliers; those who were circumcised he dubbed Roundheads.

1997 A. Taylor Four Last Things 67 ‘It's smaller than Simon's. And he's a roundhead.’.. ‘I'm a cavalier.’

2006 N. Gaiman Fragile Things 78 We're cavaliers... Do you know what that means?.. It means our willies aren't circumcised.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	cavalier
释义	cavaliern.adj. /kavəˈlɪə/ Forms: 1500s cauallere, ( cabbaleer, caueelere), 1500s–1600s cavallier, 1600s cavaliere, cavaleer(e, cavaglier, (by perversion) caviler, Scottish cavaleire, cavelleir, 1500s– cavalier. Also (from Spanish) 1500s cavallero, caualero, 1500s–1700s cavaliero, 1600s cabilero, caualeiro, cauellira, cauilero, cavalero, 1700s cavalliero. Etymology: Originally adopted in the form cavallero , cavaliero , etc. from Spanish, with occasional use of the Italian and Portuguese forms. The actual form cavalier is < French cavalier (16th cent. in Littré), < Italian cavaliere , < cavallo horse + -iere , a termination often occurring in Italian for Latin -ārius . The late Latin caballārius (-ˈerius ) ‘horseman’ gave Spanish caballero (Old Spanish cav- ), Portuguese cavalleiro , Provençal cavallier , Old Northern French cavailler , cavaler , Old French and French chevalier , whence also English chevalier n. A. n. 1. A horseman, esp. a horse-soldier; a knight. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > rider > [noun] styera1340 upstyerc1340 prickera1350 chevalier1377 sittera1382 ridera1400 horsemanc1400 horse-rider1580 cavalier1596 equestrian1791 bestrider1830 Macadamite1860 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > mounted soldier horsemanc1275 chevalier1377 roiter1579 prancer1593 cavalier1596 trooper1640 cavalry soldier1852 plunger1854 cavalry man1860 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > mounted soldier > knight riderlOE Flower of Chivalry1297 Knight (formerly also fellow, etc.) of the Round Tablec1330 chevalier1377 knight voyagerc1500 ritter1577 cavalier1596 knight- 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres Gloss. 249 Cauaglere, an Italian word..signifieth a Gentleman seruing on horsebacke. c1470 Hors, Shepe, & G. (1822) 3 In duche a rider is called a Knyght, Aragon tonge doth also specyfye Caualero, which in that partie Is named of worship & toke begynnyng Of spores of gold and chiefly of rydyng.] 1596 L. Keymis Relation 2nd Voy. Guiana sig. G4 That so many Caualeros should all faile in this one attempt. 1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 24 Sept. (1855) 51 That all brave cavaleires will tak the business to hart. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Cavalier, Cavalero, a knight or gentleman, serving on horseback, a man of arms. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 526 Of our cavaliers, or of our foot-soldiers. 1807 R. Wilson Jrnl. 2 July I returned..decked with mud; but as my horse was seen to fall I did not appear as a dishonoured cavalier. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. 97 A mute wonder held The Trojan cavaliers. 2. a. A gentleman trained to arms, ‘a gay sprightly military man’ (Johnson); gen. a courtly gentleman, a gallant. (Like gallant, also applied about 1600, to a roistering swaggering fellow.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > military man > [noun] martialist1576 cavalier1589 martial?1611 militarista1616 swordmana1616 camper1631 swordsman1701 military1709 serviceman1832 militant1842 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [noun] > member of > male gallant1388 wamfler15.. rutter1506 younkera1522 fine gentleman1575 cavalier1589 whisker1595 jinglespur1604 bravery1616 brisk1621 chevalier1630 man about town1647 man of mode1676 man of distinction1699 sprag1707 sparky1756 blood1763 swell1786 Corinthian1819 galliard1828 mondain1833 toff1851 flâneur1854 Johnny1883 silver-tail1898 knut1911 lounge lizard1918 old buster1919 Hooray Henry1959 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Aiij How now Caualiero, are you come to Scripture? 1593 Prodigal Son iii. 103 Our guest is a free-handed Cavalier. 1599 Warning for Faire Women ii. 589 Some swaggering, swearing, drunken, desperate Dicke. Call we them Cabbaleers? masse, they be Canniballes. 1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood 3 Humours is late crown'd king of Caueeleres. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. iii. 60 Ile drink to master Bardolfe, and to all the cabileros about London. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 175 The tidings..brought not to cavalliers, but to quiet and simple Shepherds. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. D4 Signor Alfonso Antomini a Cavaglier of the most sublime vertues. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. iv. 170 Some little dispute..which had oblig'd him to seek the satisfaction of a Cavalier. 1781 D. Garrick in R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal (new ed.) Prol. He'll fight—that's write—a cavaliero true. 1867 R. W. Emerson May-day & Other Pieces 21 To greet staid ancient cavaliers. b. A gentleman attending upon or escorting a lady, a ‘gallant’, a ‘squire’ (cf. A. 5); a lady's partner in a dance. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > one who courts or woos wooerc1000 company-keeper1554 suitor?1555 love-maker1581 squire1590 courter1611 chevalier1630 Protestant1648 suitorer1688 cavalier1752 courtier1766 1752 C. Lennox Female Quixote II. ix. ii. 213 The rest of the cavaliers and ladies. 1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. xliv. 156 I'll take a dance, said I... We want a cavalier, said she, holding out both her hands, as if to offer them. 1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zicci 34 He wants to be your cavalier, not your husband. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Disowned 99 Do come, Mr. Linden will be our cavalier. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Cavalier Seul in Mrs. Perkins's Ball This is my friend Bob Hely, performing the Cavalier seul in a quadrille.] c. As a title or term of address. Π 1589 Nashe (title) The Return of the Renowned Caualiero Pasquill, etc. 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor ii. iii. 67 Cauellira Slender, go you all ouer the fields to Frogmore. 3. A name given to those who fought on the side of Charles I in the war between him and the Parliament; a 17th cent. Royalist.Originally reproachful, and applied to the swash-bucklers on the king's side, who hailed the prospect of war; cf. cavalierish adj., cavalierism n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by nationality > [noun] > British > specific redcoatc1605 cavalier1642 cavy1645 cave1661 peninsular1888 Ironside1889 Brodrick1903 Kitcheners1916 society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > cavalier or royalist cause > supporter of rattle-head1641 cavalier1642 delinquent1642 long head1642 malignant1642 Cab1644 cavy1645 kebc1645 rattlepate1646 cave1661 heroic1682 1642 S. D'Ewes Jrnl. 10 Jan. (1942) 398 Certaine Hamletters..informed us of some of the canoneers in the Tower to be dangerous men and that some cavaliers had come in thither. 1642 Ld. Kimbolton's Speech in Parl. 4 (not authentic) Ill affected cavaleers and commanders about the Court. 1642 Propositions of Parl. 10 June in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1702) I. v. 504 Several sorts of malignant Men, who were about the King; some whereof, under the name of Cavaliers, without having respect to the Laws of the Land, or any fear either of God or Man, were ready to commit all manner of Outrage and Violence. 1642 Petition Lords & Com. 17 June in Rushw. Coll. iii. (1721) I. 631 That your Majesty..would please to dismiss your extraordinary Guards, and the Cavaliers and others of that Quality, who seem to have little Interest or Affection to the publick Good, their Language and Behaviour speaking nothing but Division and War. 1642 King Charles I Answer Petition presented 17 June 13 The language and behaviour of the Cavaliers (a word by what mistake soever it seemes much in disfavour). 1642 Catal. Pamphlets Harl. Libr. xxiii. 101/1 No. 325 A Perfect Declaration of the barbarous and cruel Practices committed by Prince Robert, the Cavalliers, and others in his Majesty's Army. 1651 W. Lilly Monarchy or no Monarchy 107 [Speaking of what he witnessed during Christmas of 1641–2] The Courtiers againe, wearing long Haire and locks, and alwayes Sworded, at last were called by these men [the Puritans] Cavaliers; and so after this broken language had been used a while, all that adhered unto the Parlament were termed Round-heads; all that tooke part or appeared for his Majestie, Cavaliers, few of the vulgar knowing the sence of the word Cavalier. 1656 O. Cromwell Speech 17 Sept. Your old enemies, the Papists and Cavaliers. 1656 R. Lane in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 14 The poore cavilers are by proclamation banishd the towne. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 125. ¶1 When the Feuds ran high between the Round-heads and Cavaliers. 1864 H. Spencer Illustr. Progress 62 The Puritans, disapproving of the long curls of the Cavaliers, as of their principles. 4. Fortification. ‘A work generally raised within the body of the place, ten or twelve feet higher than the rest of the works…to command all the adjacent works and country round’ (Stocqueler). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower towerc897 bastillec1400 bastillion1525 cavalier1562 commander1572 torrion1572 mount1590 sentinel1600 sentry1611 cat1628 torne1637 rondel1686 rounder1774 Martello tower1803 1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 18^v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Caualiers, or platformes. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. G8 Raise Caualieros higher than the cloudes, And with the cannon break the frame of heauen. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 126 These Caualleres ought in no wise to be made within the bulwarkes. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon i. i. 23 He rais'd by the industry of an Italian Engineer, a Cavalier. 1799 D. Baird in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 127 The whole of the ramparts, and every cavalier in the fort, were..in the possession of our troops. 1860 Times 3 Nov. 7/6 In the centre of the front face..is a high cavalier mounting two large brass guns. 5. cavalier-servant, or in Italian form cavaliere-servente (French cavalier-servant): a man who devotes himself wholly to attendance on a lady as her professed slave, either from love or from gratitude. Hence cavalier servitude, cavaliere-serventism (nonce-formations). ΘΠ the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > devotion or attendance on a lady cavalier servitude1818 cavaliere-serventism1878 the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > devotion or attendance on a lady > man devoted to attendance on lady cavalier-servant1818 1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xxxvii. 19 ‘Cavalier Servente’ is the phrase Used in politest circles to express This supernumerary slave, who stays Close to the lady as a part of dress. 1820 Ld. Byron Let. 21 Feb. (1977) VII. 42 The Conventual education—the Cavalier Servitude. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IX li. 30 Which hovers oft about some married Beauties, Called ‘Cavalier Servente’. 1878 Fraser's Mag. 18 38 Neither married life nor conventional cavaliere-serventism was prolific of inspiration. B. adj. or attributive. †1. a. Gallant. Obsolete. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > gallantry > [adjective] prow1340 prowousa1500 gallant1598 cavaliera1642 a1642 J. Suckling Lett. Divers Eminent Personages 94 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) The people are naturally not valiant, and not much Cavalier. †b. Of things: Fine, ‘brave’, ‘gallant’. Obsolete. ΘΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > splendour > [adjective] > of fine or gay appearance gay?c1225 jollyc1380 gallantc1420 show-worthy1542 gaud-glorious1555 brave1568 of show1580 gaudy1583 braving1600 cavalier1670 showish1675 showy1712 braw1724 branky1790 viewy1850 cheesy1858 cheesy1863 jazzified1920 jazzed1922 zizzy1966 1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) i. 130 One of the most Caualier curiositys a man can see in Italy. 2. a. Careless in manner, off-hand, free and easy. ΘΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > [adjective] respectless1591 unrespecting1592 unrespective1593 unrespectful1595 unfestival1603 disrespective1623 irrespective1640 cavalier1657 disrespectfula1677 irrespectuose1677 irrespectful1678 undervaluing-like1782 slightening1916 1657 M. Hawke Killing is Murder & No Murder To Rdr. Cavalier and nimble wits. 1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond II. xiv. 291 Very cavalier, indeed, to go out to walk, without waiting to see us. b. Haughty, disdainful, supercilious. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [adjective] overmoodeOE highlyOE overmoodOE overmoodyOE orgelc1175 dangerous?c1225 orgula1275 orgulousc1275 fiercec1290 hautain1297 highfulc1325 squeamousc1325 deignousc1330 digne1340 disdainousc1374 sirlya1375 lordlyc1390 high-hearteda1398 haught1430 haut1430 coppedc1449 excellentc1450 fastidious?a1475 loftyc1485 dain?1507 hichty1513 stiff-necked1526 supercilious1528 haughty1530 taunt?a1534 disdainfula1542 high in the instep1555 skeighc1560 queen-like?1571 surlyc1572 stately1579 coy1581 paughtya1586 steya1586 disdained1598 dortya1605 lordlike1605 overly1606 magnatical1608 stiff1608 surly-borne1609 high-sighted1610 lofty-minded1611 sublimed1611 patronizing1619 lording1629 sublimated1634 cavaliering1642 uncondescending1660 nose-in-the-air1673 sidy1673 fastuose1674 uncondescensive1681 condescending1707 stiff-rumped1728 fastidiose1730 cavalier1751 ogertful1754 pawky1809 supercilian1825 splendid1833 touch-me-not1852 pincé1858 high-stepping1867 eyeglassy1871 sniffy1871 cavalierly1876 snifty1889 Olympian1900 ritzy1920 mugwumpish1923 blasé1930 stiff-arsed1937 nose-high1939 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. xlii. 28 This cavalier declaration of the young man. 1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvi. xv. 491 This cavalier tone from an unknown person..did not please me. 3. In reference to the 17th cent.: Royalist. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [adjective] > cavalier or royalist malignant1641 cavalierish1647 cavish1650 cavalier1844 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. iii. iii. 292 An old Cavalier family. 1868 Q. Rev. Jan. 259 Robert South was the very type of a Cavalier preacher in the proper sense of the term. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. cavalier-poet n. (applied to Lovelace). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > poet by period > [noun] > Caroline or cavalier poet cavalier-poet1879 Carolinian1949 1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times The fine lines of the cavalier-poet, which remind his mistress that he could not love her so much, loved he not honour more. cavalier cuff n. a cuff of gauntlet shape. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > arm > parts of > cuff > types of French cuff1810 cavalier cuff1902 1902 Daily Chron. 17 Aug. 8/3 The cavalier cuff of stiffened velvet. 1923 Daily Mail 1 Mar. 6 Sleeves that end in a flounce..—gowns with no sleeves at all—Cavalier cuffs—there is infinite variety. cavalier-hat n. a hat with a feather worn by ladies in imitation of those worn by the Royalists in the time of Charles I. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > trimmed with feathers cavalier-hat1860 bersaglieri hat1946 1860 G. A. Sala Make your Game 151 Ladies with ravishing bonnets and cavalier-hats. Cavalier Parliament n. the second parliament of Charles II from 1661 to 1679; = Pensioner Parliament n. at pensioner n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > a particular English or British parliament > specific great Parliamentc1450 Good Parliament1580 addle parliament1614 giunto1641 junto1641 Unlearned Parliament1643 Long Parliament1646 rump?1653 Short Parliament1653 lay Parliament1655 Barebone's Parliament1657 Rump Parliament1659 Little Parliamenta1675 Long Parliament1678 Pensioner Parliament1678 Pensioned Parliament1681 Bluestocking Parliamenta1683 Pension Parliament1682 Pensionary Parliament1690 marvellous Parliament?1706 rumple1725 lack-learning Parliament1765 unreported Parliament1839 Cavalier Parliament1849 Addled Parliament1857 merciless Parliament1875 wonderful Parliament1878 nominated Parliament1898 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1871) I. ii. 95 The Cavalier Parliament, chosen in the transport of loyalty which had followed the Restoration. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi A bill repealing the Corporation Act, which had been passed by the Cavalier Parliament. Derivatives cavaˈlieress n. Apparently an isolated use. Π 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents at Home xxi Every street was..packed with charging cavaliers and cavalieresses. cavaˈliership n. Π 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. E2^v Did I cashier the new vocation of my caualiership. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. Q2^v His Caualiership..is lewder by nine score times than his Poetry. Draft additions April 2011 British slang (originally School slang). An uncircumcised male. Opposed to roundhead n. 5. ΚΠ 1967 Penthouse Sept. 8/3 I am one of those who has been circumcised... I was never drawn to those known as ‘cavaliers’—we ‘roundheads’ stuck together. 1971 ‘R. Chartham’ Advice to Men v. 90 Those with foreskins he dubbed Cavaliers; those who were circumcised he dubbed Roundheads. 1997 A. Taylor Four Last Things 67 ‘It's smaller than Simon's. And he's a roundhead.’.. ‘I'm a cavalier.’ 2006 N. Gaiman Fragile Things 78 We're cavaliers... Do you know what that means?.. It means our willies aren't circumcised. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022). cavalierv. Etymology: < cavalier n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: cavaˈlier. 1. intransitive. To play the cavalier. Also transitive with it. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > be haughty or disdainful [verb (intransitive)] to make it quainta1393 to have pepper in the nosea1400 lord1548 lord1563 to stand (also be, walk, etc.) upon (one's) pantofles1573 cavalier1594 to stand on (or upon) high terms1611 high-hat1922 1594 [see cavaliering n. at Derivatives]. a1692 T. Shadwell Volunteers (1693) i. i. 2 I must flye from the University forsooth, to run a Cavaliering. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. cxvii. 372 Cavaliering it here over half a dozen persons of distinction. 2. transitive. To act as cavalier or escort to (a lady). ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > escort a lady squirec1386 man1567 convoy1578 esquire1786 beau1843 cavalier1863 the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > court or woo [verb (transitive)] > make or have a date with > act as escort man1567 squirea1578 convoy1578 gallant1690 esquire1786 cavalier1863 1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xvi. 427 From his cavaliering the ladies Percy and Mortimer. Derivatives cavaˈliering n. ΚΠ 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night in Wks. (1883–4) III. 279 Bridewell or Newgate prooue the ende of your caueleering. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.adj.1562v.1594
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cavaliern.adj.

Compounds

Derivatives

Draft additions April 2011

cavalierv.

Derivatives