From the fifteenth century these complexes deployed modular production systems, and private and official factories and kilns were concentrated in one major centre.

As a major centre for insurance and reinsurance activities it has built up a large reserve of intellectual capital and acquired a reputation for innovation.

In 1847, the first chemical factory was established and the town rapidly became a major centre of the chemical industry.

In the late 19th century, the valley quickly became a major centre for iron ore extraction.

In former times it was a major centre for the mining and storage of bauxite.