A deprived, fraught and unpredictable environment reinforces any damage.

Does it require working in an unpredictable environment?

This may have prepared the offspring for coping with an unpredictable environment...

A highly unpredictable environment can also lead to plasticity, in which individual organisms can shift along the spectrum of r-selected vs.

Simply, inducible defences cause variations in the defence constituents of a plant, thereby making the plant a more unpredictable environment for insect herbivores.