| 释义 |
stamen|ˈsteɪmən|
Pl. stamens; also (now rarely) stamina |ˈsteɪmɪnə|.
[a. L. stāmen, neut. (pl. stāmina) ‘the warp in the upright loom of the ancients’ (L. & Sh.), a thread of the warp, a thread or fibre in general, also (Pliny) applied to the stamens of the lily; corresponding formally to Gr. στήµων masc. warp, στῆµα neut., some part of a plant (Hesychius), Goth. stōma wk. masc., Skr. sthāman station, place, also strength:—Indo-germanic *st(h)āmon-, -en-, f. *st(h)ā- to stand. Cf. It. stame, F. étamine (1690 in Hatz.-Darm.; repr. L. pl. stamina), Sp. estambre, Pg. estame.]
‖1. The warp of a textile fabric. Also transf. Obs. rare.
1650Fuller Pisgah ii. vi. i. 190 As in a web, the stamen, or Warp, is fast fixed, through which the woofe is cast, or woven. 1681Grew Musæum i. §1. i. 6 Those whitest Fibers which..make the stamen or warp of every Muscule.
†2.
a. The thread spun by the Fates at a person's birth, on the length of which the duration of his life was suppose to depend. Hence, in popular physiology, the measure of vital impulse or capacity which it was supposed that each person possessed at birth, and on which the length of his life, unless cut short by violence or disease, was supposed to depend.
b. The supposed germinal principle or impulse in which the future characteristics of any nascent existence are implicit.
c. The fundamental or essential element of a thing. Obs. Cf. stamina.
a.1701C. Wolley Jrnl. New York (1860) 26 A person seemingly of a weakly Stamen and a valetudinary Constitution. 1709Tatler No. 15 ⁋1 All, who enter into human life, have a certain date or Stamen given to their being, which they only who die of age may be said to have arrived at. a1745J. Richardson Note on Milton's Lycidas 75 Of the three fatal sisters the first prepar'd the flax upon the distaff, the stamen of human life. 1753L. M. Accompl. Woman I. 246 Bad example hath not less influence upon education than a bad stamen upon the constitution.
b.1718Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. I. xvi. §9. 306 All the Great Naturalists..have been convinced..that the Beginning of all Creatures consist in a Stamen. 1725J. Reynolds View Death 16 note, Some suppose, that the soul takes away with it, the animal spirits, as the stamen, or ground of the vehicle, it is to assume.
c.1758Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornw. 61 Earth is the general food and stamen of all bodies. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 305 Philosophers..looked upon water as the elemental matter, or stamen of all things.
3. Bot. The male or fertilizing organ of a flowering plant, consisting of two parts, the anther, which is a double-celled sac containing the pollen, and the filament, a slender footstalk supporting the anther.
Although the L. stamen was applied by Pliny to the stamens of the lily, the technical use of the word in botany app. began with Spigelius (Adriaan van den Spieghel, died 1625), who defines stamina as ‘partes oblongæ tenues veluti capillamenta..quæ stylum (partem similiter oblongam sed paulo crassiorem)..ambiunt’ (Isagoge in Rem Herbariam, ed. 1633, i. vi. p. 37).
(α) sing.
1668Wilkins Real Char. ii. vi. 170 [Parts of the flower.] Stamen, tuft. 1764Berkenhout Clavis Angl. Bot. s.v., Each Stamen consists of two distinct parts, viz. the Filamentum, and the Anthera. 1845Lindley Sch. Bot. i. (1858) 15 The Stamen is one of the parts which stand next the corolla in the inside.
(β) plural stamina.
1668[see stamineous a.] 1683Ray Corr. (1848) 131 A thrum of small flowers, which are vulgarly mistaken for stamina. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. iv. (1765) 10 The Stamina are the Male Part of the Flower. 1858Brightwell Life Linnæus 25 A close examination of the stamina and pistils. 1879J. Grant in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 95/1 He showed that the stamina, or dust-threads, were the male..parts of the plants.
(γ) plural stamens.
1785Martyn tr. Rousseau's Bot. i. 25 Between the pistil and the corol [of a Lily] you find six other bodies..called the Stamens. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 470 Class 21. Monoecia. Stamens and Pistils in separate flowers, but both growing on the same individual plant. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 791 The stamens of Berberis..lose their irritability in vacuo.
b. Comb.
1821S. F. Gray Brit. Plants I. 159 Gynophore... Stamen-bearing,..supporting the stamens also. 1829T. Castle Introd. Bot. 170 The barren or stamen-bearing flowers. 1877Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. 84 The union of the filaments for three-fourths of their length to form the stamen-tube. |