| 释义 |
darnel|ˈdɑːnəl|
Forms: 4–5 dernel, 5 dernal -eil, darnelle, -ylle, -ail, 6 dernell, (dernolde), 6–7 darnell, -all, 4– darnel.
[Occurs also in the Walloon dialect of Rouchy, ‘darnelle, ivraie, lolium temulentum’; ulterior history unknown.]
1. A deleterious grass, Lolium temulentum, which in some countries grows as a weed among corn.
Known first as the English name for the lolium of the Vulgate: see cockle n.1 2. The grass is now rare in England, but appears to have been much more common formerly when seed-corn was largely imported from the Mediterranean regions, where the weed abounds. It is now held to be deleterious only when infested by ergot, to which it is particularly liable.
c1325Metr. Hom. 145 Than com his fa, and seu riht thare Darnel, that es an iuel wede. c1340Cursor M. 1138 (Fairf.) Þi quete darnel [Cott., Gött. zizanny, Trin. cokul] sal hit be. 1382Wyclif Matt. xiii. 25. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 119 Dernel, a wede, zizania, lollium. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §20 Dernolde groweth vp streyght lyke an hye grasse, and hath longe sedes on eyther syde the stert. 1572J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 5 b, Some darnell is crepte in amongest the good corne. 1605Shakes. Lear iv. iv. 5. 1697 Dryden Virg. Past. v. 56 Oats and Darnel choak the rising Corn. 1742Lond. & Country Brew. i. (ed. 4) 10 Darnel is a rampant Weed and grows much among some Barley, especially in the bad Husbandman's Ground. 1799Med. Jrnl. II. 106 Externally applied, darnel is said to produce anodyne properties. 1833Tennyson Poems 3 Then let wise Nature work her will And on my clay her darnels grow.
b. Sometimes used as a book-name of the genus Lolium. red darnel: Rye-grass, L. Perenne.
1647Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 109 There is a kind of darnel, called lolium murinum. 1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xiii. 143 Lolium or Darnel, has a one-leaved involucre containing one flower only.
2. Loosely ‘applied to Papaver Rhœas, or some other corn-field poppy’ (Britten & Holland).
1612Drayton Poly-olb. xv. (R.), The crimson darnel flower, the blue-bottle and gold.
3. fig. Cf. cockle, tares.
1444Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 216 Nor of thy tounge be nat rekkelees, Uttre nevir no darnel with good corn. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 501 The destestable darnel of desperation. 1590H. Barrow Brief Discov. 3 [Satan] sowing his darnel of errors and tares of discord amongst them. a1640J. Ball Answ. to Can ii. (1642) 12 A graine of good corne in a great deale of darnell.
attrib.1868Lowell Under Willows vi, No darnel fancy Might choke one useful blade in Puritan fields.
4. attrib., and Comb., as darnel-like adj.
1601Holland Pliny II. 144 Darnell floure laid too, with Oxymell, cureth the gout. c1620Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 73, I dizzy am as fed with Darnall seede. 1834Brit. Husb. I. 511 Festuca loliacea, or darnel-like fescue. |