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Academy|əˈkædəmɪ|
Also 5 achadomye, 6 achademya.
[a. Fr. académie, ad. L. acadēmīa, a. Gr. ἀκαδηµία, more properly ἀκαδήµεια adj., f. ἀκάδηµος name of a man; cf. Horace's silvas Academi, the ‘groves of Academus’.]
1. Proper name of a garden near Athens where Plato taught.
1474Caxton The Chesse 86 Plato..chose his mansion and dwellyng in achadomye. 1603Holland Plutarch 275 The Academy, a little pingle or plot of ground, was the habitation of Plato. 1807Robinson Archæol. Græca i. i. 16 Academy..was a large enclosure of ground which was once the property of a citizen at Athens named Academus..Some however say that it received its name from an ancient hero.
2. The philosophical school or system of Plato.
1677Gale Crt. of Gentiles II. iii. 132 From the Philosophers Scholes, specially from Plato's Academie. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. The ancient academy doubted of everything, and went so far as to make it a doubt, whether or no they ought to doubt. 1871Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 100 Without eloquence she silenced the subtle dialectics of the Academy.
3. a. A place where the arts and sciences are taught; an institution for the study of higher learning; in the general sense including a university, but in popular usage restricted to an educational institution claiming to hold a rank between a university or college and a school. In England the word has been abused, and is now in discredit in this sense. Since the 18th cent. (chiefly Sc.), an institution of higher secondary education; more recently in Scotland, applied to many state secondary schools.
1549Compl. of Scotl. (1872) 13 Thir tua princis be chance entrit in the achademya, to heir ane lesson of philosophie. c1588Greene Friar Bacon ii. 37 Joying that our academy yields A man suppos'd the wonder of the world. 1758Johnson Idler No. 33 ⁋27 The fashionable academies of our metropolis. 1785in A. Warder Burgh Laws Dundee (1872) 196 The Dean reported to the assessors that the Town Council proposed to institute an academy in the town. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. iii. 20 At Mr. Wackford Squeers's Academy, Dotheboys Hall, at the delightful village of Dotheboys, near Greta Bridge in Yorkshire. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 532 He had been master of an academy which the Dissenters had set up at Islington. 1868Rep. Schools Inquiry Comm. VI. 38 All these four schools have been converted from ancient grammar schools into ‘academies’. This is a term which has apparently a peculiar force in Scotland, and seems frequently to imply that at some period a proprietary element has been added to the ancient burgh institution. 1876Grant Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. ii. 115 The oldest Academy in Scotland is that of Perth. 19603rd Statistical Acct. Scotl. (Aberdeenshire) 482 The status and designation of ‘Academy’ was granted to Ellon Secondary School, and that of ‘Rector’ to the headmaster, only a few years ago. 1980Logophile III. iii. 18/1 Although there are Rectors of some episcopal churches in Scotland, a Rector is normally the (non-clergyman) headmaster of an academy (senior secondary school, usually founded over 100 years ago).
†b. fig. The arts, or circle of knowledge, taught in an academy, or a treatise comprehending them. Obs.
1636Healey tr. Theophrastus' Char. 10 Whatsoever belongeth to the womens Academie, as paintings, preservings, needle-workes, and such-like. a1667Cowley Elegy on Littleton Wks. 1711 III. 50 He that had only talk'd with him, might find A little Academy in his Mind. 1675A. Browne (title) Ars pictoria: or an Academy treating of Drawing, Painting, etc. 1754H. Walpole Lett. to H. Mann 257 (1834) III. 74 That living academy of love-lore my Lady Vane.
4. Hence, a place of training.
1570Sir H. Gilbert Qu. Elizabethes Achademy 12 Wherby your Maiesties and Successors courtes shalbe for euer..becomen a most noble Achademy of chiuallrie, pollicy and philosophie. 1677R. Gilpin Dæmon. Sacra (1867) 67 Evil company is sin's nursery & Satan's academy. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. II. xli. 425 The assemblies of the zealots in private houses which..had become so many academies of fanaticism. 1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. II. xii. 310 The graces and good qualities which she retained..rendered her house a sort of academy of good breeding.
5. A place of training in some special art, as a Riding Academy, the Royal Military Academy, etc.
1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. IV. x. 411 They called the places..Gymnasia, which answers very near to our academies. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., Academy is particularly understood of a riding-school. 1882Daily News 5 May 2/1 The Professor of Chemistry and Physics at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich..The Officer who was placed in charge of the Academy.
6. A society or institution for the cultivation and promotion of literature, of arts and sciences, or of some particular art or science, as the French Academy, the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, the Royal Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, which latter is commonly called in England ‘the Academy.’ Familiarly the name is extended to the Annual exhibition of the Society.
1691Ray Creation (1704) ii. 390 Several Creatures dissected by the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris. 1769Sir J. Reynolds Disc. at Opening of Royal Academy An Academy, in which the polite Arts may be regularly cultivated, is at last opened among us by Royal Munificence. 1858Max Müller Chips (1880) III. i. 34 After the model of the literary academies in Italy, academies were founded at the small courts of Germany. 1873Black Pr. of Thule (1875) xii. 190 We were at the Academy all the morning, and mamma is not a bit tired.
7. attrib., as in Academy-board, Academy Dinner, Academy-figure, Academy Lectures, etc. An Academy-figure is usually drawn half-life-size in crayon or pencil from a nude model. Academy award: an award of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Hollywood, U.S.A.) for success in a field connected with cinematographic entertainment; academy blue (see quot. 1926).
1941B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? x. 190, I know we're going to knock them for a row of Academy Awards. 1950Amer. Speech XXV. 3 Johnny Belinda, an Academy award motion picture of 1948.
1926A. S. Jennings Paint & Colour Mixing (ed. 7) xxviii. 301 Academy Blue, a mixture of French ultramarine and viridian, ground only in oil and used by artists.
1859Gullick & Timbs Painting 217 Academy board is a thin millboard, on which most of the studies made at the Academy are painted.
1769Sir J. Reynolds Disc. i, I have seen also Academy figures by Annibale Caracci..drawn with all the peculiarities of an individual model. 1859Gullick & Timbs Painting 313 When a painter introduces a figure wanting in repose or in its parts inharmonious..it is at once called ‘Academic,’ or an ‘Academy Figure.’ |