| 释义 |
cybernetics|saɪbəˈnɛtɪks|
[f. Gr. κυβερνήτης steersman, f. κυβερνᾶν to steer (see govern v.) + -ics.]
The theory or study of communication and control in living organisms or machines. Hence (as back-formation) cyberˈnetic a., pertaining or relating to cybernetics. So cyberneˈtician, cyberˈneticist, one who is skilled in cybernetics.
Used in Fr. form cybernétique (= the art of governing) by A.-M. Ampère Essai sur la Philos. des Sciences, 1834.
1948N. Wiener Cybernetics 19 We have decided to call the entire field of control and communication theory, whether in the machine or in the animal, by the name Cybernetics. 1951Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. Oct. 624/2 All these machines represent developments in that part of what has been called the cybernetic revolution which is gradually taking over those operations in the fields of numbers, quantities, and data that are strictly clerical or mechanical. 1952Science News XXIII. 77 The cyberneticists approach the problem of neural activity from a purely functional angle, and seek to model the activity of the brain as a whole on the electronic devices of modern communications systems and servo-mechanisms. 1958Listener 18 Sept. 413 The claim of cybernetics is that we can treat organisms as if they were machines, in the sense that the same methods of synthesis and analysis can be applied to both. 1959Times 11 May 6/6 Cybernetics is the study of man in relation to his particular job or machine with special reference to mental processes and control mechanisms. 1961Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Jan. 2/4 It is all right for cyberneticians to make machines like men. 1961J. Wilson Reason & Morals ii. 113 If men are machines, at least their behaviour suggests that they are cybernetic or self-regulating machines. 1962Listener 1 Nov. 718/1 Cyberneticians, as the people who practise cybernetics now appear to call themselves, can build a larynx with which an injured man can speak. Ibid. 718/2 In education, too, cybernetics begins to intrude as electronic teaching machines make good the lack of human teachers. 1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 197/2 The integration of cells, organs, and systems..appears to be done on a cybernetic basis with feed-back processes..clearly interwoven at all levels. 1970Nature 12 Sept. 1167/1 The cyberneticist's approach to the concepts of psychology is not, however, in evidence here. |