| 释义 |
▪ I. springer1|ˈsprɪŋə(r)|
[f. spring v.1 So MDu. (and Du.), MLG., MHG. (and G.), Da. springer, MSw. (and Sw.) springare.]
I.
†1. A source or origin. Obs.—1
c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋387 Now ben thay cleped chiveteyns, for als moche as thay ben chief and springers of all othere synnes.
2. a. A growing tree or plant. rare—1.
1706Evelyn Sylva (ed. 4) iv. §4 The young men and maidens..go out into the woods and copp'ces, cut down and spoil young springers to dress up their May-booth.
b. A variety of mushroom.
1866Treas. Bot. 1088 Springers, a local name applied to the variety of Agaricus arvensis figured by Bulliard, and distinguished by its elongated pileus, tall stem, and thinner ring.
3. a. A fish which springs or leaps; now spec. a newly-run salmon.
1727J. G. Scheuchzer tr. Kæmpfer's Hist. Japan I. 137 Tobiwo is what the Dutch call a Springer (Flying-fish) because it leaps out of the water. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., Springer, in ichthyology a name given by authors to the grampus, or arca. 1853Pappe Edible Fishes C. Good Hope 27 Mugil Multilineatus... Springer; Leaping Mullet. 1886Field 23 Jan. 106/2 Only one succeeded in landing a fish, viz., Tom Murphy, who got a nice springer [sc. salmon], weighing 11½ lb. 1893Daily News 23 Feb. 6/4 The newly run fish which the Irish fisherman calls a ‘springer’.
b. Zool. The springbok. Also springer antelope.
1781Pennant Quad. I. 82 The Springer Antelope..weighs about fifty pounds, and is rather lesser than a roebuck. 1785G. Forster tr. Sparrman's Voy. II. 139 This tract of country..harboured a considerable number of springers, quaggas, and hartbeests. 1827Griffith tr. Cuvier IV. 208 The Springer Antelope..is the largest of a small subordinate group. Ibid., The Springer resembles the Dorcas of nomenclators, but is nearly a third larger in size.
4. a. One who springs or leaps. Also with advs.
1775Ash, Springer,..one that leaps. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 254 They are also called springers, or leapers, from the agility with which they leap, rather than walk. 1828Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 89 Which is being interpreted, the Leaper, or the Springer. 1856N. & Q. Ser. ii. II. 36/1 ‘Springers’ is the name given to the 62nd regiment.
fig.1894Drummond Ascent of Man vii. 345 They were only offspring, springers off.
b. dial. A youth.
a1825in Forby Voc. E. Anglia.
c. Naut. slang. A physical-training instructor in the navy.
1935N. & Q. 29 June 465/1 The officer in charge of physical training was known in my ship..as ‘Bunje’. The modern term is ‘Springer’, both words being descriptive of the acrobatic nature of these duties. 1964J. Hale Grudge Fight vi. 93 The springers all fancy their chance in the training line.
5. Arch. The support from which an arch springs; the impost at each end of an arch.
1611Cotgr., Imposte,..the springer of an arched gate, the moulding that bears th' arch. 1751C. Labelye Westm. Bridge 75 The N.W. Springers of the middle Arch. 1772C. Hutton Bridges 60 The height of the pier to the springer 18 feet. 1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 127/2 A string-course or springer of stone for the abutments of cast-iron ribs which are to carry the crown of the arch. a1878Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. (1879) I. 60 The ribs, all meeting in a solid springer at the foot, brought down the pressure, and deposited it firmly upon the points of support.
6. a. A spring-hook.
1688[see spring-hook s.v. spring n.1 25 a].
b. A springe.
1813Montagu Suppl. Ornith. Dict. s.v. Woodcock, Springes or springers are usually set in moist places on the verge of woods.
7. A cow or heifer near to calving.
1844[see springing vbl. n.1 8]. 1891Australasian 15 Aug. 320/4 A full number of cattle yarded for the week's supply, comprising milkers, springers, and dry cows.
II.
8. a. ‘One who rouses game’ (J.).
b. A small variety of spaniel. Cf. springing ppl. a. 10.
1808Sporting Mag. XXX. 41 A beautiful old English Springer. 1829Glover Hist. Derby I. 136 The Springer is a lively animal, and very expert in raising woodcocks and snipes from their haunts. 1845Youatt Dog iii. 45 The largest and best breed of springers is said to be in Sussex. c1880Cassell's Nat. Hist. II. 132 The Springer is used for the same purpose as the Cocker, but is a larger, stronger, and steadier Dog.
attrib.1886York Herald 6 July 3/6 A springer puppy..was playing near the house.
9. springer-up (see quot. 1859). slang.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. I. 51/2 One of these [tailors] is considered somewhat ‘slop’, or as a coster called him, a ‘springer-up’. 1859Slang Dict. 99 Springer-up, a tailor who sells low priced ready made clothing... The clothes are said to be ‘sprung up’, or ‘blown together’.
10. One who fires or sets off a mine.
1861Meredith Evan Harrington xxxi, The springers of the mine about to explode.
11. slang. A racehorse on which the betting odds suddenly shorten (see quot. 1961).
1922E. Wallace Flying Fifty-Five xi. 67 The ‘springer’ in the market, the horse that opened at ten to one and came rapidly to five to two. 1961J. Prescot Case for Hearing iv. 61 Plenty of punters like to know how the market's moving so that they can go for the ‘springer’, the horse that suddenly shortens in price because someone in the know slaps a lot of money on at the last possible moment.
▪ II. ˈspringer2
[f. spring n.1 or v.2]
(See quot.)
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Springer and Liner, a work⁓man who puts in watch springs.
▪ III. † springer3 Obs.—1
[f. spring v.1 13 or springe v.2]
An instrument for sprinkling water.
1601W. Parry Trav. Sir A. Shirley 25 They have a spowte or springer to spirt some part of their water uppon their privy partes. |