| 释义 |
▪ I. curate|ˈkjʊərət|
Also 4–8 curat, 4–5 curet(t, 6 currat, curatte.
[ad. med.L. cūrātus, in It. curato, F. curé (13th c. in Littré). The med.L. and It. are originally adjs. ‘of, belonging to, or having a cure or charge’, whence as n. ‘one who has a cure or ecclesiastical charge’.]
1. One entrusted with the cure of souls; a spiritual pastor.
†a. gen. Any ecclesiastic (including a bishop, etc.) who has the spiritual charge of a body of laymen.
†b. A clergyman who has the spiritual charge of a parish (or parochial district); the parson of a parish.
(Now only as an archaism or etymological use.)
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. (1866) 24 The thride liffe..longith to men of holi-chirch, as to prelates and to oþer Curatis, the which han cure and souerante ouer othir men forto teche and reule hem. c1350in Horstmann Alteng. Leg. (1881) 51 Saint Peter..was chosen pape of Rome And chief curate of Cristendome. c1382Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 518 Not oonly simple prestis and curatis but also sovereyne curatis as bisshopis. a1483Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 49 Also this Deane is curate and confessour of all this houshold. 1493in Wadley Bristol Wills (1886) 171 (Will of layman), To my Curate, vicar of the saide Church, iiij mesures of wode. 1531Dial. on Laws Eng. ii. lv. (1638) 175 Variance began to rise betweene Curats and their Parishioners. 1545Primer Hen. VIII, Litany, Send down upon our bishops and curates..the healthful spirit of thy grace. 1634Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 32 Whosoever taketh upon him..to be a curate of souls, parson, bishop, or what other spiritual pastor soever. 1727Swift Modest Proposal, To..pay tithes against their conscience to an episcopal curate. 1886Guardian 3 Mar. 321/3 As a preacher, or parochial organizer, or a curate of souls. 1886Church Q. Rev. XXII. 298 In immediate subordination..to the chief curate of the parish, or to the bishop only.
c. Sc. Hist. Applied to the episcopal incumbents of the Scottish parishes from 1662 to 1688.
1706A. Shields Enq. Church Commun. Pref. 3 Others could not join in hearing the Curates. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 251 About two hundred curates—so the episcopal priests were called—were expelled.
d. Applied to parish-priests abroad; a French curé, Italian curato, Spanish cura, etc.
c1650R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. iii. (1818) 141 Thence to Gastile..I drunk stingo With a butcher and Domingo Th' Curat. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 6 In our journey to Paris [we met] an old priest..near a little village whereof he was curate. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 351 In the neighbourhood of Vienna..in the village Brunnam Gebizg: the respectable curate of that parish, etc.
2. a. A clergyman engaged for a stipend or salary, and licensed by the bishop of the diocese to perform ministerial duties in the parish as a deputy or assistant of the incumbent; an assistant to a parish priest.
This use of the word is peculiar to the Church of England and to the R.C. Church in Ireland, where assistants to the parish priests are also so called. It appears to have originated in the application of the name curate to the clergyman in actual charge of a parish of which the benefice was held by a non-resident clergyman, the head of a college, etc., and to have been thence extended to the deputy of an aged and infirm incumbent, and so gradually to any deputy or assistant of the beneficed clergyman, more fully described as a stipendiary curate or assistant curate. This is now the ordinary popular application of curate. A clergyman appointed by the bishop to take charge of a parish or chapelry during the incapacity or suspension of the incumbent is called a curate-in-charge. The incumbent of the chapel or church of an ecclesiastical district, forming part of an ancient parish, appointed by the patron and licensed by the bishop is a perpetual curate; these now rank as vicars.
1557Indenture of Advowson of Garsington, And that also the said president [of Trinity Coll., Oxf.] being parson of the said Rectorie [of Garsington] shall likewise for euer at his own proper charge fynde one sufficient Catholike and hable Curat to serve in the said Rectorye and parishe churche. 1587Petit. in Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. vii. §1 No Non-resident having already a license or Faculty may enjoy it, unless he depute an able Curate, that may weekly preach and catechize. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxx. §2 When a Minister doth serue as a stipendarie Curate. 1614T. Adams Devil's Banquet 322 Let vs not take and keepe liuings of an hundred, or two hundred pound a yeare, and allow a poore Curate (to supply the voluntary negligence of our non-residence) eight, or..ten pounds yeerely. 1709Steele & Swift Tatler No. 71 ⁋5 Our Vicar..when his Curate..preaches in the Afternoon..sleeps sotting in the Desk on a Hissock. 1796Hull Advertiser 24 Sept. 3/2 A clergyman has for several years officiated as assistant curate at a chapel of ease. 1844J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & W. xi, The poor perpetual-curate, or sub-vicar. 1883G. Lloyd Ebb & Flow I. 24 Some over-worked curate or sister of mercy. 1892Blomfield Hist. Heyford 51 These three acolytes in succession were curates-in-charge of the parish.
b. curate's egg: taken as a type of something of mixed character (good and bad).
Originating in a story of a meek curate who, having been given a stale egg by his episcopal host, stated that ‘parts of it’ were ‘excellent’ (Punch 9 Nov. 1895, p. 222).
1905Minister's Gazette of Fashion Aug. 141/1 The past spring and summer season has seen much fluctuation. Like the curate's egg, it has been excellent in parts. 1962Oxf. Mag. 22 Nov. 91/1 All the same it is a curate's egg of a book. While the whole may be somewhat stale and addled, it would be unfair not to acknowledge the merits of some of its parts.
†3. One who has a charge; a curator, overseer. Obs.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 271/3 What reward yelded the tyrauntes to their curate. 1621Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. iii. 197 He caused them [soldiers] all to be hang'd on a tree hard by the castle, and their curat higher than all the rest. 1660Hexham, Heym-raedt, the Curates or Overseers of Bancks and Dikes, that the Sea or Water-flouds breakes not in.
4. attrib. (in quot. fig.)
1651Cleveland Poems 10 But left the Sun her curate light.
5. a. jocular. A small poker (see quot.).
1891N. & Q. 7th Ser. XII. 206/2 A ‘curate’ is a small auxiliary poker with a steel point, intended for use, in contradistinction to the elaborate fire brasses, which are only kept for show.
b. A cake-stand with two or more tiers. Also called curate's comfort, curate's delight, curate's friend.
1914G. B. Shaw Fanny's First Play iii. p. 216 He places the tray on the table. He then goes out for the curate... Juggins returns with the cakes. 1934M. Harrison Weep for Lycidas i. 152 There were two of those curious stands, known as ‘curate's delights’, full of cakes. 1937N. Coward Pres. Indic. v. iii. 180 There..were spread tea-tables..‘Curate's Comforts’, and large bowls of strawberries and cream. 1968M. Allingham Cargo of Eagles xv. 163 A three tier ‘curate's friend’ cake stand.
6. In Ireland, a spirit-grocer's assistant.
1909M. Hayden & Hartog in Fortn. Rev. Apr. 781 ‘Curate’..is the assistant to a ‘spirit grocer’, such as most grocers are in Ireland. 1914Joyce Dubliners 184 These two gentlemen and one of the curates carried him up the stairs and laid him down again on the floor of the bar.
Hence (chiefly nonce-wds.) ˈcuratess, the wife of a curate. cuˈratial a., having the position of a curate. cuˈratic, -ical a., of or pertaining to a curate. ˈcuratize v., to act as a curate. ˈcuratoˌcult, curaˈtolatry, worship of a curate or curates.
1861Trollope Barchester T. xxi. (D.) A very lowly curate I might perhaps essay to rule; but a curatess would be sure to get the better of me. 1889G. M. Fenn Cure of Souls 48 What a charming little curatess she would make! 1886Church Rev. 9 Apr. 180, I now offer to..your curatial readers..Dr. Hayman's table. 1882Graphic 4 Feb. 98 If the curatic period were merely a brief apprenticeship. 1877Lady Wood Sheen's Foreman I. 239 ‘The tithe pig's tail’ had never tickled his curatical nose. 1801C. K. Sharpe Lett. (1888) I. 103 Her spouse is in the church, and at present curatizing. 1871Temple Bar Mag. Nov. 541 Curatolatry is a light sporadic disorder which spreads a little at certain seasons.
▪ II. curate, v. orig. U.S.|kjʊəˈreɪt|
[Back-formation f. curator n.; cf. *curating vbl. n.3]
trans. To act as curator of (a museum, exhibits, etc.); to look after and preserve. So cuˈrated ppl. a.
1870H. James Let. 13 Feb. (1974) I. 205 Maddersfield Court—a most delightful old curated manor-house. 1934Webster, Curate v.t. 1969Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 6 June 43/4 All London Zoo's mammals were being curated with tremendous flair. 1972Nature 20 Oct. p. xii (Advt.), Mineralogist to curate the meteorite collection which forms part of the National Collection of minerals, rocks, meteorites and ocean bottom deposits. 1978Amer. Poetry Rev. Nov./Dec. 17/3 A Nest of Hooks reads like a sort of museum, a beautifully curated warehouse of strange and wonderful things. 1985M. Diamond in S. Davies By Gains of Industry 5 We are..conscious of the debt we owe to those who built what we are now privileged to curate. |