| 释义 |
▪ I. crupper, n.|ˈkrʌpə(r)|
Forms: 4 cropere, -ore, -our, -ier, 4–5 -ure, 4–6 croper, 5 croppere, croupere, cruppure, cruper, 5–8 crouper, crowper, 6 cropar, 6–7 cropper, crooper, 7 croaper, (crupyard), 6– crupper.
[a. OF. cropiere (Anglo-Fr. cropere), mod.F. croupière = Pr. cropiera, Sp. gropera, It. groppiera (Rom. type *groppāria, -eria), f. med.L. and It. groppa, Pr. cropa, OF. crope, crupe, mod. croupe: see croup.]
1. A leathern strap buckled to the back of the saddle and passing under the horse's tail, to prevent the saddle from slipping forwards.
c1300K. Alis. 3421 Mony trappe, mony croper, Mony queyntise on armes clere. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xvi, The paytrellys sursenglys and crowpers braste. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §105 Hurte with a saddle, or with a buckle of a croper. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 14 The Preface might have past as well for a Postscript, or the Headstall for a Crooper. 1779Sheridan Critic ii. ii, His accoutrements, from the bit to the crupper. 1876World V. 14 Tight reins, tight cruppers, tight curbs..are the refuges of incompetence.
2. transf. The hind-quarters or rump of a horse; the croup.
[c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T 13 A Male twey⁓foold vpon his croper.] 1591J. Harington Orl. Fur. xlvi. c. (R.), And both gaue strokes so sound, As made both horses cruppers kisse the ground. 1598Florio, Langio, a disease in a horse about the crupper [1611 in a horses crupper]. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 29 They must have taken them up behind them on their horse croppers. 1797Sporting Mag. X. 295 The Crupper, which is round, and reaches from the kidneys to the tail. 1852Th. Ross Humboldt's Trav. I. viii. 283 The mules lowered their cruppers and slid down the steepest slopes.
†b. The rear (of a horse). on the crupper: in the rear, close behind (one's horse). Obs.
1627Lisander & Cal. vi. 98 Cloridon..desirous to get the crupper of his enemie's horse, turned his own speedily. 1721De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 65 The king follows them on the crupper with thirteen troops of horse.
3. The buttocks (of a man). Usually humorous.
1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 71 A close-bellied dublet comming downe..as farre as the crupper. 1630B. Jonson New Inn iii. i, He cuts me a back caper with his heels, and takes me just o' the crupper. 1664Cotton Scarron. 104 There as she sate upon her crupper. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg., Ingol. Penance, The Knight on his crupper Received the first taste of the Father's flagellum.
†b. A hind-quarter, haunch (as a joint of meat). Obs.
1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Mutton, Take a Crupper of..Mutton. Ibid. s.v. Veal, A Quarter or Crupper of Veal.
4. Naut.
a. = crupper-chain: see 5.
b. (See quot. 1867.)
c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 74 The heel of the jib-boom has..a notch for the crupper. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Crupper, the train tackle ring-bolt in a gun⁓carriage.
5. Comb., as † crupper-bone, crupper-compliment, crupper-evil; crupper-cramped, crupper-galled adjs.; crupper-chain, Naut. (see quot. 1882); † crupper-clout, a clout or cloth to cover the posteriors; crupper-dock, -loop, that part of the crupper which passes under the horse's tail.
a1652Brome Queen & Conc. iii. iv, My Back and *Crupper-bone is out of joynt. 1882Syd. Soc. Lex., Crupper bone, the coccyx.
1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 13 *Crupper chain, a chain passed round the bowsprit and the heel of jib-boom to secure the latter down in its saddle.
1647Stapylton Juvenal xiv. 665 [He] puts about His naked middle a cold *crupper-clout.
1630B. Jonson New Inn iii. i, I love no *crupper-compliments. [He had just received a kick on the posteriors.]
1641Brome Jov. Crew iii. Wks. 1873 III. 395, I am..so *crupper-crampt with our hard lodging.
1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) II. 133 The *Crupper-dock is mostly stuffed with a tallow candle to make it easy for the horse's tail.
1611Cotgr., Le mal de cropion, the Rumpe-euill or *Crupper-euill.
1689Lond. Gaz. No. 2486/4 A dark-brown Horse..*Crupper-galled.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. s.v. Crupper, The rounded portion EB is the *crupper-loop.
▪ II. ˈcrupper, v.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To furnish with a crupper, put a crupper upon.
1787‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen (1809) 33 Sent on a Sunday into Hyde Park, crupper'd up as tight as need be. 1803Sporting Mag. XXI. 219 So caparisoned, bitted..and cruppered. |