| 释义 |
‖ spina|ˈspaɪnə|
[L. spīna spine n.1]
1. The backbone. Now only Path. in spina bifida, a congenital malformation of widely varying severity in which there is a failure of one or more vertebræ to surround completely the meninges and spinal cord, usu. with effects on spinal cord function. [mod.L. (N. Tulpius Observationes Medicæ (1641) iii. 233, 235).]
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 167 Þese boones bineþe þe necke is clepid þe rigge ouþer spina. 1674Grew Anat. Pl., Disc. Mixture (1682) 249 The Spina of a Fish (that which I used was of a cod-fish) maketh a Bullition one degree higher. 1720Phil. Trans. XXXI. 100 These Tumours constantly attend the Spina Bifida. 1740Ibid. XLIII. 11 A perfect Spina bifida must suppose the very canal and Medulla spinalis to divide into Two Branches. 1800T. V. Okes (title), An Account of Spina Bifida. 1829Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) V. 412 In spina bifida, the fluid is always within the dura mater of the cord. 1853J. Erichsen Science & Art of Surgery xliv. 631 Spina bifida may be met with in any part of the vertebral column. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 256 A spina bifida is essentially a hernia of the membranes of the cord through an opening in the spine. 1885Trans. Clin. Soc. London XVIII. 361 Lastly, this examination serves to complete the refutation of the view..that spina bifida in the great majority of cases is due to a dropsy of the central canal of the cord. 1887Lancet 2 July 4/2 The term ‘spina bifida occulta’ is applied to a defect in the arches of the vertebræ such as occurs in the commoner forms of spina bifida, but no tumour or cyst appears externally. The deformity is, however, accompanied by some remarkable external conditions. 1965E. D. Smith Spina Bifida i. 5/1 In 1875, Virchow, who introduced the term ‘spina bifida occulta’, used it to describe a spina bifida in association with lumbosacral hypertrichosis. 1966[see meningo-myelocele s.v. meningo-]. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxxvi. 9/1 Spina bifida is an incomplete vertebral arch. When this bony defect is covered with skin and fascia it is usually symptomless, and is called spina bifida occulta.
†2. spina ventosa: (see quots.). Obs.
1693tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), Spina Ventosa, an Ulceration in which the Bones are eaten by a malignant Humour without any Pain. 1746Phil. Trans. XLIV. 199 This Distemper was found to be a Spina ventosa, or Cariosity in the Body of the Os Humeri, whereby about four Inches of the solid Bone had been destroyed. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v., In the spina ventosa the caries, or erosion of the bone, is occasioned by a depravity of the contained fluids.
3. Rom. Antiq. The barrier running up the middle of a Roman circus.
1766Smollett Trav. xxxii. II. 131 A good part of this was taken up by the spina, or middle space, adorned with temples, statues, and two great obelisks. 1832W. Gell Pompeiana I. vi. 103 The spina or perhaps the goal is also visible. 1842Smith's Dict. Gr. & Rom. Antiq. 230/1 At each extremity of the spina were placed..three wooden cylinders. |