| 释义 |
‖ spiculum|ˈspɪkjʊləm|
Pl. spicula.
[a. L. spīculum sharp point, sting, dart, etc., dim. of spīca spike n.]
1. = spicula 1 and 1 b.
1746R. James Moufet's Health Improv. 32 Another Class of Medicines.. consists of such Substances as sheath the Spicula, or sharp Points of the Acid. 1839Darwin Voy. Nat. xvii. 398 We were enveloped in a cloud which was falling under the form of minute frozen spicula. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 119 Composed of minute spicula of ice.
transf. and fig.1840Fraser Koordistan, etc. II. vi. 146 The wind was..loaded with spicula of cold, which penetrated every limb and joint. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 317 His style lustrous with points and shooting spicula of thought.
2. Zool. A sharp-pointed process or formation.
1762tr. Büsching's Syst. Geog. I. 236 Some whales have Spicula in their jaws, as those of Greenland, the Nordcaper, the Fin Fish. 1844Emerson Ess., Nature (1901) 313 It publishes itself in creatures, reaching from particles and spicula..to the highest symmetries. 1856–8W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. I. 78 Crowded with microscopic calcareous spicula. 1859J. Tomes Dental Surg. (1873) 5 Projecting inwards from the free edge of the outer and inner alveolar walls, we observe small spicula.
b. The excitatory dart in snails.
1838Penny Cycl. XII. 105/2 Dr. Maton often observed these spicula, but never saw them actually projected from one to the other. 1856–8W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. I. 190 Male genital organ a double spiculum. 1866R. Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 119 The snails are furnished with spicula—crystalline darts, which they eject at each other.
3. One of the calcareous or siliceous needles found in sponges. Usu. in pl.
1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 376/1 The calcareous and silicious spicula, and the formation and distribution of the pores and orifices of sponges. 1865Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 266 These spicula or needles..make up the firm portion of the Sponge. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 114 A multitude of separate spicula, composed of an animal substance..impregnated with carbonate of lime.
attrib.1883W. Saville-Kent Fisheries Bahamas 33 In a third group, that of the Calcispongiæ, a spicula skeleton is likewise developed.
4. = spicula 4.
1872Mivart Anat. 116 The malar bone may be merely a delicate spiculum of bone. 1874G. Lawson Dis. Eye (ed. 2) 68 To detect a fine spiculum of steel, or a fragment of glass,..which may have been impacted on the cornea. |