| 释义 |
spermato-|ˈspɜːmətəʊ|
repr. Gr. σπερµατο-, combining form of the stem of σπέρµα sperm n., employed in a large number of terms (chiefly of recent origin) relating to the reproductive organs or activities of animals and plants.
Some of these are employed only in L. forms, as spermatocystidium, -cystis, -cystitis, etc., and others have had very little currency even in special works. A number have alternative forms in sperma- or spermo-.
1. In terms denoting special reproductive organs, or parts of these, as ˈspermatoblast, spermato-cyst, spermato-gemma, spermato-gone, spermato-mere, spermato-spore; spermatocyte, a cell which gives rise to spermatids by meiosis; the primary spermatocyte gives rise in meiosis I to two secondary spermatocytes, which each give rise in meiosis II to two spermatids; spermatogonium, (a) Bot. (see quot. 1957); (b) Zool., a primordial male reproductive cell which undergoes mitosis and gives rise to primary spermatocytes.
Some of these are the source of adj. forms, as spermatoblastic, spermato-cystic, spermato-gonial, spermato-gonic, etc.
1882Imp. Dict. IV. 155/1 *Spermatoblast,..certain stalk⁓like filaments in the seminal ducts upon which the spermatozoa are developed. 1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 412/1 To the whole prolongation with its lobes he [Von Ebner] applies the term spermatoblast.
1884Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 61 The first stages in the development of the *spermatocyst of Hydra.
1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 412/2 One kind..divide into a mass or spermatogemma of small cells (*spermatocytes). 1920Spermatocyte [see oogonium 2]. 1959[see spermatogonium below]. 1970Spermatocyte [see oocyte].
1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 413/1 The *spermatogemma meanwhile is developing a central cavity.
1898A. S. Packard Text-bk. Entomol. 499 A colossal cell,..the *spermatogone, from which the entire contents of the testes originate.
1902Biol. Bull. III. 44 In the case of the accessory chromosome, it has been found advantageous to trace its course through the *spermatogonial divisions in Brachystola, and through the spermatocyte changes in Hippiscus. 1976Nature 22 Jan. 209/1 After 600 rad of X rays, the mean spermatogonial mutation rate was one-third that of the 7-locus mean.
1861Bentley Man. Bot. 384 The spermagonia or *spermatogonia [in Lichens] were first discovered by Tulasne. 1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 412/2 One kind, resembling young ovules, which he [Von La Valette St. George] terms primitive seminal cells or spermatogonia. 1957Snell & Dick Gloss. Mycol. 144/2 Spermatogonium, the proper form for what is called ‘spermogonium’.., but seldom used. 1959W. Andrew Textbk. Compar. Histol. xii. 490 [In fishes] spermatogenesis consists of the same general cytological stages as in the invertebrates: namely, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. 1968Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xxxvii. 27/2 Spermatogonia show little sign of activity until puberty when they begin to multiply rapidly. 1970[see oogonium]. 1974Sci. Amer. Sept. 56/3 In the course of spermatogenesis the two important objectives are reduction of the chromosome number from the diploid number (46) of the spermatogonium to the haploid number (23) of the spermatozoon and the preparation of the spermatozoon for its role in fertilization.
1886Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XXVI. 597 The region where the spermatogonia are formed at the expense of their mother-cells or *spermatomeres.
2. In some other ns. and adjs. with second elements of obvious meaning, as spermatoˈspore; spermatoˈphoral, spermato-ˈphorous, spermato-ˈpœic, spermato-ˈrrhœa, adjs. Also, spermatoˈcidal a. = spermicidal a.; ˈspermatocide = spermicide; spermatoˈgenesis, the formation and development of spermatozoa (cf. spermiogenesis); so spermatogeˈnetic, spermato-ˈgenic, adjs., spermatoˈgenically adv.; spermaˈtology, † (a) a treatise on sperm; (b) the scientific study of sperm.
1928Funk's Stand. Dict. 2337/3 *Spermatocidal, checking or killing the motor-power of spermatozoa. 1937Spermatocidal [see chinosol].
1949New Gould Med. Dict., *Spermatocide.
1881Athenæum 11 June 787/1 M. Mathias Duval on *spermatogenesis. 1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 412/1 The process of spermatogenesis in the Bull, Dog, and Rabbit. 1978P. J. Hogarth Biol. Reproduction ii. 11 The final phase of spermatogenesis in the testes is known as spermiogenesis.., and consists of the progressive conversion, without division, of the spermatids into functional spermatozoa. 1980Spermatogenesis [see spermiogenesis].
1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 412/1 Ascribing *spermatogenetic functions both to the spermatoblasts and to the round cells.
1880Allman in Linn. Soc. Jrnl., Zool. XV. 136 These I regard as the remains of the *spermatogenic tissue.
1980Nature 10 Apr. 548/1 *Spermatogenically active testes.
1833Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. II. 312/2 *Spermatology, a treatise on sperm. 1851Dunglison Med. Lex., Spermatology, a treatise on sperm. 1970B. A. Afzelius in B. Baccetti Compar. Spermatol. 568 In spite of the great efforts to solve the problems in comparative spermatology we find ourselves confronted with more questions than answers. 1976T. Sharpe Wilt iv. 32 He got the Nobel prize for spermatology.
1886Howes & Scott Huxley's Pract. Biol. 291 The *spermatophoral gland or flagellum.
1851Dunglison Med. Lex., *Spermatophorous, sperm-bearing. The cells or granules in the sperm have been so called.
1799Monthly Rev. XXX. 521 A curious restorative and *spermatopoeic sugar-candy of the Japanese.
1858Mayne Expos. Lex. 1180/2 *Spermatorrhœa,..seminal flux. 1879T. Bryant Pract. Surg. II. 226 Spermatorrhœa doubtless exists as a disease although rare.
1880Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 83 The term *spermatospore..is applied to the constituent cells of a testis, derived from the primitive germ-epithelium. |