| 释义 |
platinum|ˈplætɪnəm|
[mod.L., altered by Bergman (followed by Davy), from platina, in conformity with the names of other metals in -um.]
1. a. A somewhat rare metal (at first named platina), of a white colour like silver but less bright, very heavy, ductile, and malleable, unaffected by all simple acids, and fusible only at an extremely high temperature; used chiefly in chemical and other scientific processes. Chemical symbol Pt.
1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 448 The ores of platinum are very rare; they have been found only in South America and in Spain. Ibid. 449 Platinum was first described as a peculiar metal by Dr. Lewis, in 1754. 1827N. Arnott Physics I. 10 Platinum can be drawn into wire much finer than human hair. 1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. xiv. (ed. 3) 123 In Russia platinum has been employed for coin. 1838J. L. Stephens Trav. Russia 83/1 The largest piece of platinum in existence, from the mines of Demidoff, weighing 10 pounds, is here also [Hotel des Mines, St. Petersburg]. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 665 The unalterability of platinum at high temperatures, and its power of resisting the action of most chemical agents, render it extremely useful for the construction of crucibles, evaporating dishes, forceps for blowpipe experiments, etc.
b. A greyish white colour like that of platinum.
1923Daily Mail 1 Aug. 2 In the following colours: Black, White,..Suede, Platinum and Champagne. 1951E. Paul Springtime in Paris xvi. 313 Looking pensively down at the moving river surface, ebony and indigo. The moon, coming out thinly.., contributed platinum. 1976Milton Keynes Express 11 June 38/2 (Advt.), 1974, ‘M’ Vauxhall Victor 2300 Auto Saloon. Finished in platinum, fitted wing mirrors, radio.
c. = platinum fox, sense 2 c below.
1948A. L. Rand Mammals Eastern Rockies 105 Various other ‘varieties’ [of red fox] have been developed on fur farms, including the platinums and various white⁓spotted phases.
2. attrib.
a. Made or consisting of platinum.
1840Penny Cycl. XVI. 40/1 Heated in a platinum spoon it [balsam of Peru] burns with a white smoke. 1842Parnell Chem. Anal. (1845) 330 Heated to redness in an open platinum crucible. 1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 22 The experiment was made with a platinum wire. 1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. vi. (ed. 4) 206 A particle..of the cultivation from agar is taken on a platinum point.
b. Of, related to, containing, or combined with platinum; as platinum compounds, platinum ore, platinum salts; with names of other metals, denoting alloys, as platinum-iridium, platinum-steel; also platinum-black, a black powder resembling lampblack, consisting of platinum in a finely-divided state; platinum-blue [tr. G. platinblau (Hofmann & Bugge 1908, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XLI. 312)], any of a class of dark blue polymeric complexes, a number of which have antitumour activity, which are formed by divalent platinum with amide ligands; orig. spec. one formed with acetamide; platinum-lamp, an incandescent lamp having the filament made of platinum; platinum metals, name for the class of metals comprising platinum and certain others associated with it (see platinoid B. 1); platinum sponge, a grey amorphous form of platinum which is obtained as spongy masses on heating ammonium chloroplatinate and is used as a catalyst; platinum-zinc a., formed of plates alternately of platinum and zinc, as a voltaic cell.
1854J. Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sc., Chem. 511 The substance termed *platinum black furnishes the metal in a condition of still more minute division. 1878Abney Photogr. 157 The prints produced by this [platinum] process are exceedingly beautiful, and, as platinum black forms the image, they may be considered as being far more permanent than a silver print.
1908Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XCIV. i. 141 (heading) *Platinum-Blue. 1964Ibid. 2835 Platinum Blue is very soluble in water, methanol, and dimethylformamide from which it can be crystallised by the addition of dichloromethane. 1975Cancer Chemotherapy Rep. i. LIX. 296/1 We tentatively conclude from these early results that the ‘platinum blues’ may have activity against a broad spectrum of tumors. 1976Cancer Res. XXXVI. 3822/1 Platinum⁓uracil blue and platinum-thymine blue are prototype examples of platinum-blue complexes which have been shown to have a higher therapeutic index against ascites Sarcoma 180.
1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 669 All *platinum-compounds are reduced to spongy platinum in the inner flame [of the blowpipe].
1901Brit. Med. Jrnl. No. 2095 Epit. Med. Lit. 32 The author recommends electrolysis with a *platinum-iridium needle.
1865Watts Dict. Chem. III. 974 Ruthenium and osmium differ from the other *platinum-metals in the degree of their oxidisability.
1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. 247 Analysis of *platinum ore, containing, besides platinum, ruthenium,..osmium,..iridium,..palladium,..rhodium,..copper, and iron.
1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 671 From most *platinum-salts alkalis throw down basic double salts.
1826W. Henry Elem. Exper. Chem. (ed. 10) I. vii. 355 Into a mixture of carbonic oxide with a larger proportion of the explosive mixture, the *platinum sponge cannot be introduced without causing detonation. 1894G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. iii. xiv. 644 This action is more rapid in the case of platinum sponge, when a larger surface is brought into play, and a fragment of this material introduced into a detonating mixture of oxygen and hydrogen at once determines its explosion. 1968A. A. Baker Unsaturation in Org. Chem. ix. 125 In 1838 Frederic Kuhlmann produced ammonia by heating a mixture of nitric oxide and hydrogen in the presence of platinum sponge.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Platinum-steel, steel alloyed with 1/110 part of platinum. It is said not to be quite so hard as silver steel, but tougher.
1878Abney Photogr. (1881) 157 Pictures may be obtained by means of *platinum tetrachloride, mercuric chloride, and potassium dichromate, &c., though greater exposure with these is necessary.
1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 263 As copper is a better conductor of Electricity than platinum, a copper-zinc circuit ought to be more efficacious than a *platinum-zinc circuit, which is contrary to fact.
c. Platinum or platinum-blonde (see below) in colour, as platinum hair, platinum lace; esp. of animals or their fur, as platinum coney, platinum fox, platinum mink; also platinum-grey; platinum blond(e) a., (of the hair) silvery-blonde in colour; (of a person) having silvery-blonde hair; also as n., a person, esp. a woman, with platinum-blonde hair.
1931Daily Express 15 Oct. 19/5 (caption) Miss Binnie Barnes, who appears as a *platinum blonde in ‘Cavalcade’, is seen here as a brunette. Nature gave her auburn-red hair. 1934R. Ferguson Celebrated Sequels 264 A costly platinum-blond young man from a famous night-club. 1934F. Stark Valleys of Assassins ii. 187 It was a blue stream, as vivid in that thirsty solitude as a platinum blonde in a monastery. 1942A. Christie Body in Library ii. 24 She had scarlet lips, blackened eyelashes, and a platinum-blonde head. 1966J. S. Cox Illustr. Dict. Hairdressing & Wigmaking 118/1 Platinum blonde, a very fair, silvery hued colour popularized by Jean Harlow, the late curvaceous American film star. 1977Transatlantic Rev. lx. 53 From ten to eleven, no one checked in except a commercial salesman with three suitcases of samples and a middle-aged gent with a platinum blonde.
1923Daily Mail 14 Aug. 1 The wide collar and side panels..are made of the richest pulled *Platinum Coney.
1946A. Christie Hollow viii. 77 The *platinum foxes that swathed her shoulders.
1908Westm. Gaz. 25 Apr. 13/2 Such a suit is a very pleasant idea for the summer. I saw one the other day in a *platinum-grey.
1951Wodehouse Old Reliable xv. 171 This miserable creature, who has probably got *platinum hair and a lisp. 1978D. Francis Trial Run i. 11 Her fine-boned face and thick platinum hair.
1923Daily Mail 20 June 8 In a *platinum lace gown and cape.
1949R. Chandler Little Sister xviii. 117 No big money,..no *platinum mink, no name in neons. 1950‘S. Ransome’ Deadly Miss Ashley i. 12 She was wearing a fur piece... It was platinum mink.
d. Designating a framed platinum gramophone record presented to a popular musician or group whose record has sold at least one million copies. Applied chiefly attrib. and as adv. (to go platinum) to a record which achieves such sales. Cf. gold1 8 a. orig. U.S.
1971New Yorker 21 Aug. 22/3 ‘The ‘Paranoid’ album will be awarded a platinum disc very shortly!’ ‘What's a platinum disc?’ we shouted. ‘When you sell a million units of an album, you get a platinum disc!’ 1977New Musical Express 12 Feb. 3/1 They will also feature their Platinum album ‘Fleetwood Mac’, one of the top U.S. sellers of 1976. 1978Time 18 Sept. 81/3 The Austin sound—redneck rock or progressive country—began crossing over from country to pop charts and racking up sales once scarcely dreamed of in the country field. In the past two years, three such albums have gone platinum, in trade parlance (i.e., sold 1 million copies). 1984Southern Rag No. 22. 13/1 It proceeded to sell two million! Even I didn't see that coming. Year Of The Cat was platinum or gold all over the world. 1985Times 14 Feb. 10/7 Despite a BBC ban Frankie go to No. 1 and stay there for five weeks, going platinum (over a million sales) in March. |