| 释义 |
▪ I. speckle, n.|ˈspɛk(ə)l|
Also 5 spakle, spakkyl, spackyll, specle, 6 speccle, speckil.
[Corresponds to MDu. speckel (Flem. spekel, Du. spikkel): see speck n.1 and -le.]
1. a. A speck, small spot or mark, esp. one occurring on the skin, body, etc.; a natural marking of this nature; a small patch or dot of colour.
c1440Promp. Parv. 467/1 Spakle (S. spakkyl, P. spackyll), scutula. 1495[see speck n.1 1, quots. 1398]. 1530Palsgr. 274/1 Speccle in ones face, lentylle. 1549E. Allen Erasm. Par. Rev. St. John xiii, Like unto a cat of the mountayne with her many speckles and spottes. 1591Spenser Virg. Gnat 250 An huge great Serpent all with speckles pide. 1601Holland Pliny II. 62 With vinegre alone, it [cumin] cureth the blacke spots and speckles appearing in any part of the bodie. a1658Cleveland Wks. (1687) 285 The monstrous Fry Like Serpents with fair Speckles strike the Eye. 1825Scott Talism. xvii, A coat or tabard..made of dressed bull's hide, and stained in the front with many a broad spot and speckle of dull crimson. 1856Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 575/2 The seeds of a grayish colour, with purple speckles.
b. A small or minute object.
1882Blackmore Christowell xvii, The humours of a slippery speckle, just beginning to outgrow a tadpole.
2. a. Speckled colouring, speckling.
1851Hawthorne Ho. Sev. Gables x. 114 She curiously examined..the peculiar speckle of its plumage.
b. A granular appearance seen in images formed by originally coherent light as a result of the interference of waves that have been reflected at a rough surface or have passed through an inhomogeneous medium; also, each of the light or dark areas giving rise to this appearance. Freq. attrib.
1965Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. LV. 247 Exposing photographic film directly to the backscattered radiation confirms the independent existence of the speckles. Ibid. 252/2 Both speckle pattern and diffraction pattern were recorded (photographically) at the same distance from the aperture. 1970A. Labeyrie in Astron. & Astrophysics VI. 85/1 ‘Speckle’ refers to the grainy structure observed when a laser beam is reflected from a diffusing surface... In large telescopes, the image of point stars also features a speckle pattern, due to seeing induced phase fluctuations on the wavefront. 1975T. S. McKechnie in J. C. Dainty Laser Speckle & Related Phenomena iv. 126 We may reduce speckle by simply reducing the coherence of the illumination. 1976Physics Bull. Aug. 357/2 Objects viewed in highly coherent light acquire a peculiar granular appearance. This is the laser speckle phenomenon. 1977McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. 397/1 The size of the speckles is equal to the diffraction-limited resolution limit of the telescope, regardless of the resolution limit determined by the turbulent atmosphere. 1979Nature 5 July p. vii/2 A double laser speckle camera which is used for non-destructive stress, vibration, and flaw analysis of engineering components.
3. attrib. and Comb., as speckle-bellied, speckle-coated, speckle-faced, speckle-starred adjs.; speckle-belly, (slang) a Nonconformist or Dissenter; (U.S.) one or other of various birds or fishes having speckled markings on the abdomen; speckle interferometry, the analysis of speckle in two or more images, differing only in the instant of exposure, as a means of obtaining information about the source of light or the agent that caused the speckle; so speckle-interferometric a.; speckle-wood (see speckled ppl. a. 3 b).
1783Waldron Contin. Ben Jonson's Sad Sheph. 71 This swoll'n and *speckled-bellied toad.
1874Slang Dict. 303 *Specklebellies, Dissenters. A term used in Worcester and the North, though the etymology seems unknown in either place. 1884Coues N. Amer. Birds 684 Anser albifrons gambeli,..Speckle-belly. 1888Trumbull Names Birds 24 Gadwell,..Gray Duck,..is known..at Moriches [in Long Island] as Speckle-Belly. 1891Cent. Dict., Speckle-belly, a trout or char, as the common brook-trout of the United States, Salvelinus fontinalis.
1871Browning Balaust. 1321 Round thy lyre, Phoibos, there danced the *speckle-coated fawn.
1885Bowman Struct. Wool Fibre 85 The Shropshire *Speckle-faced Sheep is a cross breed between the original horned sheep and the Southdown.
1973Astrophysical Jrnl. CLXXXII. l139 *Speckle interferometric techniques are an effective way of obtaining information about small solar features without the problems of lifting large telescopes above the Earth's atmosphere.
1970A. Labeyrie in Astron. & Astrophysics VI. 85 Key words: *speckle interferometry. 1972Sci. Amer. Feb. 106 The technique, known as speckle interferometry, can also be used to map local deformations in stressed mechanical parts. 1973Astrophysical Jrnl. CLXXXII. l139 Speckle interferometry is potentially more powerful than two-aperture Michelson stellar interferometry because the entire aperture is used. 1978Pasachoff & Kutner University Astron. ii. vi. 148 The speckle interferometry technique involves taking photographs of the speckle pattern with very short exposures—on the order of 1/100 second—or using electronic detection devices and then using mathematical techniques and computer assistance to deduce the properties of the starlight that entered the telescope.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 143 Feast-famous Sturgeons, Lampreys *speckle-starr'd.
1619J. Scott Hist. & Descr. Amazones (MS. Bodl. Rawl. A 175) lf. 370 b, They Loaded the Ship with Tobacco, Anotta, and *Specklewood. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag., Penalties & Forfeit. 6 Speckle-wood, Jamaica-wood, Fustick, or any other Dying-wood. 1729Cowley's Voy. 24 The island of Borneo..is plentifully stored with..fine wood, as Speckle-wood and Ebony.
▪ II. † speckle, a. Obs. rare.
Speckled, dappled.
1536MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb., For a spekyll cowe, xv s. iiij d. 1538Ibid., For a spekyll cowe att crystenmes, xv s. iiij d.
▪ III. speckle, v.|ˈspɛk(ə)l|
[f. speckle n. or back-formation from speckled a. Cf. MDu. speckelen, spekelen (WFlem. spekelen, Du. spikkelen).]
1. trans. To mark with, or as with, speckles; to cover or dot (a surface, etc.) after the manner of speckles.
1570Levins Manip. 47 To speckle, maculare. 1611Cotgr., Grivoler, to peckle, or speckle; to spot with diuers colours. 1648Hexham ii, Spickelen, to Speckle, or to Spott. 1708Sewell ii, Bespikkelen, to Speckle. 1780Cowper Progr. Error 83 Dawn appears; the sportsman and his train Speckle the bosom of the distant plain. 1834Pringle Afr. Sk. vi. 201 So numerous were those herds,..they literally speckled the face of the country. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xli, Squads of them might have been seen, speckling with black the public-house entrances. 1854Dickens Hard T. iii. vi, Beautiful shadows of branches flickered upon it, and speckled it.
transf.1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 6449, One wonders how on earth needle-making came to speckle such a scene.
2. intr. To form speckles; to become speckled; to be dotted about like speckles. rare.
1703tr. H. van Oosten's Dutch Gardener iv. ix. 218 If you water them in the Heat of the Sun, the leaves will speckle, and so often lose their Spindel. 1820Clare Poems Rural Life (ed. 2) 209 And moss and ivy speckling on my eye. 1821― Vill. Minstr. II. 15 Every thing shines round me just as then, Mole-hills, and trees, and bushes speckling wild. 1973R. Adams Watership Down ix. 36 As the plants moved in the breeze, the sunlight dappled and speckled back and forth over the brown soil. |