| 释义 |
▪ I. spald
var. spauld, shoulder; spawl, spittle.
▪ II. spald, v. north. and Sc.
Forms: α. 5, 9 spald, 9 spauld. β. 5 spawde, 9 spaud, spaad, spoad.
[ad. MLG. spalden, = obs. WFris. spâlde, MDu. spouden (Du. spouwen; WFris. spoude, spouwe), OHG. spaltan (MHG. and G. spalten), to split. A different grade of the stem is represented by Goth. spilda, ON. speld, spjald, tablet, OE. speld, MHG. and G. dial. spelte splinter.
Eng. dialects have also the n. spald, spaud, corresponding to MLG. spalde and spald (G. spalte, spalt), and the derivative verb spalder, spauder (cf. spalderling), = MLG. spalderen.]
a. trans. To splinter, split, break up, lay open or flat.
b. intr. To go apart, to splay out.
a1400Morte Arth. 3699 Be thane speris whare [= were] spronngene, spalddyd [? in] chippys. c1400Destr. Troy 12692 Þer were spaudit [printed spandit] & spilt in a spase litill, Two hundreth hede schippis in a hond qwile. 1483Cath. Angl. 352/1 To Spawde, dissoluere. Ibid., Spawdyd as a schep (A. Spawdit as a shippe), dissolutus. 1513Douglas æneid xi. ii. 73 [He] oft down fallis spaldit on the erd. Ibid. xii. v. 204 On the erd he spaldit him all flat. 1828–in northern glossaries.
Hence ˈspalding, a split and dried fish, a speldring; spalding-knife, a knife for splitting fish.
1354in Priory of Finchale (Surtees) p. xxxvii, Item j spaldyngknyf. 1776Sempill's Blythsome Bridal in Herd Sc. Songs II. 25 And there will be partens and buckies, And whytens and spaldings enew. 1790Wolcot (P. Pindar) Compl. Ep. to Bruce Ep. Ded. p. ii, Spaldings (alias dried whitings). 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Spaldings, a north-country name for whitings and other small fish, split and dried. Ibid., Spalding-knife, a knife used for splitting fish in Newfoundland. |