| 释义 |
▪ I. nesh, a. (and adv.) Now dial.|nɛʃ|
Forms: α. 1 hnesce, (hnysce, hnisce; nesc, næsc), 2 nexce, neche, 3–5 nesche, nesshe, 4 ness(ss)e, 4–5 nessche, 5–6 neshe; 4–5 nesch, ness(h, 5– nesh. β. 3 neys(se, 4– 5 neische, -sshe, neysshe, (5 -ssche, neyshe), 4 neisch, -ssh, 5 neysch(e, naysch(e, 9 dial. naish, U.S. dial. nish. γ. 5 nassh(e, 6 Sc. nasche, 7, 9 nash, 8 gnash.
[OE. hnesce, = Du. (16th c.) nesch, nisch soft (of eggs), damp, sodden, foolish, Goth. hnasqus soft, tender; the ultimate etym. is unknown.]
1. a. Soft in texture or consistency; yielding easily to pressure or force; in later use esp. tender, succulent, juicy.
αc888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiii. §5 Þæt hnesce & flowende wæter. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xi. 8 Mið hnescum [Rushw. næscum] ᵹerelum ᵹescirped. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 96 Ðeos wyrt..bið hnesceum leafum. Ibid. III. 134 Syle hym etan hnesce æᵹere. c1200Ormin 995 Smeredd wel wiþþ elesæw & makedd fatt & nesshe. a1225Ancr. R. 134 Nest is herd..wiðuten, & wiðinnen nesche & softe. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 75/141 Þe staf wende into þe marbreston, ase it were in nesche sonde. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 614 Mar filthe es nane, hard ne nesshe, Þan es þat comes fra a mans flesshe. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 73 Eyren..nesshe to be suppyd. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 986 Lett hym go to bed, but looke it be soote & nesche. 1546T. Phaer Bk. Childr. (1553) R v, The sinues of a child be verye neshe and tender. 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 529 Bake it hard, and apply it till it wax nesh. 1788Crowe Lewesdon Hill 30 The darker fir, light ash, and the nesh tops Of the young hazel. 1802Fosbrooke Econ. Monastic Life i. vii, Their feathery leaves where nesh Acacias spread. a1834R. Surtees in G. Taylor Mem. (Surtees) 301 The nesh hazles, bending in the blast. 1844W. Barnes Poems Rur. Life Gloss. s.v., This meat is nesh. 1883–in various dialects (chiefly of grass or meat, but also of coal, steel, etc.). 1915R. C. Thompson Pilgr. Scrip 71 The road from the bridge is like an English lane with blackberry hedgerows..and a nesh track for a morning gallop.
Comb.1864W. Barnes in Macm. Mag. Oct. 477 The nesh-bleäded grass, By the young apple-trees.
βc1300Havelok 217 The blod ran of his fleys, Þat tendre was, and swiþe neys. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 429 Harde þinges beeþ bettre wiþstonde wiþ nesche [v.r. naysche] þinges þan with hard. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 195 Fyr..Makith hard thyng neisshe and..Neisshe thyng hard. 1893[see γ].
Comb.1460–70Bk. Quintessence ii. 23 Fleisch of a cok, neysch soden and sotilly brayed.
γ1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xix. liii. 894 Certen moysture cometh at endes of certeyne wode.., as Colophonia and Nassh pitche. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 148 The coal of the upper wallings being generally nasher; i.e. softer and more friable. a1722Lisle Husbandry (1757) 250 The first spring-grass, which was luscious and gnash. 1893Wilts. Gloss., Nash, Naish,..tender and juicy: applied to lettuce.
†b. transf. Not harsh or violent. Obs. rare.
a1225Ancr. R. 192 Ȝe muwen more dreden þe nesche dole þene þe herde of þeos fondunges. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 231 A nesh brekynge and Plesaunte voice tokenyth a..wel y-manerit man. c1440Partonope 6063 That in Armys me shall teche Thought my stroke be hard of nasshe.
c. Damp, moist, wet. rare.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 333 Þe lond is nesche, reyny, and wyndy. 1573Twyne æneid x. Ee j b, Whan by nighttime nesh som blasing star All bloodred sanguine shewes.
2. a. Slack, negligent; lacking in energy or diligence.
c897K. ælfred tr. Gregory's Past. C. lx. 453 Swa he ðone hnescan ðafettere on recceleste ne ᵹebrenge. a1225Ancr. R. 272 Hwon Recabes sunen..ivindeð so unwaker & so nesche ȝeteward. c1290Beket 1589 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 152 For þat þe bischopus bifore me weren to nesche..þe stude⁓fastore i mot beo. 1382Wyclif Prov. xviii. 9 Who is nesshe [v.r. neisch] and dissolut in his werk. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. s.v., 'Er's a nesh piece, 'er dunna do above 'afe a day's work.
b. Timid; wanting in courage; faint-hearted.
1382Wyclif Jer. li. 46 Lest par auenture waxe nesshe [v.r. neische] ȝoure herte, and ȝee drede the heering. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 139 Doghty men and hardy hit makyth lyke women, neshe and feynte. Ibid. 226 Tho..bene nesse of corage an lyke to women. 1841Hamilton Nugæ Lit. 354 Nesh is applied to a cowardly, undecided person.
†3.
a. Tender, mild, gentle, kind; inclined to pity, mercy, or other tender feelings. Obs.
c897K. ælfred tr. Gregory's Past. C. xvii. 126 Sie ðær eac lufu, næs ðeah to hnesce. 971Blickl. Hom. 99 Drihten næfre ne forsyhþ þa eaþmodan heortan ne þa hnescestan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 159 Hit melt of þe neche horte swa deð þe snaw to-ȝeines þe sunne. a1225Ancr. R. 334 Ȝif þu..holdest God to nesche uorto awreken sunne. 1340Ayenb. 153 Riȝtuolnesse is..þet me deþ be dome riȝtuol and trewe, ne to nesssse ne to hard. 1382Wyclif Prov. xv. 1 A nesshe answere brekith wrathe; an hard woord rereth woodnesse. 1470–85Malory Arthur xiii. xx. 641 Neuer woldest thow be maade neysshe nor by water nor by fyre. c1530Crt. of Love 1092 It semeth for love his harte is tender nessh.
†b. Easily yielding to temptation; inclined to lust or wantonness. Obs.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 220 Hnesce on mode to flæsclicum lustum. a1250Owl & Night. 1387 Wymmon is of neysse [v.r. nesche] fleysse, & fleysses lustes is strong to queysse. a1300Cursor M. 8986 Man for to fall in filth o fless, Thoru forme kind þat es sa nesse. 1382Wyclif 1 Cor. vi. 10 Nether auouters, neither neische, neither lecchours of men.
4. a. Tender, delicate, weak; unable to endure fatigue or exposure; susceptible to cold.
The most prevalent sense in mod. dialect use.
αc1000ælfric Gen. xxxiii. 13 Ic hæbbe hnesce litlingas..mid me. c1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 32 Oure hap was hard, our wytt was nesche. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 37 We are all so weake of witte..and our bodie so neshe, that it looketh euer to be cherished. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. i. (1879) 54 This pampering of our bodies makes them weker, tenderer and nesher, than otherwyse they would be. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 294 If the Horse be nesh and tender, and so wax lean without any apparent grief. 1639T. de la Grey Expert Farrier 59 These..are naturally slow, dull, heavy, and nesh or wash of their flesh. 1789Marshall Rur. Econ. Glouc. I. 330 Nesh; the common term, for tender or washy, as spoken of a cow or horse. 1839–52Bailey Festus 334 He..let All rigour do its worst, which only served To harden him, though nothing nesh at first. 1887Hall Caine Deemster vi, Their own little room.., where no fire burned lest they should grow ‘nesh’.
β1925Dialect Notes V. 237 Nish.., delicate. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 299 [Newfoundland] Nish, adj. (1) Tender. (2) Easily injured. 1964L. E. F. English Historic Newfoundland 31 Nish, tender, easily injured.
γ1665–6Phil. Trans. I. 318 If he be (as the Phrase is among Horse-masters) a Nash or Wash-Horse. 1674Ray N.C. Words 34 Nash: Washy, tender, weak, puling. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss. 1860Geo. Eliot Mill on Fl. iv, They're nash things, them lop-eared rabbits.
b. Dainty, fastidious, squeamish.
1839–in various dialects (see Eng. Dial. Dict.). 1848A. B. Evans Leicestersh. Words, Naish, or Nash,..is also used for dainty. ‘A naish feeder’ is said of a horse.
†5. absol. (usually in conjunction with hard.)
a. That which is soft; soft ground; also pl. of persons (quot. c 1330). Obs.
a1000in Thorpe Laws II. 264 æᵹhwæt hnesces oððe heardes, wætes oððe driᵹes. a1000Sal. & Sat. 286 (Gr.) Him on hand gæð heardes & hnesces. c1330Arth. & Merl. 8166 (Kölbing), He hadde wonder of his pruesse, Þat so leyd doun hard & nesse. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1413 Hongyr and calde it semed him aylde, Als he [had] gane thurgh harde and nesche. 1460–70in C. Innes Sketches Early Sc. Hist. (1861) 506 Ascendand up..betwix the hard & the naysch ewyn sowth owr to the burn. 1584Reg. Mag. Sig. 23 Dec., Keipand betuix the nasche and the hard north and northeist.
†b. Mild or gentle treatment. Obs.
c1200Ormin 3734 Mann mihhte himm fon & pinenn Wiþþ hat & kald, wiþþ nesshe & harrd. a1225Ancr. R. 352 Þe deade nis nan more..of herd þen of nesche, vor he ne iueleð nouðer. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 606 Queþer-so-euer he dele nesch oþer harde. c1375xi. Pains of Hell 166 in O.E. Misc. 227 Þei soffred harde and noþing nessche. 1417in Rymer Fœdera (1709) IX. 435/1 Thys two, my Lordys wylle abyde harde and nesche all weyes.
†c. in nesh and hard, etc., under all or any circumstances. Obs.
c1200Ormin 14828 To wurrþenn herrsumm till þin Godd Inn harrd, i nesshe, & æfre. c1330Arth. & Merl. 2961 (Kölbing), In Nesse, in hard.., In al stedes þou him avowe. 1390Gower Conf. II. 284 Lihtere is to fle the flint Than gete of him in hard or neisshe Only the value of a reysshe.
†d. So for nesh or hard, etc. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 228 A letter þis fole tok, bad him for nessh or hard þeron suld no man loke. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 17454 Holde we to-gedur for hard or nesche. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 33 Feyre hony do into hit..Too fyngurs thyke for harde or nesshe. a1460Lybeaus Disc. 1573 No kniȝht for nesche ne hard,..Ne geteþ her non ostell.
†6. adv. Softly, gently, tenderly. Obs. rare.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8964 Þis gode mold..wess þe meseles vet..& wipede is nessce afterward. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 732 Hit had of thre norices keping;..The child was keped tendre an nessche.
▪ II. nesh, v. Now dial.|nɛʃ|
Forms: 1 hnescian, hnexian, 3–5 neschen, (5 -yn, 4 neischen, naisschen), nesshen, (4 nhessen, ness-, neyss-), 9 dial. nesh, naish.
[OE. hnescian, f. hnesce nesh a. Cf. mod.Flem. neschen to wet.]
†1. intr. To become soft. Obs.
c897K. ælfred tr. Gregory's Past. C. xxxvii. 271 Se hearda stan..hnescað onᵹean ðæt liðe blod. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 202 Hnescað se swile sone & ᵹebersteþ innan. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 331/286 Huy nescheden ase doth wex aȝein þe fuyre. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxvi. (Bodl. MS.), Thyse treen brenneþ nouȝt in fire noþer naisscheþ in water. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 31 Now es na herte sa herde þat it na moghte nesche.
†2. trans. To make soft. Obs.
c1000ælfric Gram. (Z.) 191 Mollio, ic hnexiᵹe. a1100Eadwine's Canterb. Ps. liv. 22 Hy hnescodon spreca here ofer ele. c1200Ormin 1549 Þu brekesst wel þin corn & grindesst itt & nesshesst. a1300E.E. Psalter liv. 22 Nesched als oyle his saghs bene. 1340Ayenb. 94 God þe uader, huanne he nhesseþ þe herte and makeþ zuete and tretable. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 68 Iys and leed..ben neischid aȝein by hoot. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 190 Loue of women..nesshyth a manes herte. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 113 Nesh not your Wombe by drinking ymmoderatly.
3. dial. with it. To turn faint-hearted; to draw back; to ‘funk’ it.
1881–in dialect glossaries, etc. (Yks., Chesh., Derby, Staff., Leic.).
Hence ˈneshing vbl. n.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. clxvii. (1495) 907 The vertue of nesshynge nouryssheth by heete and by moysture. |