| 释义 |
counterscarp, n.|ˈkaʊntəskɑːp|
Forms: 6–7 counterscarf(e, (6 -scharfe, 7 -scarph, -skarfe, contrescarp(e, contrascarpe), 6–9 counterscarpe, 6– counterscarp.
[ad. F. contrescarpe (in Rabelais 1550), ad. It. contrascarpa, f. contra- opposite + scarpa slope of a wall, etc., scarp.]
1. Fortif. The outer wall or slope of the ditch, which supports the covered way; sometimes extended to include the covered way and glacis.
1571Digges Pantom. i. xxv. H b, Scaling laders that shall reache from the brym of the ditch or edge of the counterscarfe, to the top of the wal or curtein. 1618Bolton Florus ii. xviii. (1636) 152 Scipio..hemming them round within trench and counterscarph. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v., By this term is often understood, the whole Covertway with its Parapet and Glacis. And so it is to be understood, when 'tis said The Enemy lodged themselves on the Counterscarp. 1709Steele Tatler No. 41 ⁋9 General Schuylemburgh had made a Lodgment on the Counterscarp of the Tenaille. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 196 The trenches were..brought close to the counterscarp of the ditch.
2. transf. and fig.
1615Crooke Body of Man 61 The fleshy Membrane as an avant Mure or inward counter-scarfe, is ordained as a secret defence. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. xi. (1653) 182 Defended by the counter skarfe of the lips. 1774Pennant Tour Scot. in 1772, 27 A secure counterscarp from the rage of the Sea. 1837Howitt Rur. Life i. vii. (1862) 72 Bastions and counterscarps of clipped yew and variegated holly.
3. attrib.
1670Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 376 The counter-scarf towers. 1828J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 353 Counter⁓scarpe revêtements.
Hence ˈcounterscarp v. trans., to provide or defend with a counterscarp: also fig.
1611Florio, Contrascarpare, to counterskarfe. 1648tr. Senault's Par. Job 392 [Rocks] counter-skarfed and encompassed with Praecipices. |