| 释义 |
▪ I. cottage|ˈkɒtɪdʒ|
Forms: 4–6 cotage, 5– cottage.
[app. a. AF. *cotage, in latinized form cotagium, f. cota cote1, cot1. The force of the suffix was prob. to denote a cot and its appurtenances, a cottage tenement; but no distinct evidence of this is quoted. Mod.F. cottage is from Eng. OF. had cotage as a term of feudal law in the sense of base tenure (tenure roturière, Godef.), and the rent paid for a tenement so held. Cf. the following:
Ashmole MS. 837 (17th c.) art. viii. fol. 162 An Esquire..is he that in times past was Costrell to a knight..whereof euery knight had twoe at the least [in] attendance upon him, in respect of the fee, For they held their land of the knight by Cottage, as the knight held his of the king by knight service.]
1. A dwelling-house of small size and humble character, such as is occupied by farm-labourers, villagers, miners, etc.
Historically the term is found first applied to the dwelling-places or holdings which under the feudal system were occupied by the cottars, cottiers, cotsets, or coterells, and by the labourers of a farmstead; dwellings for the labouring classes in rural and urban districts were, under this name, the subject of various legal enactments, such as 31 Eliz. c. 7, 15 Geo. III, c. 32, etc., and, when under a certain rental, were exempted from paying church-rate, poor-rate, etc.; with the disappearance of legal regulations and exemptions, and under the influence of 4, the term has become more vague in its application.
[a1272Charter in Kennett Par. Antiq. I. 432 Et non habentur ibidem nisi tria cotagia. 13..Extenta Manerii Statutes I. 242 Item inquirendum est de Coterellis que cotagia & Curtulagia teneant, per quod servicium & quantum reddant per annum pro predictis Cotagiis & Curtulagiis.] c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 2 A poure wydwe..Was whilom dwellyng in a narwe cotage. c1450Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 576 Cotagium, a cotage, or a cot. 1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 37 §5 Too Cotages or Meses wyth Howses & Wharfes..in Stepeney. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 2 Nothynge he hadde to conforte him in age Save a melche cow, & a poore cotage. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 440 Thys yere, of an evill favoured olde house or cotage was the Guyldhall in London buylded and finished. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. ii. 15. 1614 Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 166 Kings use not to dwell in Cottages of clay. 1641Termes de la Ley 91 By a Statute made in the 31. yeare of Queene Eliz. cap. 7. no man may at this day build such a Cottage for habitation, unlesse hee lay unto it foure acres of freehold land, except in Market-townes, or Cities, or within a mile of the sea, or for habitation of labourers in Mines, Saylers, Foresters, Sheepeheards, &c. 1722De Foe Relig. Courtsh. i. ii. (1840) 59 'Tis a sorry thief would rob a cottage. 1776Kent Hints Gentlem. (in Gwilt Archit. §3005), We..are apt to look upon cottages as incumbrances and clogs to our property, when, in fact, those who occupy them are the very nerves and sinews of agriculture. 1872E. Peacock Mabel Heron II. i. 4 Mrs. Heron took her round to all the labourers' cottages.
†2. A small temporary erection used for shelter; a cot, hut, shed, etc. Obs.
1535Coverdale Isa. i. 8 Y⊇ doughter of Syon is left alone like a cotage [so 1611; 1885 booth] in a vynyearde. 1538Leland Itin. V. 83 In the farther Side of hit I saw ii veri poore Cotagis for Somer Dayres for Catel. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 165 The servants of Mutezuma made cotages of straw for the Tamemez or carriers. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 161 Mooving houses, built upon wheels like a shepperds cottage. 1796H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 344 Sometimes I endeavoured to make the savages of my cottage comprehend that I had lost a friend.
3.
†a. transf. and fig. A small or humble dwelling-place; the cell of a bee, etc. clay cottage or earthen cottage: the ‘earthly tabernacle’ of the body. Obs.
1574T. Hill Ord. Bees vi, They frame by a marveilous skill and cunning their cottages of wax. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 228 The litle pretie Ant couching closely in her countrie cotage. 1624–7Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 205 We..may be turned out of these clay cottages at any hours warning. 1650Weldon Crt. Jas. I (1651) 123 Surely never so brave parts, and so base and abject a spirit tenanted together in any one earthen cottage. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. 189 This narrow cottage of a world.
b. A public lavatory or urinal. slang (now only in homosexual usage).
1909in Ware Passing Eng. 1966Observer 6 Nov. 24/3 The private, witty Cockney dialect of the queer bars and ‘cottages’. 1968Guardian 12 Aug. 6/3 Wakefield's answer to Danny La Rue trips out of a little hutch at the side of the stage labelled ‘Ye Olde Camp Cottage’.
4. a. ‘The term cottage has for some time past been in vogue as a particular designation for small country residences and detached suburban houses, adapted to a moderate scale of living, yet with all due attention to comfort and refinement. While, in this sense of it, the name is divested of all associations with poverty, it is convenient, inasmuch as it frees from all pretension and parade and restraint’ (Penny Cycl. Supp. (1845) I. 426). In this sense, the appellation cottage orné (cottage ornée) was in vogue, when picturesqueness was aimed at.
1765Walpole Corr. 23 Aug., My new cottage..is to have nothing Gothic about it, nor pretend to call cousins with the mansion-house. 1781Greville Diary 11 Aug. (1930) 23 The Queen alighted at Dropmore Hill, the Cottage Orné which was at this time advertised for Sale by Mr Christie. 1820Southey Devil's Walk, A cottage with a double coach-house, A cottage of gentility. 1825C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 318 A variety of incongruous edifices called villas and cottage ornées. 1830Marryat King's Own xxix, The cottage-ornée (as all middle-sized houses with verandas and French windows are now designated). 1876Gwilt Encycl. Archit. §3001 The cottage orné, as it is called..The only point to be attended to, after internal comfort has been provided for, is to present picturesque effect in the exterior. 1962A. Jobson Window in Suffolk vii. 111 It was a sort of cottage orné of the J. C. Loudon type.
b. In U.S. spec. A summer residence (often on a large and sumptuous scale) at a watering-place or a health or pleasure resort: see cottager c.
1882Nation (N.Y.) 7 Sept. 196 The shore of Frenchman's Bay..begins to be dotted with these attempts at ‘cottage life.’..Cottages are rising on all the favourable sites in the neighborhood of Bar Harbor.
c. A house which has only one storey. Austral.
1898in Morris Austral Eng. 1904D. Sladen Playing the Game i. ix. 85 What rich Melbourne people call a cottage—a cottage with a ball-room and billiard-room, and enough bedrooms to take a good slice out of an acre. 1913W. K. Harris Outback in Australia xxiii. 157 About a score of cottages for the blacks. 1923D. H. Lawrence Kangaroo ii. 22 More ‘cottages’; that is, bungalows of corrugated iron or brick.
5. Short for cottage piano.
1880Daily News 7 Oct. 4/3 D'Almaine's pianos..Trichord cottages, from hire or taken in exchange, {pstlg}10 to {pstlg}12. 1883Ibid. 11 Sept. 7/4 Moore and Moore's iron pianofortes. Cottages from 36 Guineas.
6. attrib. and Comb., as cottage architecture, cottage child, cottage door, cottage eaves, cottage farm, cottage garden, cottage girl, cottage nook, cottage room, cottage woman, etc.; cottage-born, cottage-rousing, adjs.; cottage allotment, a small plot of land let out to a cottager, esp. an agricultural labourer, for cultivation (see allotment 4); cottage bonnet, a woman's bonnet of a shape fashionable in the first half of the 19th c., and seen in early portraits of Queen Victoria; cottage chair, a simple form of folding chair; cottage cheese (orig. U.S.), a soft white cheese; cottage farming, farming on a small scale, spade husbandry; so cottage farmer; cottage home, a home in the form of a cottage; also, a benevolent institution (see quots.); cottage hospital, a small hospital, in a cottage or similar building, and without a resident medical staff, provided for the wants of a small community; also, a hospital arranged on the principle of having a number of detached cottages or buildings; cottage industry, one partly or wholly carried out in the home; † cottage lecture, a religious address delivered by a cleric in the home of a layman; cottage loaf, a loaf of bread formed of two rounded masses of dough, the smaller stuck on the top of the larger; also attrib., denoting something shaped like a cottage loaf; cottage organ U.S., a small reed-organ; cottage piano, a small upright piano; cottage pie, a dish of minced beef baked under mashed potatoes; also loosely, = shepherd's pie s.v. shepherd n. 8 b; cottage style, a style of book-binding in which the edges of a rectangular panel on the cover of a book slope away to create the effect of a roof or gable, prevalent in the late seventeenth century.
1837Penny Cycl. VIII. 88/2 The object of *cottage allotments is to increase the resources of the labourer.
1798J. Malton (title), An Essay on British *Cottage Architecture..comprising Dwellings for the Peasant and Farmer, and Retreats for the Gentleman.
1826Miss Mitford Village Ser. ii. (1863) 425 A sudden puff of wind took at once my *cottage-bonnet. 1849C. Brontë Shirley xiii, The little cottage bonnet and the silk scarf.
1741Richardson Pamela III. 207 Such a Girl as this, *Cottage-born. 1827Keble Chr. Y. 3rd Epiph., Thou here didst sojourn, Cottage-born.
1848*Cottage-cheese [see smear-case]. 1874‘S. Coolidge’ What Katy did at School i. 13 The bread was excellent, and so were the cottage cheeses and the stewed quince. 1936J. Gibbens Care of Children ii. 15 Cream cheese and cottage cheese..can be given on biscuits or in sandwiches to quite young children. 1958Sunday Times 27 Apr. 22/3 Milk curd cheese, or cottage cheese as it is now sometimes called.
1805Wordsw. Prelude vii. Wks. (1888) 285/2 A *cottage-child—if e'er, By *cottage-door on breezy mountain-side..was seen a babe, By Nature's gifts so favoured. 1857Mrs. Gatty Parables fr. Nat. Ser. ii. (ed. 9) 12 Cottage children were sent to fetch water.
1827Hood Mids. Fairies xvii, Like jagged icicles at *cottage eaves.
1795C. Middleton (title), Picturesque and Architectural Views for *Cottage Farm-Houses and Country Villas.
c1842E. J. Lance (title) The *Cottage Farmer.
1859Thackeray Virgin. i, The *Cottage-gables glared in sunshine.
1849C. Brontë Shirley III. xiv. 314, I can line yonder barren Hollow with lines of cottages, and rows of *cottage-gardens. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-Bk. 177 A very prolific variety of kale or winter greens; much grown in cottage gardens.
1725Thomson Winter 89 The *cottage hind Hangs o'er the enlivening blaze.
a1835Mrs. Hemans Homes of Eng. v, The *cottage homes of England! In thousands on her plains. 1873Young Englishwoman Apr. 171/2 This really grand scheme of benevolence will comprise..thirty Cottage Homes..providing shelter, support, and needful education for three hundred girls. 1878J. P. Hopps Life Jesus ii. 9 In their little cottage-home. 1882S. A. Barnett in H. Barnett Canon S. A. B. (1918) I. xi. 124 Mrs. Barnett..opened a Cottage Home in which they spend three months before going into service.
1860Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 303 The establishment of a ‘*Cottage Hospital’. 1890Abingdon Directory, The Cottage Hospital..is arranged in two stories, the ground floor comprising two large and two small wards, dispensary, nurses' room, kitchen and laundry, and the upper floor a convalescent room and matron's servants' rooms.
1921B. Ellis Gloves 72 For generations now the sewing of gloves has been conducted largely as a *cottage industry. 1955Atlantic Monthly Jan. 17/1 Cottage industry—especially wood-carving, soap⁓making, and iron and brass foundry—has engaged the special attention of the local villagers. 1955Times 3 Sept. 5/2 Mr. Nanda in his report to Congress does not believe that cottage industries can either reduce unemployment or satisfy normal consumer demands. 1964A. Adburgham Shops & Shopping i. 11 Hosiery continued to be a cottage industry longer than any other outworkers' trade except gloves.
1845G. J. Mountain Jrnl. 200 At the request of an individual who opened his house for the purpose, one..of the Missionaries went down..once a fortnight to hold a *Cottage Lecture, which was usually attended by about thirty of the inhabitants. 1858Geo. Eliot Scenes Clerical Life, Janet's Repentance xi. 200 Three sermons on Sunday, a night-school for young men on Tuesday, a cottage-lecture on Thursday.
1832J. Constable Lett. (1965) III. 65, I send you a *cottage loaf for Sunday. 1841Dickens Barn. Rudge lxxx. 403 Cottage loaves, and rolls of bread. 1899Daily News 14 Mar. 8/7 Where the waist should be in the cottage-loaf type of figure. 1960Harper's Bazaar Aug., Cottage loaf hat.
1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 67 Is there no hole, no bridge, no *cottage-nooke?
1900C. C. Munn Uncle Terry 12 A small *cottage organ graced the platform, upon which an antique desk did duty as pulpit. 1917D. G. Phillips S. Lenox I. ix. 151 The center table, the two dingy chromos, and a battered cottage organ.
1837Thackeray Ravenswing i, The little red-silk *cottage piano.
1791J. Woodforde Diary 29 Aug. (1927) III. 295 Dinner to day, *Cottage-Pye and rost Beef. 1985National Law Jrnl. (U.S.) 13 May 23/2 Children will have a chance to eat a real English cottage pie at Woburn Abbey.
1838Dickens O. Twist II. xi. 195 It was quite a *cottage-room, with a lattice-window.
1785Burns Winter Nt., And hail'd the morning with a cheer, A *cottage-rousing craw.
1819Wordsw. Sonn. ‘Grief, thou hast’ Wks. (1888) 576/1 Now that the *cottage Spinning-wheel is mute.
1910Encycl. Brit. IV. 218/1 Samuel Mearne..was royal binder to Charles II., and invented the *cottage style of decoration, a style which has lasted till the present day... An inner rectangle is run parallel to the edges of the book, and the upper and lower lines are broken outwards into the outline of a gable roof.
1813Shelley Q. Mab iii. 205 Sleep they less sweetly on the *cottage thatch, Than on the dome of Kings?
1876C. M. Yonge Womankind xxxii. 293 We all of us know of people in all ranks, *cottage-women especially, who are..looked up to, trusted, called in.
▪ II. cottage, v.|ˈkɔtɪdʒ|
[f. cottage n. 3 b.]
intr. To use or frequent public toilets for homosexual sex. So cottaging vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1972Come Together xii. 4/2 This straightaway undermines any obsession with sex for sex's sake, and collapses the secondary sexist structures of cruising, cottaging etc. 1976J. Seabrook Lasting Relationship 179, I go cottaging because there's nothing to be ashamed of and because I think you ought to get rid of your fears about the police. 1983Gay News 31 Mar. 4/4 The ‘agent provocateur’ system which brings so many gay men to court on cottaging offences. 1984Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Feb. 192/4 Another character we never see is Chateau Charles, a cottaging queen with a penchant for young boys. 1984A. Maupin Baby-Cakes xxiv. 105 ‘I was busted for cottaging.’.. ‘You know..doin' it in a cottage.’.. ‘A cottage’, Wilfred repeated. ‘A public loo.’ 1986Q Oct. 14/1 According to some sources, early deals never got off the ground because a number of film moguls didn't want to be associated with a character like Orton whose idea of fun was cottaging in the Holloway Road. 1990Gay Times Dec. (Centre Section) 2/2 Is there a man in this town who is not on the rebound, does not cottage and is not sleeping with someone else. |