| 释义 |
safe-guard, n.|ˈseɪfgɑːd|
For forms see safe a. and guard n. See also saggar, seggard.
[ME. savegarde (sauf-, safe-, etc.), a. F. sauvegarde (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. sauve fem. of sauf safe + garde guard n. Cf. It., Sp. salvaguardia, Pg. salvaguarda, med.L. salvagardia.]
1. Protection, safety. Now rare or Obs. (see b).
1421Rolls of Parlt. IV. 159/2 The pore Soudeors..have truly served the sauf garde of the forsaid Town. c1470Henry Wallace iv. 652 Saiffgarde he gat wndir a bowand tre. 1513More Rich. III (1641) 450 King Richard, as the fame went, might have escaped and gotten safegard by flying. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV 8 b, Besechyng the Duke to grant to him the safegarde of his lyfe. 1555Eden Decades 6 To the which they flye for safegarde if any man resorte vnto them. 1572Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. II. 132 That na men..tak upoun thame the saulfgaird and protectioun of ony knawin inymeis or convoy..to thame..ony gudis. 1598R. Barckley Felic. Man ii. (1603) 89 Preferring the savegard of his people before his owne life. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 83 A place of safeguard, called commonly the Monastery of refuge. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 200 The women [of Sumatra] are for courage, Amazonian, and of such account with their tyrannique Lords, that the safeguard of their bodies are committed sometimes to their care. 1736Ainsworth Lat. Dict. s.v. Attribute, He attributeth to me the safe guard of the whole empire.
b. for (the) safeguard of (now arch.), † to (the) safeguard of, † in safeguard of: for the defence or protection of, in order to the safety of. Formerly freq. in phr. for safeguard of one's life.
[1347Rolls of Parlt. II. 194/1 Pur salve garde de la pees.] 1433Ibid. IV. 445/1 To walle,..and fortefie, youre seid Towne and Havyn, sufficiently..for the saufgarde of alle Marchaundises and other Goodes thedir comynge. 1440in Slew Hist. Walsall (1856) 107 For the more suertye and saufgard of the tresour and euydence of that Gylde. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 398 For savegarde of the kynges cite. c1500Melusine 17 And there the lady Pressyne stablysshed a strong geaunt to the sauegarde of the tresoure. 1519Mem. Ripon (Surtees) I. 315 For savegard of my lyf and for savegard of my body. 1536in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 139 For safeguard of his life he was fayne to leape from ye bridge. 1538Bale Thre Lawes 2039 To sauegarde of the iust & synners ponnyshment. 1571–2in Swayne Sarum Churchw. Acc. (1896) 285 Boxes for the belles ropes to run in for savegard of the ropes. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. x. 43 b, The streit of Hellespont, for the safegard wherof there are 2. strong castles. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. iii. 259 If you do fight in safegard of your wiues. 1620J. Wilkinson Coroners & Sherifes 13 A. flyeth as much as he can for safeguard of his life. a1625Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 39 To rase ones house on fire, in safegard of the neighbours houses. 1669Mrs. Alice Thornton Autobiog. (Surtees) 18 But the king, being constrained for the saveguard of his owne life, passed that fatall bill. 1727C. Threlkeld Stirpes Hibernicæ Pref. 23 He was for the Safeguard of his Life compelled in his Age, to fly into High Germany. 1848Arnould Mar. Insur. i. viii. I. 197 [Form of policy], To make every exertion in their power ‘for the defence, safeguard, and recovery’ of the property.
†c. in safeguard, in safety or security. Obs.
c1440Brut (E.E.T.S.) 468 Forto kepe the towne in sauf⁓garde from oure enemys. 1472–3Rolls of Parlt. VI. 5/2 The seid sommes of money..to be put in sauf gard. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 30 Fortresses where his men might lye in safegarde. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xxii. 23 With me thou shalt bee in safegard. 1642J. M[arsh] Argt. conc. Militia 4 The King ought to provide that his Subjects have their passage throughout the Realme by all high wayes in safeguard.
†d. Custody or safe-keeping. Obs.
1528Roy Rede me (Arb.) 112 They put men in soche savegarde That with in a whyle afterwarde They be sure to go no forther. 1817Sir F. Burdett in Parl. Debates 1693 The safeguard of the prisoners had originally belonged to the sheriff.
2. Protection or security afforded by a specified person (or thing). Phr. in or under (the) safe-guard of. Now rare or Obs.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 238 Thay ar all in the protectioun and salvegarde of the pape. 1484Caxton æsop ii. ii. (1889) 34 Who that..submytteth hym self vnder the saue gard or protection of the euylle. c1490Paston Lett. III. 366 Our Lord..have you in His blissid saufegard. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ii. 136 Whome he..had receiued into his sauegard, custodie, and protection. 1600Holland Livy xxxi. xxvii. 789 To commit themselves under the protection and savegard of the Romanes. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 84, I detained my selfe vnder safe⁓guard of the Cloyster. 1657Whole Duty of Man v. §14 (1660) 117 [We] therefore should tremble to venture on the perils either of day or night without his safeguard. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. vii. 125 Under the safeguard of the colony of their nation.
†b. to stand upon one's safeguard: to stand on the defensive, to defend one's self. Obs.
1609Bp. W. Barlow Answ. Nameless Cath. 236 If any Prince were euer forced to stand vpon his safe-guard, and fence himselfe with Lawes.
†3. Guarantee of safety or safe passage given by a person in authority; safe-conduct. on safeguard, on the strength of such guarantee. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 111 (139) And whan Priam his saue garde sente Thembassadours to troie streught wente. c1420? Lydg. Assembly of Gods 118 For where as I my sauegard grauntyd, Ay in that cost he comonly hauntyd. 1433Rolls of Parlt. IV. 475/2 Letters of save conduct and save gard. 1526in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 402 If anny man..will convey him oute of the town under any Irishman [h]is salfe garde or winges. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. ii. (Arb.) 154 He tooke his penne and wrote his warrant of sauegard with these most goodlie wordes, Viuat Varro vir doctissimus. 1594West 2nd Pt. Symbol. §45 For the ease, savegard, and passage of the inhabitants of the said townes, villages [etc.]. 1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 81 Crassus..was slaine as he parlied on safe⁓guard. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 9 On safegard he came to me.
†b. Law. (See quot.) Obs.
1670Blount Law Dict., Safe-guard. See Salva-guardia. Salva Guardia, is a Protection given by the King to a stranger, fearing the violence of some of his Subjects, for seeking His Right by course of Law.
4. A permit for safe passage: = safe-conduct 2. Also, a guard or escort granted for the same purpose.
1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. xi. 72 Whereupon second Letters together with a safe guard were dispatched unto him. 1642Laws of War Army Earl Essex A 4 b, Whosoever shall presume to violate a Save-guard, shall die without mercy. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. viii. §199 So a trumpet was sent to the earl of Essex for a safe guard or pass to those two lords. 1687T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 79 Without a farthing of money in your pockets, guides to conduct you or safeguards to protect you. 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2380/3 They..have need, for themselves and 100 Persons, of Passports and Safeguards to be sent from your Army. 1860Woolsey Introd. Internat. Law §147 (1875) 183 Passports and safeguards, or safe-conducts, are letters of protection, with or without an escort, by which the person of an enemy is rendered inviolable. 1861W. H. Russell in Times 6 June, I am obliged to see all that can be seen of the South at once, and then, armed with such safeguards as I can procure, to make an effort to recover my communications.
5. A warrant granted by a military commander to protect a place from pillage. Also, a guard or detachment of soldiers sent to protect the place.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Safe-Guard, In Military Affairs, a Protection given by a Prince or his General, to some of the Enemy's Country, to be secur'd from being ravag'd by his Men or quartering them; also Soldiers left in such Places for that Purpose. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4377/2 The Princess was there, and had..Safe-guards granted her for the Protection of the Place.
†6. A picket or outpost of soldiers. Obs.
1677Lond. Gaz. No. 1238/4 The Mareschal d'Humieres has called in all his Safe-guards, and caused the Bridges on the Canal to be taken up. 1707Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 195 Vendosm has called in all the safeguards round his camp.
7. gen. Something that offers security from danger; a defence, protection. Now chiefly in immaterial applications: e.g. a legal proviso or a stipulation serving to prevent some encroachment; a course of action, a habit or sentiment, tending to protect the subject against some temptation; or the like. (The chief current sense.)
1471Ripley Comp. Alch., Ep. to Edw. IV in Ashm. (1652) 109 O Honorable Lord,..The savegard of England, & maynteyner of right. 1513More Rich. III, Wks. 47 That sacred Sainctuary, that hath bene the safegarde of so many a good mannes life. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §18 This maner of foldynge..shall be a greate sauegarde to the shepe for rottynge. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 32 Whitch saiing I..do now recount a soverain save gard against all incumbrancis. 1584R. Norman (title) The safe⁓gard of Sailers, or great Rutter. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 701 [York] a singular safeguard and ornament both, to all the North parts. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 88 His owne valour was his safeguard. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. xii. (1782) I. 393 Their poverty indeed became an additional safeguard to their innocence. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. I. 43 No new safeguards for public liberty were devised. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. ix. 425 There was a still further reason for placing some special safeguard on that border. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. vii. 251 Admirable skill of expression is..no real safeguard against logical blunders. 1891Law Times XC. 419/2 The old reticence of the Bench was a grand safeguard of its dignity.
†8. An outer skirt or petticoat worn by women to protect their dress when riding. (See also quot. 1706.) Also seggard. Obs.
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 167 Limus,..a kind of aray or attire reaching from the nauill downe to the feete, by this description like a womans safegard, or a bakers. 1588in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. (1823) III. 3 A safegard with a jhup or gaskyn coate of faire cullored satten. 1590Lanc. Wills (Chetham Soc.) II. 23 My cloake and savegarde. 1608Merry Devil of Edmonton i. i. (Stage Direct.), The gentlewomen in cloakes and safeguardes. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl ii. i. D 1, Enter Mol in a freese Ierkin and a blacke sauegard. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., There is also a kind of Dust-gown, or upper Garment worn by Women, commonly called a Safe-Guard; also a coloured Stuff-Apron, and a sort of Swathing-Band for a young Child. 1789Append. Chron. in Ann. Reg. 264 Habited in loose white gowns, with nankeen safeguards.
b. Similarly attrib. (see quot.).
1822Blackw. Mag. XII. 69 With a safe-guard handkerchief, enveloping her turban.
†9. Alleged term for a ‘company’ of porters.
1486Bk. St. Albans f vij, A Safegarde of Porteris.
10. A name for various technical contrivances for ensuring safety.
1818Sporting Mag. III. 83 Purdey's Patent Safeguard, to prevent the accidental discharge of guns. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Safeguard 1, a. A rail-guard at a switch or crossing. b. A contrivance attached to a locomotive for throwing stones and other obstructions off the track.
11. A name for the monitor lizards of America.[After F. sauvegarde; for the origin of the appellation cf. monitor n. 5. Shaw Zool. III. 215 (1802) gives the equivalent Sp. salvaguarda as the South American name.] 1831Craigie Anat. 160 The American safeguard. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 469–70. 1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 288/1 Safe-guards (Tejus). |