| 释义 |
costmary|ˈkɒstmɛərɪ|
Also 5 -maryn, marye, 6 coste-, 6–7 costmarie.
[f. cost n.3 + (St.) Mary.
In the middle ages, the plant was widely associated in name with St. Mary; in French, the Grant Herbier of 15th c. has ‘Herba Sancte Marie, q. alio nomine dicitur costus dulcem..Herbe Sainte Marie, qui est autrement appellée cost ou coq;’ and Middle or mod. High German names are Frauwencrut, Frauwenworcz, Marienmintz, Unser Frawen Mintz, Unser Frawen Distel, Marien-blättchen, etc. (Pritzel & Jersen, Deutsche Volksnamen). Cf. also quot. 1578 from Lyte, and Florio 1598 ‘costo..the herbe coaste or herbe Marie’. The early form costmaryn (see quots. c 1400, and 1530), which, on the analogy of Rosemary, might be supposed to be the original, appears to be either a corruption or an independent appellation. A recently proposed explanation of the name from a F. cost amer or L. costus amarus ‘bitter cost’ is superfluous.]
An aromatic perennial plant, Chrysanthemum (Pyrethrum, Tanacetum) Balsamita, otherwise Balsamita vulgaris, family Compositæ, a native of the orient region, naturalized in the south of Europe, and cultivated in English gardens since the 16th c. as a flavouring herb; formerly used in medicine and to give a flavour to ale, whence also called alecost; = cost n.3
The cultivated form seems to be a rayless variety (var. Tanacetoides).
c1400Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 441 Take parsel, and myntes, and peletur, and costmaryn, and sauge. c1450Two Cookery-bks. 110 Take..a foil or .ij. of costmarye, a cloue of garleke. 1530Palsgr. 209 Cost mary herbe, coste marine. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxxvi. 250 Called in Latin Balsamita maior..and of some Herba diuæ Mariæ; in English, Cooste marie and of some Balsamynte; in high Douch Frauwenkraut. 1590Spenser Muiopotmos 195 Fresh costmarie and breathfull camomill. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countrie Farme 182 Costmarie and Avens..to give a savour like spice in pottage and Salads. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 157 Costmary is also called Alecoast..if it be steeped a while in Ale..it maketh a pleasant drinke. 1863F. Burr Veget. Amer. 416 Costmary is a hardy, perennial plant. |