| 释义 |
▪ I. correct, v.|kəˈrɛkt|
Also 4 corect, (corette), 4–6 correcte, (6 correk, correck(e). pa. tense and pple. corrected; also pa. tense 5–6 correcte; pa. pple. 5–6 correcte, 5–8 correct (see correct pa. pple.).
[f. L. correct- ppl. stem of corrigĕre to make straight, set right, reform, amend, f. cor- = com- together + regĕre to lead straight, direct, rule.]
1. trans. To set right, amend (a thing); to substitute what is right for the errors or faults in (a writing, etc.). Sometimes, loosely, to point out or mark the errors in, in order to their amendment.
† to correct the press: to correct, or mark for correction, the errors or faults in a proof-sheet (obs.).
c1374Chaucer To Scriv. 6 So oft a day I mot thy work renew It to corect and eke to rubbe and scrape. c1400Mandeville xxxi. 314 Þat my boke myghte be..corrected be avys of his wyse and discreet conseill. 1490Caxton Eneydos Prol. 4, I praye mayster Iohn Skelton..poete laureate in the vnyuersite of oxenforde, to ouersee and correcte this sayd booke. 1583C. Desainliens Campo di Fiore 357 We bring you our writing, that you maye correcte it. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 2 When he corrected the Calender. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age A iij b, Excuse the..roughnesse of the stile, in regard that..my occasions suffered me not to attend, nor correct the Presse. 1778R. Lowth Isaiah Prelim. Diss. 61 These they compared together, and..one copy corrected another. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. vi. 86 Rubens corrected some of his [the King's] drawings. 1878Morley Diderot I. 164 Diderot corrected the proof⁓sheets.
†b. Proverb. to correct the Magnificat. Obs.
1591Harington Orl. Fur. Pref. (1634) ⁋viij, As our English proverbe saith..some correct Magnificat that know not quid significat. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 388 To correct the magnificat, nodum in scirpo quærere. 1730–6Bailey (folio) s.v., To correct the Magnificat..to be hunting after Difficulties where there are none.
c. absol. To make a correction or corrections.
1481Caxton Myrr. Prol. 3 Humbly requyryng alle them that shal fynde faulte to correcte and amende where as they shal ony fynde. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary (1625) A iij b, Correct where fault is, and the Printer and I shall be beholding unto you. 1717Pope Misc. Wks. Pref., I corrected, because it was as pleasant to me to correct as to write.
2. To set right, rectify, amend (an error or fault).
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 9596 Ilka rightwyse lered man Þat my defaute here correcte can. 1494Fabyan Chron. 3 Besechynge hym..Where any Errour in this by hym is sayne, It to correct. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 1312 Shortly he..correcked theyr errour. 1638Chillingw. Relig. Prol. i. vii. §21 Those..who sought the truth, being ready, when they found it, to correct their error, were not hereticks. 1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 149 The means of detecting the errors of instruments are much more powerful than those of correcting them.
3. To set right, amend (a person); to cure of an error or fault; to admonish or rebuke, or to point out the errors or faults of, in order to amendment.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 284 For-þi ȝe corectoures..corecteth fyrst ȝow-seluen. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 661 Ne I wolde nat of hym corrected be. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 250 Meny that..erred from the faythe she correcte & broughte ayeine to the faythe. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 7 With his mery speche myxt with rebukes he correct al them of the cyte that disordredly lyued. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. (1817) III. 915 The doctor made a rejoynder in elegant Latin, wherein he corrected Powell for his false grammar. 1738Wesley Psalms cxxxix, Correct me where I go astray. 1796Burney Metastasio I. 236 The pleasure I have had in seeing one of my own children corrected of all natural defects. 1806Lamb Let. to Manning 5 Dec., If I speak incorrectly, you can correct me. 1876T. Hardy Hand Ethelb. xiii, Speaking no word..unless..to correct a small sister of somewhat crude manners.
†b. To admonish, advise, direct. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Sec. Nun's T. 162 Valerian, corrected as god wolde, Answerde agayn. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 20 Hermes correctyng kyng hamon yave him this precepte.
4. To punish for faults of character or conduct (properly, in order to amendment); to chastise, chasten.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 299 Spiritus iusticie spareth nouȝte..forto correcte Þe Kynge, ȝif he falle in gylte or in trespasse. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 390 It shalle be lefulle to eny inhabitaunt to correct his seruant. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings xii. 14 My father correcte you with scourges. ― 1 Macc. vi. 16 Yf we synne, he correcketh vs. 1611Bible Jer. xlvi. 28, I will..correct thee in measure, yet will I not leaue thee wholly vnpunished. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 398 Vagrants meet with punitive charity, and..are oftener corrected than amended. 1798Bay Amer. Law Rep. (1809) I. 4 Marine laws have permitted masters of vessels to correct unruly sailors. 1875Jowett Plato V. 450 He shall not venture to correct such an one by blows.
b. with the offence or fault as object.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 83 Josias..corrected euel dedes. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. viii. §9 Such madnesse were worthy to be corrected [castigandam] with strokes and stripes. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. ii. 5 Since correction lyeth in those hands Which made the fault that we cannot correct. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier ii. 272 The Licentiousness of the Soldier is supposed to be approved by the Officer, when it is not corrected. 1771Junius Lett. lxiv, It is a gross abuse, which the magistrate can and should correct.
†5. To bring or reduce to order; to reclaim from disorder, wildness, etc., to tame.
1594Marlowe & Nashe Dido iv. ii, Eternal Jove..That with thy gloomy hand corrects the heaven, When airy creatures war amongst themselves. 1657Hetley Reports 50 By the industry of man they [beasts] are corrected, and their savagenesse abated. 1703Pope Vertumnus 37 Sometimes his pruning-hook corrects the vines, And the loose stragglers to their ranks confines.
6. To bring (the bodily ‘humours’, system, etc.) into a healthy or normal state.
1620Venner Via Recta (1650) 133 It..correcteth those [humors] that are putrefied. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 130, I..was obliged to soothe this sore since I could not correct it. 1883A. Dobson Old World Idylls 19 People of rank, to correct their ‘tone’, Went out of town to Marybone.
7. To counteract or neutralize (hurtful qualities); to remove or prevent the ill effect of (something hurtful or undesirable).
1578Lyte Dodoens iii. xxvi. 353 Yet ought it [Hellebor] not to be giuen before it be prepared and corrected..with long pepper. a1600Hooker (J.), O happy mixture wherein things contrary do so qualify and correct the one the danger of the other's excess. 1671R. Bohun Disc. Wind 183 The Sun which us'd to correct the rigour and inclemency of the weather, is now banisht from their Horizon. 1731Arbuthnot Aliments vi. vi, Its quality of relaxing too much may be corrected by boiling it with some animal substances. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 76 The sweet savour of the honey corrects the bitterness of the plant. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 171 The heart..corrects the folly of the head. 1856Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XVII. ii. 375 This corrected the mossy tendency of the soil.
8. a. Math. and Physics. To bring (the result of an observation or calculation) into accordance with certain standard conditions. † to correct a fluent (in Fluxions): to determine the constant to be added after finding the fluent of a given fluxion (now called the constant of integration).
1774M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. 92 Verify, or correct, their Positions measured by the Log. 1807Hutton Course Math. II. 302 To Correct the Fluent of any Given Fluxion..The finding of the constant quantity c, to be added or subtracted with the fluent as found by the foregoing rules, is called correcting the fluent. Mod., Reading of the barometer, corrected to sea-level and 32° Fahr.
b. Optics. To eliminate from a lens or other optical instrument the aberration or dispersion of rays which would occasion indistinctness or coloured fringes in the image: cf. aberration 6. (Often with the instrument as object.)
1831Brewster Optics viii. 79 Take a prism of each with such angles that they correct each other's dispersion as much as possible. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. No. 466. 217 An achromatic lens..truly made..[has] its spherical aberration corrected as well as its chromatic one. 1890C. A. Young Elem. Astron. xvi. §534 An instrument [i.e. telescope] for photography must have an object-glass specially corrected for the purpose.
▪ II. † coˈrrect, n. Obs. rare.
[f. prec. vb.]
Correction.
1606Ford Fame's Mem. xvi, Past the childish fear, fear of a stripe Or schools correct.
▪ III. correct, pa. pple. and a.|kəˈrɛkt|
[ad. L. correct-us made straight, set right, etc., pa. pple. of corrigĕre: see correct v.]
†A. pa. pple. [Orig. immediately repr. the L., but in later times prob. considered to be short for corrected, or as a pa. pple. like set, knit, etc.; or even as pa. pple. of correck = mod.Sc. correckit.] Corrected; punished, amended. Obs.
1460J. Capgrave Chron. 249 That certeyn malefactoris..be not correct. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 66 Gef y had correcte hem. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 78 b, To be correcte for theyr offences. 1538Starkey England ii. i. 167 The wych faute, onys correcte, shal also take away thys frenecy. 1712Swift Let. Eng. Tongue, I would have our language, after it is duly correct, always to last.
B. adj.
1. In accordance with an acknowledged or conventional standard, esp. of literary or artistic style, or of manners or behaviour; proper.
1676Dryden Aurengz. Prol., What verse can do, he has performed in this, Which he presumes the most correct of his. 1824Byron Juan xvi. lviii, New buildings of correctest conformation. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 58 The correct thing is to have the owner's name worked in on the edge.
2. In accordance with fact, truth, or reason; free from error; exact, true, accurate; right. Said also of persons, in reference to their statements, scholarship, acquirements, etc.
correct card: see card n.2 6 e.
1705Addison Italy Pref., Monsieur Misson has wrote a more correct Account of Italy..than any before him. 1711H. Felton (J.), Always use the most correct editions. 1790C. M. Graham Lett. Educ. 7 The correctest idea we can form of the equity of our maker. 1820in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 388 Leaving to..their correcter judgment to decide. 1831Macaulay Byron Ess. 1854 I. 159/2 Mr. Hunt is, we suspect, quite correct in saying that, etc. 1875Jevons Money (1878) 8 This definition will be correct. 1875Ure Dict. Arts III. 648 When the author returns his proof and revise, and is satisfied that the sheet is correct. Ibid., Care is taken..that the pages are correct, and that the ‘signatures’ are in order. 1882B. M. Croker Proper Pride III. ii. 44 On reference to the correct card, they saw ‘Captain Campbell's Tornado; scarlet jacket, etc.’
3. Of persons: Adhering exactly to an acknowledged standard:
a. of literary or artistic style.
1734Pope Ess. Man iv. 381 Correct with spirit, eloquent with ease. 1736Johnson in Boswell, The best and correctest authours. 1831Macaulay Byron Ess. 1854 I. 153/2 What are called the most correct plays of the most correct dramatists.
b. of manners or behaviour.
c1800Jebb Corr. (1836) I. i. 4 He is..as a clergyman, extremely zealous and correct. 1891Blackw. Mag. July 42 Whenever a commandment is broken by one of these correct heroes..it is done with perfect regard for the usages of polite society.
Add:4. Conforming to a dominant political or ideological orthodoxy: a. spec. in Communist China, according with or adhering to Maoist doctrine (now chiefly hist.).
1932M. Shactman tr. L. Trotsky Probl. Chinese Revol. 198 The party will utilize quite differently the discontentment of the masses, if it considers it by reckoning with a correct political perspective. 1950tr. Liu Shao-Chi On the Party 52 Our Party's correct political line cannot be separated from its correct organisational line. 1951Ann. Amer. Acad. Pol. & Social Sci. CCLXXVII. 80/2 Another essential idea is the Marxist dogma that there is only one ‘correct’ line of thought and action... The central authorities define what is correct, and..the entire mass membership of any organization is expected to think and act ‘correctly’. 1953tr. Mao Tse-Tung On Rectification of Incorrect Ideas in Party 1 The failure of the Party's leading bodies..to educate the members along the correct line is also an important cause of the existence and growth of such incorrect ideas. 1960T. Chen Thought Reform of Chinese Intellectuals ii. 9 An ideologically correct person..is likely to overcome old habits of thought and action. 1966Tung Chi-ping & H. Evans Thought Revolution iii. 47 Despite his ‘correct’ political attitude, the teachers singled him out for criticism.
b. In recent (chiefly N. Amer.) use, ellipt. for politically correct s.v. *politically adv. 3 b; hence, with other defining terms, as eco-correct, environmentally correct, gender-correct, socially correct, etc.
1973S. Davidson in Esquire July 74/1 The mood of the original feminists changed utterly... People recount the rise and fall of groups, the setting up and toppling of ‘correct political lines’, the purges and counter-purges. 1973A. Walker in J. O'Brien Interviews with Black Writers 207 To be ‘correct’ she should consider it her duty to let ugliness reign. The most ‘incorrect’ thing about Sammy Lou is that she loves flowers... Whenever you hear a black person talking about the beauties of nature, that person is not a black person at all. 1986H. J. Maroney in Mitchell & Oakley What is Feminism? 113 Unable to agree upon a ‘correct’ and effective programme of action, they have dwindled into theoreticism, split, or been reduced to passivity. 1990Taxation & Environmental Policy (Inst. Fiscal Stud. Commentary No. 19) 3 Ideally, the economically correct procedure in introducing an environmental tax would be to value the economic costs of activities which take place outside of any market, and to calculate a tax level per unit output to reflect these costs. 1991Raritan Summer 41 Are we..in the business of granting degrees that mean: ‘Your son or daughter has turned out correct. Politically, morally, socially correct; at least, by this year's standards. 1991New Yorker 16 Dec. 120/2 Not only the merchandise but all the materials used in the construction of the store are about as environmentally correct as is possible these days. 1992J. & M. Stern Encycl. Pop Culture 398/1 Potato chips are not exactly in style—they are too fatty and too salty to be N.C. (‘nutritionally correct’, as determined by health-food killjoys). 1993Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 6 Jan. b2/4 For the most part, message toys are geared to parents, not to children, and most environmental- and gender-correct toys haven't made much of a dent. 1994USA Weekend 9 Jan. 28/2 How do you pack the car for an eco-correct family vacation? |