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▪ I. prickle, n.1|ˈprɪk(ə)l|
Forms: 1 pricels, pricel, inflected -ele, -le, 4–5 prykel, -yl, 5 -elle, 5–6 prikle, 6 Sc. prickil, 6–7 prickel, -ell, 6– prickle.
[OE. pricel, later form of pricels, f. stem pric- of prician to prick + instrumental suffix -els from earlier -isl = OHG. -isli:—WGer. *-islja. Cf. MDu., MLG. prickel, prēkel, Du. prikkel, LG. prickel a prickle, sting, spur, etc. In later times the suffix was app. sometimes associated with the dim. -el, -le from Fr., and a prickle viewed as a small prick. See also pritchel.]
†1. A thing to prick with; a goad. Obs.
a1000in Aldhelm Gloss. (Napier) 4228 and 4656 Stimulis, pricelsum. c1000Ags. Gosp., Luke Pref., Wið priclom eftdræᵹend [L. contra stimulos recalcitrantem]. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16218 Penda poyned hym als a prykel. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 6578 Wel ney his flanke his strok he tecles, And strikes him with spere and pricles. c1440Promp. Parv. 413/1 Prykyl.., stimulus, aculeus; idem quod pryk. 1570Levins Manip. 121/41 A Prickle, stimulus. 1609Bible (Douay) Ecclus. xxxviii. 26 That holdeth the plough, and glorieth in the goade, driveth oxen with the prickle, and converseth in their workes.
†2. A pricking or goading sensation. Obs.
a1050Liber Scintill. xviii. (1889) 87 Þænne mid oferfylle wamb byð aþened pricelas [L. aculei] galnysse beoð awehte. c1050Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 307 Ac seo ræding pingð þæne scoliere mid scearpum pricele. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8485 Y fele a ful hard prykyl Þat my flesshe tempteþ me mykyl.
†3. A small mark or character in writing; a jot, iota; a minute fraction, part, or particle; = prick n. 3, 5. Obs. (Only OE.)
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 18 Iota unum [gloss] foruord vel pricle an vel enne, aut unus apex enne pricle vel stæfes heafod non præteribit ne forgæs. Ibid. Luke xii. 59 Ðone hlætmesto pricclu [Rushw. lætemestu pricla].
†4. The sting of an insect. Obs.
c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 3376 (Royal MS.) Senek seithe how the kyng and the leder Of bees prikles hathe he right none,..Othir bees prikles han euerychone.
5. A rigid sharp-pointed process developed from the bark or any part of the epidermis of a plant, consisting of a compound hair.
Botanically, a prickle differs from a thorn or spine in that it may be peeled off with the epidermis and does not grow from the wood of the plant; but popularly a prickle is a smaller or finer kind of prick or thorn, and the prickles of the rose are commonly called thorns.
c1440[see 1]. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 388 Nettles..haue no prickells, yet they sting. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 63 No roses without prickles. a1672Sterry Freed. Will (1675) 157 It hath prickels to guard those Roses from rash and rude hands. 1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 188 The prickles at the edge of the leaves..readily distinguish this from the G[alium] montanum. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 123 Rosa canina..distinguished from spinosissima by its hooked prickles.
6. a. A hard-pointed spine or outgrowth of the epidermis of an animal, as in the hedgehog; formerly applied also to the quills of the porcupine.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 89 Almost on euerie prickle or brestle he getteth an Apple or Grape. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 84 Histrix is a little beast with speckled prickles on his back. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 74 [The Urchin] of the Sea, drunk with the prickles, expelleth the stone. Ibid. 102 Porcupine. They have..on the back and sides diverse coloured prickles. 1840Hood Kilmansegg, Dream xiv, He lies like a hedgehog roll'd up the wrong way, Tormenting himself with his prickles.
b. One of the minute spines on a prickle-cell.
1875Encycl. Brit. I. 897/1 The cells..next in order are polygonal, and not unfrequently possess pointed processes or prickles projecting from them, hence the name, prickle cells, employed by Schultze. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 881 The prickle cells in the neighbourhood of the lacunæ, which are found here and there over the papillæ, have lost their prickles.
7. fig. Something that pricks the mind or feelings. (Chiefly in pl.)
1638Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II.) 128 The wisedome of the Cardinall will strip off all the thorny prickles of passion. 1682Dryden Medal 148 The man who laughed but once..Might laugh again to see a jury chaw The prickles of unpalatable law. 1705tr. Cowley's Plants Wks. 1711 III. 364 The Rose has prickles, so has Love, Though these a little sharper prove.
†8. = file-fish b. Obs.
1681Grew Musæum i. v. iii. 113 The Prickle or longest File-Fish..on the sides hinderly grows a little short Prickle upon the centre of every Scale.
9. attrib. and Comb., as prickle-edge; prickle-armed, prickle-edged, prickle-nosed, prickle-shaped adjs.; † prickle-apple = prickled apple; prickle-cell Biol., a descriptive term applied to the round cells found in the deeper layers of stratified epithelium, bearing fibrils or minute spines; † prickle-fish, the stickleback; prickle-layer, the lowest layer of epidermis, made up of prickle-cells (Billings Dict. Med. 1890); † prickle-palm = prickly palm (prickly a. 3); prickle-tree, the Spindle-tree: see euonymus; prickle-yellow, prickly yellowwood: see prickly 3.
1681Grew Musæum ii. i. ii. 186 Part of a *Prickle-Apple... The Fruit is remarkable for the several Tussucks or Bunches of Thorns wherewith it is armed all round about.
c1620T. Robinson Mary Magd. i. 310 No thistle heere was seen, no *pricle-armed thorne.
1875*Prickle-cell [see 6 b]. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 542 The prickle layer is thinned or absent, and the prickle cells flattened horizontally. 1962Blake & Trott Periodontology ii. 17 This epithelium consists of a few layers of prickle cells. 1974R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery v. 72 Histologically the tumour is of the prickle-cell layer, invading the deeper tissues, and later spreading to the regional lymph glands.
1885–8Fagge & Pye-Smith Princ. Med. (ed. 2) I. 119 Not infrequently some of the cells [of keratoid carcinoma] have *prickle-edges, exactly as in certain layers of the epidermis.
1857Gosse Creation 136 Its great *prickle-edged stiff leaves grow in long diagonal rows.
1668Charleton Onomast. 144 Atherina..the *Prickle-fish.
1681Grew Musæum i. vii. ii. 162 The *Prickle-Nos'd Beetle..hath only a small short Prickle.
1684tr. Bucaniers Amer. 33 Another sort of these Palm-trees is called *Prickle-Palm..by reason it is infinitely full of prickles.
1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) IV. 105 Leaves..edged with *prickle-shaped substances the same as those on the surface.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 190 The *prickle or spindle tree (called also Euonymus).
Hence ˈpricklet nonce-wd., a minute prickle; † ˈpricklish a., somewhat prickly.
1878Ogle tr. Kerner's Flowers & Unbidden Guests iv. 76 The under side..being studded..with numerous sharp pricklets. 1698J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XX. 328 The..Leaves stand on a pricklish or rough Footstalk.
[2.] Delete † Obs. and add:
App. obsolete by early 14th. cent.; the mod. use appears to represent a separate development (orig. dial. and U.S. colloq.).
1895in Funk's Stand. Dict. 1898N. Munro John Splendid xxiii. 223 A prickle's at my skin that tells me here is dool. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §134/1 The prickles, a pricking sensation. 1975M. Duffy Capital i. 48, I shall feel the prickle of heat and grass. 1985J. Winterson Oranges are not the Only Fruit 109, I felt a prickle at the back of my neck.
[7.] b. pl. A tendency or capacity to react argumentatively; defensiveness, prickliness, touchiness. Cf. *prickle v. 3 b, prickly a. 1 b.
1975L. Gillen Return to Deepwater ii. 38 ‘You've got the McCourt prickles, anyway,’ he told her tactlessly. 1975D. Francis High Stakes iii. 49 Before I collected you, I expected honesty, directness and prickles.
▪ II. prickle, n.2|ˈprɪk(ə)l|
[Derivation obscure.]
A wicker basket, esp. for fruit or flowers. ? Obs.
1609N. F. Fruiterers Secrets 17 When your baskets or prickels be ful. 1625B. Jonson Pan's Anniversary 21 Rain roses still,..and fill Your fragrant prickles for a second shower. 1883Symonds Shaks. Predec. ix. (1900) 278 Nymphs, carrying prickles, or open wicker baskets.
attrib.1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 181 The prickle Baskets, and Hand-barrows should at this time be plyed with the greatest vigour and diligence.
b. Also used in specific senses: see quots.
1674in Strype Stow's Surv. (1754) II. v. xxi. 415/1 For each Prickle or Basket, holding not above one Bushel, one Half-penny per Day. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Prickle, a basket or measure of wicker work among fruiterers. Formerly made of briers. Hence, perhaps, the name. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 27/2 The prickle is a brown willow basket, in which walnuts are imported..from the Continent; they are about thirty inches deep, and in bulk rather larger than a gallon measure; they are used only by the vendors of walnuts. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Prickle, a sieve of filberts, containing about ½ a cwt.
▪ III. prickle, v.|ˈprɪk(ə)l|
[Partly f. prickle n.1; = MDu., MLG. prēkelen, MDu. prickelen, Du. prikkelen, LG. prikkeln, prickeln, whence G. prickeln to prickle, sting, prick. Partly dim. of prick v.]
1. trans. (or absol.) To prick, as with a goad or other sharp instrument; hence, to goad, instigate.
1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 299 So pryklyng hyr grene curage for to crowd In amorus voce and wowar soundis lowd. 1570Levins Manip. 122/3 To Prickle, stimulare. 1585Lupton Thous. Notable Th. (1675) 16 The outward part of the Nettle, doth sting, prickle, or burn. 1693Congreve Old Bach. iii. x, You have such a beard, and would so prickle one. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2), Prickle, to prick. 1876T. S. Egan Heine's Atta Troll, etc. 222 If that point I shall once unpack, 'Twill prickle and hackle your faces.
b. transf. To affect with a prickling sensation.
1855Tennyson Maud i. xiv. 36, I..Felt a horror over me creep, Prickle my skin and catch my breath.
†2. fig. To affect with a feeling of pain or compunction. Obs. Cf. prick v. 2.
1500–20Dunbar Poems xxix. 15 My panefull purss so prikillis me. Ibid. 20 So pricliss me. 1533Gau Richt Vay 62 Thay war priklit in thair hartis and said to hime..quhat sal we dw?
3. intr. To tingle as if pricked.
1634–5Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 42 His finger burned and prickled. 1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 1361 Sir Gareth's head prickled beneath his helm.
4. trans. To sprinkle or cover with minute points; to dot. rare.
1888Harper's Mag. Apr. 753 Evening shadowed; the violet deepened and prickled itself with stars.
5. intr. To rise or stand up like prickles. Cf. prick v. 28.
1905Blackw. Mag. Sept. 305/2 The roofs of gray shingles or red tiles prickling up through the mass of greenery.
Hence ˈprickling vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. v. 29 The fragrant Eglantine did spred His prickling armes, entrayld with roses red. 1656W. D. tr. Comenius' Gate Lat. Unl. §258 With very little pricklings, Itching. 1726Monro Anat. Nerves (1741) 63 The Numness and Prickling we..feel point out the Course of this Nerve. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 289 The wind was like prickling needles.
Add:[3.] b. fig. To react defensively or angrily to others' behaviour, a situation, etc.; to bristle. Const. with (an emotion), at (a source of provocation). Cf. *prickle n.1 7 b, prickly a. 1 b.
1983S. Cooper Seaward iii. 17 The field was still, prickling with tension... Faintly from the nearest group of golden soldiers a shout rose: ‘Charge!’ 1983G. Harris Seventh Gate ii. 29 You're easy to tease and I like to watch you prickle, like a marsh kitten refusing to be stroked. 1989Los Angeles Times 23 July (Book Rev. section) 10/1 Lawyers will prickle at the simplistic approach he takes to explaining the common law. |